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By a Treaty of 1855, the tribe was confined to a reservation in the Wallowa Valley in Oregon and a large area of central Idaho. On March 6, 1856 the Nez Perce tribe furnished horses to the Oregon Mounted Volunteers. The tribe was later reimbursed in a treaty signed June 9, 1863. | By a Treaty of 1855, the tribe was confined to a reservation in the Wallowa Valley in Oregon and a large area of central Idaho. On March 6, 1856 the Nez Perce tribe furnished horses to the Oregon Mounted Volunteers. The tribe was later reimbursed in a treaty signed June 9, 1863. | ||
When the federal government wanted to further confine the tribe to the Idaho portion of the reservation in 1877, Chief Joseph and his followers who did not want to be restricted to the new boundaries of the reservation, resisted in what became known as the Nez Perce War. As a result of their defeat in this resistance, Chief Joseph led his followers on a march to try to reach Canada, but was stopped about 40 miles short of his goal, surrounded by U.S. soldiers, and forced to surrender in October of 1877. Their flight had taken several months of evading a pursuing army and had covered approximately 1700 miles. Chief Joseph and his followers were sent to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas and thence to the [[ | When the federal government wanted to further confine the tribe to the Idaho portion of the reservation in 1877, Chief Joseph and his followers who did not want to be restricted to the new boundaries of the reservation, resisted in what became known as the Nez Perce War. As a result of their defeat in this resistance, Chief Joseph led his followers on a march to try to reach Canada, but was stopped about 40 miles short of his goal, surrounded by U.S. soldiers, and forced to surrender in October of 1877. Their flight had taken several months of evading a pursuing army and had covered approximately 1700 miles. Chief Joseph and his followers were sent to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas and thence to the [[Ponca Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Ponca Reservation]] in Indian Territory. In 1885, they were allowed to return to the Pacific Northwest, but were confined to the [[Colville Indian Reservation (Washington)|Colville Reservation]] in Washington. | ||
The remainder of the Nez Perce who had not resisted being restricted to a smaller reservation, remained at the [[ | The remainder of the Nez Perce who had not resisted being restricted to a smaller reservation, remained at the [[Nez Perce Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Nez Perce Reservation]] in north-central Idaho. | ||
The Nez Perce now reside mostly on the reservation near Lapwai, Idaho, with a few descendants of the tribe, principally Chief Joseph's Band, still residing on the Colville Reservation and with the [[ | The Nez Perce now reside mostly on the reservation near Lapwai, Idaho, with a few descendants of the tribe, principally Chief Joseph's Band, still residing on the Colville Reservation and with the [[Coeur d'Alene Indians|Coeur d'Alene]] Indians in northern Idaho. | ||
==== Brief Timeline ==== | ==== Brief Timeline ==== | ||
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*1836 -- Henry Harmon and Eliza Spalding establish a Presbyterian mission among the Nez Perce | *1836 -- Henry Harmon and Eliza Spalding establish a Presbyterian mission among the Nez Perce | ||
*1855 -- Nez Perce Reservation established by treaty. | *1855 -- Nez Perce Reservation established by treaty. | ||
*1861 -- Nez Perce Agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs was established | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/bla0736.htm 1855] October 17, with the Blackfeet | ||
*1863: June 9, a treaty (Thief Treaty) | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/nez0702.htm 1855]June 11, at Camp Stevens in Walla Walla Valley | ||
*1861 -- Nez Perce Agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs was established | |||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/nez0843.htm 1863] June 9, at Lapwai Valley in Washington Territory | |||
*1863: June 9, a treaty (Thief Treaty) was signed at Lapwai Valley, Washington Terrtitory | |||
*1868: August 13, a treaty was signed at council ground in Lapwai Valley in Washington Territory | *1868: August 13, a treaty was signed at council ground in Lapwai Valley in Washington Territory | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/nez1024.htm 1868] August 13, at council ground in Lapwai Valley in Washinton Territory | |||
*1868 -- Father Joseph Cataldo's first Catholic missionary efforts among the Nez Perce | *1868 -- Father Joseph Cataldo's first Catholic missionary efforts among the Nez Perce | ||
*1874 -- St. Joseph's Catholic mission established | *1874 -- St. Joseph's Catholic mission established | ||
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::Battles: Clearwater Creek in Idaho, Big Hole Valley in Montana, Camas Creek in Idaho, Canyon Creek and Cow Island in Montana, and Bear Paw in Montana. Leading the U.S. forces was General Oliver Howard - (Formed Howard University - ed. African Americans; he had one arm)1877: October, Chief Joseph 87 warriors, 84 women, and 147 children surrendered near Bear Paw, Montana. November the Nez Perce Tribe sent to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas | ::Battles: Clearwater Creek in Idaho, Big Hole Valley in Montana, Camas Creek in Idaho, Canyon Creek and Cow Island in Montana, and Bear Paw in Montana. Leading the U.S. forces was General Oliver Howard - (Formed Howard University - ed. African Americans; he had one arm)1877: October, Chief Joseph 87 warriors, 84 women, and 147 children surrendered near Bear Paw, Montana. November the Nez Perce Tribe sent to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas | ||
*1878-79: The tribe was under the jurisdiction of the Quapaw Agency in Indian Territory | |||
*1878: The part of the tribe that followed Chief Joseph was sent to Indian Territory in Oklahoma | *1878: The part of the tribe that followed Chief Joseph was sent to Indian Territory in Oklahoma | ||
*1879-80: The tribe was under the jurisdiction of the Ponca Agency in Indian Territory | |||
*1885: Chief Joseph and his followers were sent to the Colville Reservation in Washington | *1885: Chief Joseph and his followers were sent to the Colville Reservation in Washington | ||
*1904: Chief Joseph died at the Colville Reservation | *1904: Chief Joseph died at the Colville Reservation | ||
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::[[Northern Idaho Indian Agency (Idaho)|Northern Idaho Agency]], 1938-present | ::[[Northern Idaho Indian Agency (Idaho)|Northern Idaho Agency]], 1938-present | ||
==== Superintendencies ==== | ==== Superintendencies ==== | ||
[[ | [[Idaho Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Idaho Superintendency]] | ||
[[ | [[Oregon Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Oregon Superintendency]] | ||
[[ | [[Washington Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Washington Superintendency]] | ||
==== Census Records ==== | ==== Census Records ==== | ||
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Treaties to which the Nez Perce Indians were a part were: | Treaties to which the Nez Perce Indians were a part were: | ||
* | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/bla0736.htm 1855] October 17, with the Blackfeet | ||
* | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/nez0702.htm 1855]June 11, at Camp Stevens in Walla Walla Valley | ||
* | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/nez0843.htm 1863] June 9, at Lapwai Valley in Washington Territory | ||
* | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/nez1024.htm 1868] August 13, at council ground in Lapwai Valley in Washinton Territory | ||
==== Tribal Office Records ==== | ==== Tribal Office Records ==== | ||