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Plurals. Finnish indicates the plural of a word in two ways: | Plurals. Finnish indicates the plural of a word in two ways: | ||
* The letter t is added to nouns that have no other endings. For example, talo (house) becomes talot(houses). | *The letter t is added to nouns that have no other endings. For example, talo (house) becomes talot(houses). | ||
* The letter i is added if the noun has another ending. For example, talossa (in the house) becomes taloissa (in the houses). | *The letter i is added if the noun has another ending. For example, talossa (in the house) becomes taloissa (in the houses). | ||
Possessives. In addition to or instead of using words like my and theirs, Finnish adds endings to words to show possession. If a word already has another ending on it, the possessive ending appears at the end of the word. For example, see how possessives change the words talo (house) and talossa (in the house): | Possessives. In addition to or instead of using words like my and theirs, Finnish adds endings to words to show possession. If a word already has another ending on it, the possessive ending appears at the end of the word. For example, see how possessives change the words talo (house) and talossa (in the house): | ||
*his house hänen talonsa | |||
*in his house hänen talossansa | |||
See Table 1 for a more complete description of possessives. | See Table 1 for a more complete description of possessives. | ||
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Depending on the various grammar rules, Finnish prepositions may appear in one of three ways: | Depending on the various grammar rules, Finnish prepositions may appear in one of three ways: | ||
* They may come before the noun. For example, ennen sotaa (before the war). | *They may come before the noun. For example, ennen sotaa (before the war). | ||
* They may come after the noun. (In this case, it is called a postposition.) For example, sodan jälkeen(after the war). | *They may come after the noun. (In this case, it is called a postposition.) For example, sodan jälkeen(after the war). | ||
* They may be added to the noun. For example Helsinki becomes Helsinkiin (into Helsinki). Table 2, on the next page, contains other examples. | *They may be added to the noun. For example Helsinki becomes Helsinkiin (into Helsinki). Table 2, on the next page, contains other examples. | ||
Word endings. Endings are also added to words for other grammatical purposes. See Tables 1 and 3 for other examples. | Word endings. Endings are also added to words for other grammatical purposes. See Tables 1 and 3 for other examples. | ||
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{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''' A''' | | '''A''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| wife | | wife | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''D''' | | '''D''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| tinner, tinsmith | | tinner, tinsmith | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''' E''' | | '''E''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| given name | | given name | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''' F''' | | '''F''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| page | | page | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''H''' | | '''H''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''I''' | | '''I''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| aged | | aged | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''J''' | | '''J''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| left, remaining | | left, remaining | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''K''' | | '''K''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| poor relief records | | poor relief records | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''L''' | | '''L''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| foundling | | foundling | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''M''' | | '''M''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| cottage | | cottage | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''N''' | | '''N''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| hunger | | hunger | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''O''' | | '''O''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| are | | are | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''P''' | | '''P''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| minutes | | minutes | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''R''' | | '''R''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| tailor | | tailor | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''S''' | | '''S''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| station, class, standing (person of) | | station, class, standing (person of) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''T''' | | '''T''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| here | | here | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''U''' | | '''U''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| new | | new | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''V''' | | '''V''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| guest, person not of a given parish | | guest, person not of a given parish | ||
|- | |- | ||
| vierasseurakuntalaisten historiakirjat | | vierasseurakuntalaisten historiakirjat | ||
| registers of members of other parishes | | registers of members of other parishes | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| son-in-law | | son-in-law | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Y''' | | '''Y''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| night | | night | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Ä''' | | '''Ä''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||