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Finnish is related to Estonian and distantly related to Hungarian. It is not related to other European languages. The official languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish. Until the end of the 1800s, records were kept in Swedish. For help reading those records, see the Swedish Genealogical Word List(31028). Some Latin phrases also appear in older Finnish parish registers. For help, use the Latin Genealogical Word List (34077).  
Finnish is related to Estonian and distantly related to Hungarian. It is not related to other European languages. The official languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish. Until the end of the 1800s, records were kept in Swedish. For help reading those records, see the Swedish Genealogical Word List(31028). Some Latin phrases also appear in older Finnish parish registers. For help, use the Latin Genealogical Word List (34077).  


=== LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS ===
=== LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS ===


<br>Variant Forms of Words  
<br>Variant Forms of Words  
Line 14: Line 14:


     * The letter t is added to nouns that have no other endings. For example, talo (house) becomes talot(houses).
     * The letter t is added to nouns that have no other endings. For example, talo (house) becomes talot(houses).
    * The letter i is added if the noun has another ending. For example, talossa (in the house) becomes taloissa (in the houses).
  * The letter i is added if the noun has another ending. For example, talossa (in the house) becomes taloissa (in the houses).


Possessives. In addition to or instead of using words like my and theirs, Finnish adds endings to words to show possession. If a word already has another ending on it, the possessive ending appears at the end of the word. For example, see how possessives change the words talo (house) and talossa (in the house):  
Possessives. In addition to or instead of using words like my and theirs, Finnish adds endings to words to show possession. If a word already has another ending on it, the possessive ending appears at the end of the word. For example, see how possessives change the words talo (house) and talossa (in the house):  


     his house hänen talonsa
     his house hänen talonsa
    in his house hänen talossansa
  in his house hänen talossansa


See Table 1 for a more complete description of possessives.  
See Table 1 for a more complete description of possessives.  
Line 28: Line 28:


     * They may come before the noun. For example, ennen sotaa (before the war).
     * They may come before the noun. For example, ennen sotaa (before the war).
    * They may come after the noun. (In this case, it is called a postposition.) For example, sodan jälkeen(after the war).
  * They may come after the noun. (In this case, it is called a postposition.) For example, sodan jälkeen(after the war).
  * They may be added to the noun. For example Helsinki becomes Helsinkiin (into Helsinki). Table 2, on the next page, contains other examples.
  * They may be added to the noun. For example Helsinki becomes Helsinkiin (into Helsinki). Table 2, on the next page, contains other examples.


Word endings. Endings are also added to words for other grammatical purposes. See Tables 1 and 3 for other examples.  
Word endings. Endings are also added to words for other grammatical purposes. See Tables 1 and 3 for other examples.  
Line 47: Line 47:
Ending: -lla, -ll followed by a form of the verb olla (to be): on, ei ole, oli, ei ollut, on ollut, or ei ole ollut Basic Meaning: shows possession or ownership (to have)  
Ending: -lla, -ll followed by a form of the verb olla (to be): on, ei ole, oli, ei ollut, on ollut, or ei ole ollut Basic Meaning: shows possession or ownership (to have)  


<br>
<br>  


Example Translation  
Example Translation  
Line 58: Line 58:


  Letters that Change Examples
  Letters that Change Examples
  ht to hd lahti to lahden
  ht to hd lahti to lahden
  k to (nothing) Ilmajoki to Ilmajoen
  k to (nothing) Ilmajoki to Ilmajoen
  kk to k kirkko to kirkon
  kk to k kirkko to kirkon
  lt to ll ilta to illan
  lt to ll ilta to illan
  mp to mm lampi to lammen
  mp to mm lampi to lammen
  n to s Heinonen to Heinosen
  n to s Heinonen to Heinosen
  nk to ng Helsinki to Helsingin
  nk to ng Helsinki to Helsingin
  nt to nn isäntä to isännn
  nt to nn isäntä to isännn
  p to v orpo to orvon
  p to v orpo to orvon
  pp to p pappi to papin
  pp to p pappi to papin
  rk to r Turku to Turun
  rk to r Turku to Turun
  rt to rr virta to virran
  rt to rr virta to virran
  s to d or t uusi to uuden, uuteen
  s to d or t uusi to uuden, uuteen
  tt to t tyttö to tytön
  tt to t tyttö to tytön
  uku to uvu suku to suvun
  uku to uvu suku to suvun
  vowel+t to vowel+d iti to idin
  vowel+t to vowel+d iti to idin


<br>Alphabetical Order  
<br>Alphabetical Order  
Line 107: Line 107:


     English Finnish
     English Finnish
    banns kuulutetut
  banns kuulutetut
  baptism kastetut, kaste-, ristimä-
  baptism kastetut, kaste-, ristimä-
  births syntyneet, synty-
  births syntyneet, synty-
  burials haudatut, hauta-, hauda-
  burials haudatut, hauta-, hauda-
  child lapsi
  child lapsi
  christenings (See baptism.)
  christenings (See baptism.)
  confirmations rippilapset, ripille päässeet
  confirmations rippilapset, ripille päässeet
  deaths kuolleet, kuoli-
  deaths kuolleet, kuoli-
  father isä
  father isä
  husband mies, aviomies
  husband mies, aviomies
  marriages vihityt, vihki-, naim-, avio-
  marriages vihityt, vihki-, naim-, avio-
  month kuukausi, kuu
  month kuukausi, kuu
  mother äiti
  mother äiti
  name (given name) nimi, etunimi, kastenimi, ristimänimi
  name (given name) nimi, etunimi, kastenimi, ristimänimi
  name (surname) (suku)nimi
  name (surname) (suku)nimi
  parents vanhemmat
  parents vanhemmat
  parishs seurakunta, kunta
  parishs seurakunta, kunta
  wife vaimo, aviovaimo
  wife vaimo, aviovaimo
  year vuosi, vuoden, vuonna
  year vuosi, vuoden, vuonna


<br>Finnish Genealogical Word List  
<br>Finnish Genealogical Word List  
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<br>Return to top of page  
<br>Return to top of page  


<br>A
{|
 
| aamu ||morning  
    aamu morning
|-
    aamulla in the morning
| aamulla ||in the morning  
  aamupäivä forenoon
|-
  aateli(nen) noble
| aamupäivä ||forenoon  
  aatelisto nobility
|-
  aatto eve
| aateli(nen) ||noble  
  aika time, date
|-
  aikainen early, (a.m.)
| aatelisto ||nobility  
  aikaisempi earlier
|-
  aikakauskirja periodical
| aatto ||eve  
  aikanaan in due time
|-
  aina always
| aika ||time, date  
  ainoa only
|-
  aivokuume encephalitis, inflammation of the brain
| aikainen ||early, (a.m.)  
  aivotärähdys concussion
|-
  ajaja coachman
| aikaisempi ||earlier  
  ajomies coachman
|-
  ala, ali low(er), under
| aikakauskirja ||periodical  
  alaikäinen minor, underaged
|-
  alla under
| aikanaan ||in due time  
  allekirjoittanut undersigned
|-
  alue region, district
| aina ||always  
  alus ship
|-
  ammatti profession, occupation
| ainoa ||only  
  annettu given
|-
  anoppi mother-in-law
| aivokuume ||encephalitis, inflammation of the brain  
  appi father-in-law
|-
  appivanhemmat parents-in-law
| aivotärähdys ||concussion  
  apteekkari pharmacist, druggist
|-
  arkisto archive
| ajaja ||coachman  
  arkistoluettelo archive list
|-
  arvo title, rank, status
| ajomies ||coachman  
  asema station, class, standing
|-
  asevelvollinen conscript soldier
| ala, ali ||low(er), under  
  asiakirja document, record
|-
  asua live, reside
| alaikäinen ||minor, underaged  
  asuinpaikka place of residence
|-
  asukas inhabitant, resident, lodger
| alla ||under  
  asunto residence
|-
  asutuksen yleisluettelo general register of inhabitants
| allekirjoittanut ||undersigned  
  a.u. illegitimate
|-
  aukko gap (missing records)
| alue ||region, district  
  autio uninhabited
|-
  avioero divorce
| alus ||ship  
  avioliiton ulkopuolella illegitimate, out of wedlock
|-
  avioliitto marriage
| ammatti ||profession, occupation  
  avioliittoasiakirjat marriage documents
|-
  aviomies husband
| annettu ||given  
  avionrikkoja adulterer
|-
  aviopari married couple
| anoppi ||mother-in-law  
  aviopuoliso spouse
|-
  avioton unmarried, illegitimate
| appi ||father-in-law  
  aviovaimo wife
|-
| appivanhemmat ||parents-in-law  
|-
| apteekkari ||pharmacist, druggist  
|-
| arkisto ||archive  
|-
| arkistoluettelo ||archive list  
|-
| arvo ||title, rank, status  
|-
| asema ||station, class, standing  
|-
| asevelvollinen ||conscript soldier  
|-
| asiakirja ||document, record  
|-
| asua ||live, reside  
|-
| asuinpaikka ||place of residence  
|-
| asukas ||inhabitant, resident, lodger  
|-
| asunto ||residence  
|-
| asutuksen yleisluettelo ||general register of inhabitants  
|-
| a.u. ||illegitimate  
|-
| aukko ||gap (missing records)  
|-
| autio ||uninhabited  
|-
| avioero ||divorce  
|-
| avioliiton ulkopuolella ||illegitimate, out of wedlock  
|-
| avioliitto ||marriage  
|-
| avioliittoasiakirjat ||marriage documents  
|-
| aviomies ||husband  
|-
| avionrikkoja ||adulterer  
|-
| aviopari ||married couple  
|-
| aviopuoliso ||spouse  
|-
| avioton ||unmarried, illegitimate  
|-
| aviovaimo ||wife  
|-
| D||
|-
| deltiseppä ||tinner, tinsmith
|-
| E||
|-
| edellinen ||former, preceding, previous
|-
| edellämainittu ||above mentioned
|-
| edesmennyt ||deceased (adjective)
|-
| edessä ||in front of
|-
| Eesti ||Estonia
|-
| eestilänen ||Estonian
|-
| ehkä ||perhaps
|-
| ehtoo ||evening, eve
|-
| ei ||no, not
|-
| ei koskaan ||never
|-
| eilen ||yesterday
|-
| eimitään ||nothing
|-
| ei vielä ||not yet
|-
| ekäkkeellä oleva ||pensioned, retired
|-
| eli ||lived, or
|-
| elokuu ||August
|-
| eloonjäänyt ||surviving, survivor
|-
| elossa ||alive
|-
| eläke ||pension
|-
| eläkeläinen ||pensioned person
|-
| elämäkerta ||biography
|-
| elää ||to live, living, alive
|-
| ennen ||before
|-
| eno ||uncle (maternal)
|-
| ensimmäinen ||first
|-
| ent. (entinen) ||former, previous
|-
| erikoistuomioistuimia ||special court records
|-
| erilainen ||various
|-
| ero(nnut) ||divorce(d)
|-
| erotettu (kirkosta) ||excommunicated (from the church)
|-
| esi-isä ||ancestor
|-
| esikoinen ||firstborn
|-
| esivanhemmat ||ancestors
|-
| esteettömyystodistukset ||certificates attesting freedom from liability
|-
| esteetön ||free of liability, unhindered (to travel, marry, etc.)
|-
| etelä ||south
|-
| että ||that
|-
| etunimi ||given name
|-
| F||
|-
| folio ||page
|-
| H||
|-
| hakemisto ||register, index
|-
| hallitus ||government, administration
|-
| halvaus ||stroke, paralysis
|-
| hampaiden puhkeaminen ||teething
|-
| harjoittelija ||apprentice
|-
| hattumaakari ||hatmaker
|-
| hatuntekijä ||hatmaker
|-
| hauda(ta) (-ttu) ||bury, buried
|-
| hauraus ||weakness of old age
|-
| hauta ||grave
|-
| hautajaiset ||funeral
|-
| hautaus(toimitus) ||funeral
|-
| hautausmaa ||cemetery
|-
| he ||they
|-
| heidän ||their, theirs
|-
| heikkous ||weakness (of old age)
|-
| heimo ||tribe, clan, family
|-
| heinäkuu ||July
|-
| helmikuu ||February
|-
| hengenahdistus ||shortness of breath
|-
| henkikirja ||tax list, census
|-
| henkikirjoitus ||census
|-
| henkilö ||person
|-
| henkilöhakemisto ||name index
|-
| henkilötiedot ||personal data
|-
| herra ||Mr., sir
|-
| Herran ehtoollinen ||communion
|-
| herrasväki ||gentry, Mr. and Mrs.
|-
| herttua ||duke
|-
| herttuakunta ||duchy
|-
| herttuatar ||duchess
|-
| heti ||right away, immediately
|-
| hiippakunta ||diocese
|-
| hinkuyskä ||whooping cough
|-
| historia ||history
|-
| historiakirjat ||births, marriages, and deaths
|-
| holhokki ||minor person under legal guardianship
|-
| holhooja ||guardian
|-
| holhous ||guardianship
|-
| hopeaseppä ||silversmith
|-
| hovioikeus ||court of appeals
|-
| huatajaiset ||burial
|-
| huhtikuu ||April
|-
| hukkunut ||drowned, lost
|-
| huomautuksia ||remarks
|-
| huomautus ||remark
|-
| huomenna ||tomorrow
|-
| huonekalupuuseppä ||cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|-
| huora ||whore
|-
| husaari ||light cavalryman
|-
| huutolainen ||pauper receiving his sustenance from the parish
|-
| huutolaislapsi ||pauper child receiving his sustenance from the parish
|-
| hyvä ||good
|-
| hän ||he, she
|-
| hänen ||his, her, hers
|-
| hätäkaste ||emergency baptism
|-
| hääpäivä ||wedding day, date
|-
| häät ||
|-
| I||
|-
| ikä ||age
|-
| ikäkirjat ||church census
|-
| illalla ||in the evening
|-
| ilman ||without
|-
| ilmoittaa ||to declare
|-
| ilta ||evening
|-
| iltapäivä ||afternoon
|-
| iltapäivällä ||in the afternoon
|-
| inventaario ||inventory
|-
| irtolainen ||vagabond
|-
| iso ||large, big, great
|-
| iso-iso-isä ||great-grandfather
|-
| iso-iso-äiti ||great-grandmother
|-
| isoisä ||grandfather
|-
| isorokko ||smallpox
|-
| isovanhemmat ||grandparents
|-
| isoäiti ||grandmother
|-
| isä ||father
|-
| isänisä ||grandfather (paternal)
|-
| isäntä ||proprietor, host, landlord, farmer
|-
| isänäiti ||grandmother (paternal)
|-
| isäpuoli ||stepfather
|-
| isätön ||fatherless
|-
| itse ||self
|-
| itsellinen ||tenant farmer
|-
| itä ||east
|-
| iäkäs ||aged
|-
| J||
|-
| ja ||and
|-
| jalkavaimo ||concubine
|-
| jalkaväki ||infantry
|-
| johto ||administration, leadership
|-
| joka ||which, who, every
|-
| jokainen ||each, every
|-
| jokavuotuinen ||annual
|-
| joki ||river
|-
| joskus [1890] luvulla ||sometime in the [1890s]
|-
| josta ||from which
|-
| joten ||thus
|-
| joulu ||Christmas
|-
| joulukuu ||December
|-
| julistettu (kuolleeksi) ||declared (dead)
|-
| juomanpanija ||brewer
|-
| juoppous ||intoxication
|-
| jälkeen ||after
|-
| jälkeenjäänyt ||surviving, survivor, retarded
|-
| jälkeläinen ||descendant
|-
| jälkimmäinen ||latter, last
|-
| jalkinekorjaaja ||shoemaker
|-
| järvi ||lake
|-
| jäsen(enä) ||(as a) member
|-
| jäänyt ||left, remaining
|-
| K||
|-
| k. (kuollut) ||dead
|-
| kaatumatauti ||epilepsy
|-
| kado(ta) (-nnut) ||lose, lost
|-
| kahdeksan ||eight
|-
| kahdeksantoista ||eighteen
|-
| kahdeksas ||eighth
|-
| kahdeksastoista ||eighteenth
|-
| kahdeskymmenes ||twentieth
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-ensimmäinen ||twenty-first
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-kahdeksas ||twenty-eighth
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-kolmas ||twenty-third
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-kuudes ||twenty-sixth
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-neljäs ||twenty-fourth
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-seitemäs ||twenty-seventh
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-toinen ||twenty-second
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-viides ||twenty-fifth
|-
| kahdeskymmenes-yhdeksäs ||twenty-ninth
|-
| kahdestoista ||twelfth
|-
| kaikki ||all
|-
| kaima ||namesake
|-
| kaivos ||mine
|-
| kaivostyöläinen ||miner
|-
| kaksi ||two
|-
| kaksikymmentä ||twenty
|-
| kaksikymmentä-kahdeksan ||twenty-eight
|-
| kaksikymmentä-kaksi ||twenty-two
|-
| kaksikymmentä-kolme ||twenty-three
|-
| kaksikymmentä-kuusi ||twenty-six
|-
| kaksikymmentä-neljä ||twenty-four
|-
| kaksikymmentä-seitsemän ||twenty-seven
|-
| kaksikymmentä-viisi ||twenty-five
|-
| kaksikymmentä-yhdeksän ||twenty-nine
|-
| kaksikymmentä-yksi ||twenty-one
|-
| kaksitoista ||twelve
|-
| kakso(nen) (-set) ||twin(s)
|-
| kaksoiskappale ||duplicate record
|-
| kalastaja ||fisherman
|-
| kallio ||hill
|-
| kalustoluettelo ||inventory
|-
| kankuri ||weaver
|-
| kansa ||people
|-
| kansalainen ||citizen
|-
| Kansallisarkisto ||state archives
|-
| kansallisuus ||nationality
|-
| kanssa ||with
|-
| kantaisä ||male progenitor
|-
| kantaäiti ||female progenitor
|-
| kantoluettelot ||tax assessment rolls
|-
| kappalainen ||assistant minister
|-
| kappeli ||chapel
|-
| kara(ta) (-nnut) ||to run away
|-
| karjakko ||milkmaid
|-
| karjapaimen ||herdsman
|-
| karkuri ||runaway, fugitive, deserter
|-
| kartano ||manorial estate
|-
| kartta ||map
|-
| kastamaton ||unbaptized
|-
| kaste ||christening, baptism
|-
| kastekirja ||record of baptisms
|-
| kastenimi ||given name
|-
| kastettu(t) ||baptized, (births)
|-
| kasvain ||tumor
|-
| kasvatti(lapsi) ||foster child
|-
| kasvattivanhemmat ||foster parents
|-
| katselmuspöytäkirjat ||visitations
|-
| katu ||street
|-
| kauppala ||country town
|-
| kauppias ||shopkeeper, merchant
|-
| kaupunki ||city, town
|-
| kautta ||via
|-
| keisari ||emperor, czar
|-
| keisarillinen ||imperial
|-
| kelloseppä ||watchmaker
|-
| keltatauti ||jaundice
|-
| kerjäläinen ||beggar
|-
| kerta ||times
|-
| keskellä ||in the middle
|-
| keskenmeno ||miscarriage
|-
| keskipäivä ||noon, midday
|-
| keskiviikko ||Wednesday
|-
| keskiyö ||midnight
|-
| keskonen ||prematurely born child
|-
| kesä ||summer
|-
| kesäkuu ||June
|-
| keuhkotauti ||consumption, tuberculosis
|-
| kevät ||spring
|-
| kieli ||language, tongue
|-
| kihlakunnanoikeus ||rural district court
|-
| kihlakunta ||rural civil district
|-
| kihlattu ||engaged, betrothed
|-
| kihlaus ||engagement
|-
| kihlkeuhkotulehdus ||pneumonia
|-
| kihti ||gout
|-
| kilometri ||kilometer
|-
| kinkeriasiakirjat ||catechetical meeting records
|-
| kinkerit ||catechetical meeting, household examination
|-
| kirja ||book, register
|-
| kirjaaja ||register
|-
| kirjannitoja ||bookbinder
|-
| kirjanpitäjä ||bookkeeper
|-
| kirjasto ||library
|-
| kirje(et) ||letter(s)
|-
| kirjeenkantaja ||mailman
|-
| kirjekirjat ||correspondence, letters
|-
| kirjuri ||clerk, scribe
|-
| kirkko ||church
|-
| kirkkoherra ||minister, priest
|-
| kirkkoherranvirasto ||office of the parish minister
|-
| kirkon asiakirjat ||records regarding the church building
|-
| kirkonkirja ||parish register
|-
| kirvesmies ||carpenter
|-
| kisälli ||journeyman
|-
| kohtaus ||seizures, illness
|-
| kolera ||cholera
|-
| kolmas ||third
|-
| kolmaskymmenes ||thirtieth
|-
| kolmaskymmenes-ensimmäinen ||thirty-first
|-
| kolmastoista ||thirteenth
|-
| kolme ||three
|-
| kolmekymmentä ||thirty
|-
| kolmekymmentä-yksi ||thirty-one
|-
| kolmetoista ||thirteen
|-
| kolmoset ||triplets
|-
| koneenkäyttäjä ||machinist
|-
| korkea ||high
|-
| korkea ikä ||old (high) age
|-
| korkein oikeus ||supreme court
|-
| kortisto ||card index
|-
| kortteli ||block
|-
| koska ||when, because of
|-
| kot(i) (-ona) ||(at) home
|-
| kotimaa ||homeland, native land
|-
| kotipaikka ||residence
|-
| kotirouva ||housewife
|-
| koulu ||school
|-
| kouluasiakirjat ||school documents
|-
| kouristus ||convulsions, cramps
|-
| kramppi ||cramps, convulsions
|-
| kreikkalaiskatolinen ||(Eastern) Orthodox
|-
| kreivi ||count (earl)
|-
| krenatööri ||infantryman, grenadier
|-
| kristinoppi ||(knowledge of) Christian doctrine
|-
| kruunu ||crown, state, government
|-
| kuin ||as
|-
| kuinka ||how
|-
| kuka ||who
|-
| kulkuri ||vagabond
|-
| kulkutauti ||epidemic
|-
| kultaseppä ||goldsmith
|-
| kuluva ||current
|-
| kummi(t) ||sponsor(s), godmother, godfather
|-
| kun(ta) (-nat) ||parish(es), commune(s)
|-
| kuningas ||king
|-
| kuningaskunta ||kingdom
|-
| kuningatar ||queen
|-
| kuninkaallinen ||royal
|-
| kunniallinen ||honest
|-
| kunta ||municipality
|-
| kuolema ||death
|-
| kuoli ||died
|-
| kuoli ilman perillisiä ||died without issue
|-
| kuolinilmoitus ||obituary
|-
| kuolinpesä ||death estate
|-
| kuolinsyy ||cause of death
|-
| kuolintoclistus ||death certificate
|-
| kuolleena syntynyt ||stillborn
|-
| kuolleet ||deaths, death records
|-
| kuollut ||dead, died
|-
| kuppa ||syphilis
|-
| kurkkumätä ||diphtheria
|-
| kuski ||coachman
|-
| kuten ||as
|-
| kutsu(a) (-ttu) ||call(ed)
|-
| kuudes ||sixth
|-
| kuudestoista ||sixteenth
|-
| kuukausi ||month
|-
| kuulustelu ||examination
|-
| kuulutetut ||banns, marriage intentions
|-
| kuume ||fever
|-
| kuuro(mykkä) ||deaf (and dumb)
|-
| kuusi ||six
|-
| kuusitoista ||sixteen
|-
| kylä ||village
|-
| kymmenen ||ten
|-
| kymmenes ||tenth
|-
| käly ||sister-in-law
|-
| käräjäkunta ||primary rural judicial district, assize division
|-
| käräjät ||local court, assizes
|-
| käsikirja ||manual
|-
| käsityöläinen ||artisan
|-
| kätilö ||midwife
|-
| käytös ||conduct
|-
| kääntymys ||conversion
|-
| köyhä ||poor
|-
| köyhäinhoitoasiakirjat ||poor relief records
|-
| köyhäintalo ||poorhouse
|-
| köyhien luettelot ||poor relief records
|-
| L||
|-
| laakso ||valley
|-
| laamanni(n)oikeus ||lower court of appeal
|-
| lahja ||gift, donation
|-
| lahjoitus ||donations
|-
| laillinen ||legal, legitimate
|-
| laiskanlukijat ||list of slow readers
|-
| laiva ||boat
|-
| laki ||law
|-
| lamp. (lampuoti) ||tenant farmer
|-
| lanko ||brother-in-law
|-
| lap(si) (-set) ||child(ren)
|-
| lapsenlapsi ||grandchild
|-
| lapseton ||childless
|-
| lapsihalvaus ||polio
|-
| lasinleikkaaja ||glass cutter, glazier
|-
| lastenkirjat ||preconfirmation roll
|-
| lastenkoti ||orphanage
|-
| Latvia ||Latvia
|-
| Latvialainen ||Latvian
|-
| lauantai ||Saturday
|-
| lautamies ||juror
|-
| lavantauti ||typhoid fever
|-
| leipuri ||baker
|-
| leski ||widow, widower
|-
| levyseppä ||sheet metal worker
|-
| Liettua ||Lithuania
|-
| liettualainen ||Lithuanian
|-
| linna ||castle, jail
|-
| lki. (leski) ||widow, widower
|-
| loinen ||dependent lodger
|-
| lois. ||dependent lodger
|-
| lokakuu ||October
|-
| luettelo ||list, index, directory
|-
| lukkari ||cantor, parish clerk
|-
| luku ||number
|-
| lukutaito ||ability to read, literacy
|-
| lunastus ||fee
|-
| luona ||at
|-
| luonnollinen kuolema ||natural death
|-
| luostari ||monastery
|-
| lupa ||permission
|-
| luterilainen ||Lutheran
|-
| luumätä ||caries
|-
| lähellä ||near
|-
| lähtenyt ||departed
|-
| länsi ||west
|-
| läpi ||through
|-
| läsnä ||present
|-
| läsnäolo ||presence
|-
| lääkäri ||physician
|-
| lääni ||county
|-
| lääninhallitus ||county government
|-
| löytölapsi ||foundling
|-
| M||
|-
| maa ||land, country, earth
|-
| maakirja ||land record
|-
| maakunta ||province
|-
| maakunta-arkisto ||provincial archives
|-
| maalaiskunta ||rural parish near a city
|-
| maalari ||painter
|-
| maaliskuu ||March
|-
| maanantai ||Monday
|-
| maanjako-oikeuden asiakirjat ||documents of parcelling of land
|-
| maanmittari ||surveyor
|-
| maanviljelijä ||farmer
|-
| maasta muuttanut ||emigrated
|-
| maattu nainen ||woman who has had illicit relations
|-
| maine(todistus) ||(certificate of) character
|-
| mainittu ||said, stated
|-
| maistraatti ||city administration, magistrate
|-
| majatalo ||inn
|-
| makkarantekijä ||sausage maker
|-
| maksatauti ||liver disease
|-
| manttaali ||assessment unit of land
|-
| manttaaliluettelo ||tax list, census
|-
| marraskuu ||November
|-
| matruusi ||sailor
|-
| me ||we
|-
| meidan ||our, ours
|-
| mekaanikko ||machinist
|-
| mennyt(aika) ||the past
|-
| meri ||sea
|-
| merimies ||sailor
|-
| merkintä ||entry, remark
|-
| merkitty ||entered, noted
|-
| mestari ||master, expert
|-
| metsä ||forest
|-
| metsänhoitaja ||forester
|-
| metsästäjä ||hunter
|-
| miehistö ||crew
|-
| mies ||man, husband
|-
| miespuolinen ||male
|-
| miilunpolttaja ||charcoal burner
|-
| miksi ||why
|-
| mikä ||what, which
|-
| miniä ||daughter-in-law
|-
| minun ||my, mine
|-
| minuutti ||minute
|-
| minä ||I
|-
| missä ||where
|-
| mitätön ||minor, insignificant
|-
| m.n. (maattu nainen) ||woman who has had illicit relations
|-
| molemmat ||both
|-
| molempien ||belonging to both
|-
| monenlainen ||various
|-
| morsiain ||bride, fiancée
|-
| morsiuspari ||bridal couple
|-
| muistiinpano ||record, note, entry
|-
| mummo ||grandmother
|-
| muonamies ||farmworker receiving wages in commodities
|-
| murha(ttu) ||murder(ed)
|-
| mutta ||but
|-
| muurari ||mason, bricklayer
|-
| muut asiakirjat ||miscellaneous documents
|-
| muutt(i) (-anut) ||moved
|-
| muuttaneet ||moving record
|-
| muuttokirja ||certificate of moving
|-
| mylly ||mill
|-
| mylläri ||miller
|-
| myrkytys ||poisoning
|-
| myöhäinen ||late (p.m.)
|-
| myös(kin) ||also
|-
| mäkitupalainen ||cottager
|-
| mökki ||cottage
|-
| N||
|-
| naapuri ||neighbor
|-
| nahkuri ||tanner
|-
| naida ||to marry
|-
| naimaton ||single, unmarried
|-
| naimattomana ||unmarried (at the given time)
|-
| naimisissa ||married
|-
| nainen ||woman
|-
| naispuolinen ||female
|-
| neiti ||Miss
|-
| neitsyt ||virgin
|-
| neljä ||four
|-
| neljäs ||fourth
|-
| neljästoista ||fourteenth
|-
| neljätoista ||fourteen
|-
| nikkari ||carpenter
|-
| nimi ||name
|-
| nimismies ||rural police chief
|-
| noin ||approximately
|-
| Norja ||Norway
|-
| norjalainen ||Norwegian
|-
| notariaatti ||notary
|-
| numero ||number
|-
| nuo ||those
|-
| nuohooja ||chimney sweeper
|-
| nuorempi ||(the) younger
|-
| nuori(n) ||young(est)
|-
| nuorimies ||youth, unmarried man, bachelor
|-
| nuoripiika ||maid, unmarried woman
|-
| nuoripoika ||youth, unmarried man, bachelor
|-
| nuorukainen ||young man
|-
| nykyinen ||present, current
|-
| nälkä ||hunger
|-
| O||
|-
| oikea ||right (direction)
|-
| oikeus ||right, court
|-
| oli ||was
|-
| olivat ||were
|-
| olla ||to be
|-
| olosuhteet ||circumstances
|-
| oluenpanija ||brewer
|-
| oma ||own (adjective)
|-
| omaa sukua ||maiden name, née
|-
| omainen ||relative
|-
| omaisuus ||property
|-
| omistaa ||to have, to own
|-
| omistaja ||owner
|-
| on ||is
|-
| opettaja ||teacher
|-
| opiskelija ||student (at university)
|-
| oppilas ||student (grades 1 to 12), apprentice
|-
| orpo ||orphan
|-
| ortodoksi ||orthodox
|-
| o.s. (omaa sukua) ||maiden name, née
|-
| osa ||volume, part
|-
| osoitehakemisto ||directory
|-
| ote ||extract
|-
| ottolapsi ||adopted child
|-
| ottovanhemmat ||adoptive parents
|-
| ovat ||are
|-
| P||
|-
| paikka(kunta) ||place, locality
|-
| paikkakuntahakemisto ||gazetteer
|-
| paitatehtailija ||shirt maker, shirt manufacturer
|-
| pakolainen ||refugee, fugitive
|-
| palo ||fire
|-
| palvelija ||servant
|-
| palvelu(s) ||service
|-
| papintodistus ||official certificate of birth, marriage, or death
|-
| pappi ||clergyman, priest
|-
| pappila ||rectory, parsonage
|-
| pappilan asiakirjat ||records of the parsonage
|-
| pastori ||pastor
|-
| pastorinkanslia ||office of the parish minister
|-
| peltiseppä ||tinner, tinsmith
|-
| penkkijärjestys ||pew lists
|-
| perhe ||family
|-
| perhehistoria ||family history
|-
| perheluettelo ||family register
|-
| perikunta ||the heirs
|-
| perillinen ||heir
|-
| perinnönjako ||distribution of an inheritance
|-
| perintö ||inheritance
|-
| perintötila ||family (or inherited) estate
|-
| perjantai ||Friday
|-
| peru(n)kirjat ||private inventories of the deceased\'s property
|-
| perunjakokirjat ||private inventories of the deceased\'s property
|-
| perunkirjoitus ||estate inventory, probate
|-
| pieni ||little, small
|-
| piika ||maid, unmarried woman
|-
| pikkulapsi ||infant
|-
| pikkuserkku ||second cousin
|-
| pitäjä(läinen) ||parish(ioner)
|-
| pitäjänkokousten pöytäkirjat ||minutes of parochial meetings
|-
| pohjoi(s-) (-nen) ||north
|-
| poika ||boy, son
|-
| poikamies ||bachelor
|-
| pois ||away
|-
| poismennyt ||deceased (adjective)
|-
| pojan poika ||grandson, son\'s son
|-
| pojan tytär ||granddaughter, son\'s daughter
|-
| polveutua ||descend from
|-
| pormestari ||mayor
|-
| porvari ||burgher, tradesman, middle class citizen
|-
| posteljooni ||mailman
|-
| preussilainen ||Prussian
|-
| prinsessa ||princess
|-
| prinssi ||prince
|-
| protestantti ||protestant
|-
| punainen ||red
|-
| punatauti ||dysentery
|-
| puolalainen ||Polish (of Poland)
|-
| puolenpäivän aikaan ||at noon
|-
| -puoli (ending) ||step, half
|-
| puoliso ||spouse
|-
| pursimies ||boatswain
|-
| puuseppä ||carpenter, joiner
|-
| puutarhuri ||gardener
|-
| pyhä ||holy, sacred, saint
|-
| pyhäkoululapset ||list of Sunday School children
|-
| päin ||toward
|-
| päivä(nä) ||day
|-
| päivämäärä ||date
|-
| päivätyöläinen ||day laborer
|-
| pääkirja ||communion book
|-
| pääsiäinen ||Easter
|-
| pöytäkirja ||minutes
|-
| R||
|-
| raastu(pa) (-vanoikeus) ||city court
|-
| raatihuone ||town hall
|-
| raatimies ||council man, municipal judge
|-
| raha(määrä) ||money (sum of)
|-
| rahvas ||people, peasantry
|-
| raja ||border
|-
| rakastajatar ||concubine
|-
| rakennusmestari ||contractor, builder
|-
| rakuuna ||light cavalryman
|-
| rampa ||crippled
|-
| raskaana ||pregnant
|-
| ratsumestari ||cavalry captain
|-
| ratsumies ||cavalryman
|-
| ratsutilallinen ||holder of farm obliged to furnish a cavalryman
|-
| ratsuväki ||cavalry(men)
|-
| rautaseppä ||iron smith
|-
| rautatie ||railroad
|-
| rehellinen ||honest
|-
| rekisteri ||register, index
|-
| renki ||youth, unmarried man, farmhand
|-
| rikollinen ||criminal
|-
| rikos(luettelo) ||misdemeanor (list)
|-
| ripitysluettelo ||absolution list
|-
| rippikirja ||communion book
|-
| rippilapset ||confirmations
|-
| ripuli ||diarrhea
|-
| risti(ä) (-itty) ||baptize(d)
|-
| ristimäaika ||baptism date
|-
| ristimänimi ||Christian name, first name
|-
| ritari ||knight
|-
| rokko ||(small) pox
|-
| rokotetut ||vaccinations
|-
| rouva ||Mrs., wife
|-
| rovasti(kunta) ||dean(ery)
|-
| ruhtinaskunta ||principality
|-
| rulla ||record, roll
|-
| rumpali ||drummer
|-
| ruokamyrkytys ||food poisoning
|-
| ruotsalainen ||Swede, Swedish
|-
| Ruotsi ||Sweden
|-
| ruotu ||district maintaining a foot soldier
|-
| ruotusotilas ||foot soldier
|-
| ruotuvaivainen ||pauper, dependent on the \"ruotu\"
|-
| rusthollari ||holder of farm obliged to furnish a cavalryman
|-
| rutto ||plague
|-
| ruukki ||foundry, mill, industry
|-
| ruumis ||corpse
|-
| rykmentti ||regiment
|-
| rälssi ||tax exempt, nobility
|-
| rälssitila ||tax exempt farm
|-
| räätäli ||tailor
|-
| S||
|-
| s. (syntynyt) ||born
|-
| saapuneet ||arrived, moved in
|-
| saapuneet asiakirjat ||correspondence, letters
|-
| saapunut ||arrived
|-
| saha ||sawmill
|-
| sairas ||sick (person)
|-
| sairaus ||sickness
|-
| sakkoluettelot ||lists of fines
|-
| saksalainen ||German
|-
| sama ||same
|-
| sanakirja ||dictionary
|-
| sanomalehti ||newspaper
|-
| sanottu ||said, stated
|-
| satulantekijä ||saddle maker
|-
| savenvalaja ||potter
|-
| se ||it
|-
| seitsemän ||seven
|-
| seitsemäntoista ||seventeen
|-
| seitsemäs ||seventh
|-
| seitsemästoista ||seventeenth
|-
| sekä ||and, also
|-
| sen ||its
|-
| seppä ||smith
|-
| seppä ||blacksmith
|-
| serkku ||cousin
|-
| setä ||uncle (paternal)
|-
| seura ||society (genealogical)
|-
| seuraava ||next
|-
| seurakunta ||parish
|-
| seutu ||region, vicinity
|-
| siellä ||there
|-
| siirtolainen ||emigrant, immigrant
|-
| siirtolaisrekisteri ||emigration records
|-
| siirtolaisuus ||immigration
|-
| siirtolaisuus ||emigration
|-
| sikotauti ||mumps
|-
| sikäläinen ||of that place
|-
| silta ||bridge
|-
| sinun ||your, yours (singular)
|-
| sinä ||you (singular)
|-
| sisar ||sister
|-
| sisarenpoika ||nephew, sister\'s son
|-
| sisarentytär ||niece, sister\'s daughter
|-
| sisarpuoli ||half-sister, stepsister
|-
| sisarukset ||siblings
|-
| sisko ||sister
|-
| sisäinen ||inside
|-
| sisällysluettelo ||register, index
|-
| sisältö ||contents
|-
| siviilirekisteri ||civil registration
|-
| sivu ||page
|-
| sokea ||blind
|-
| sokeritauti ||diabetes
|-
| sorvari ||turner
|-
| sota ||war
|-
| sotamies ||soldier
|-
| sotaväki ||troops, army
|-
| sotilas ||soldier, military
|-
| suku ||family
|-
| sukua(olla) ||related
|-
| sukukirjat ||lineage books
|-
| sukulainen ||relative
|-
| sukulaisuus ||relationship
|-
| sukunimi ||surname
|-
| sukupolvi ||generation
|-
| sukupuoli ||sex
|-
| sukupuolitauti ||venereal disease
|-
| sukupuu ||family tree, pedigree
|-
| sukuselvitys ||report of family relationships
|-
| sukutaulu ||genealogical table
|-
| sukutiede ||genealogy
|-
| sukututkimus ||genealogical research
|-
| sukututkimusseura ||genealogical society
|-
| sulhanen ||bridegroom, fiancé
|-
| sunnuntai ||Sunday
|-
| suomalainen ||Finnish
|-
| Suomi ||Finland
|-
| suorittaa ||perform
|-
| suostumus ||consent
|-
| suuri ||big, great
|-
| suutari ||shoemaker
|-
| sydänvika ||heart trouble
|-
| syksy ||autumn
|-
| sylilapsi ||baby, infant
|-
| synnytys ||childbirth
|-
| syntymä ||birth
|-
| syntymäaika ||date of birth
|-
| syntymäpaikka ||place of birth
|-
| syntymätodistus ||birth certificate
|-
| syntyneet ||births, birth records
|-
| syntynyt ||born, maiden surname
|-
| syyskuu ||September
|-
| syytinki ||allowance, person receiving allowance
|-
| syöpä ||cancer
|-
| säteri ||tax exempt estate
|-
| sääty(läinen) ||station, class, standing (person of)
|-
| T||
|-
| tahtoa ||to want
|-
| tai ||or
|-
| taiteilija ||artist
|-
| takana ||behind
|-
| talo ||house
|-
| talollinen ||farmer
|-
| talonpoika ||peasant farmer
|-
| talous ||household
|-
| talousapulainen ||housemaid
|-
| talvi ||winter
|-
| tammikuu ||January
|-
| tap(po) (-ettu) ||murder(ed)
|-
| tapaturma ||accident
|-
| tarkastuspöytäkirjat ||visitations
|-
| taulu(kko) ||table, chart
|-
| tauti ||disease
|-
| te ||you (plural)
|-
| tehdas ||factory
|-
| teidan ||your, yours (plural)
|-
| testamentti ||will, testament
|-
| teurastaja ||butcher
|-
| tie ||road
|-
| tiedottaja ||informant
|-
| tiilentekijä ||brickmaker
|-
| tiistai ||Tuesday
|-
| tila ||house, farm
|-
| tilallinen ||farm owner
|-
| tilikirjat ||record of accounts
|-
| titattomat ||landless population
|-
| todistaja ||witness
|-
| todistus ||certificate, evidence
|-
| toimeentulo ||livelihood
|-
| toimi ||occupation
|-
| toimittaa ||perform
|-
| toinen ||other, second
|-
| toisella nimellä ||alias, a.k.a.
|-
| -ton (ending) ||without, not
|-
| tontti ||parcel
|-
| tori ||market
|-
| torppari ||crofter, tenant farmer
|-
| torstai ||Thursday
|-
| toukokuu ||May
|-
| tsaari ||czar
|-
| tuhkarokko ||measles
|-
| tulehdus ||inflammation
|-
| tulipalo ||fire
|-
| tulirokko ||scarlet fever
|-
| tulli ||customs
|-
| tullut (+ -sta or -lta) ||came (from)
|-
| tuntematon ||unknown
|-
| tunti ||hour
|-
| tuomari ||judge
|-
| tuomio ||judgment
|-
| tuomioistuin ||court
|-
| tuomiokirkko ||cathedral
|-
| tuomiokunta ||judicial district
|-
| tupa ||cottage, house
|-
| turvotus ||swelling, edema
|-
| tynnyrintekijä ||cooper, barrel maker
|-
| tyttären poika ||grandson, daughter\'s son
|-
| tyttären tytär ||granddaughter, daughter\'s daughter
|-
| tyttö ||girl, daughter
|-
| tytär ||daughter
|-
| työläinen ||laborer
|-
| työmies ||laborer
|-
| työntekijä ||laborer
|-
| täkäläinen ||of this place
|-
| tällä paikkakunnalla ||in this place
|-
| tämä ||this
|-
| tämä paikka ||this place
|-
| tänään ||today
|-
| täti ||aunt
|-
| täysi-ikäinen ||of legal age
|-
| täällä ||here
|-
| U||
|-
| ukko ||old man
|-
| ulko ||outer
|-
| ulkoluku ||reciting from memory
|-
| ulkomaalainen ||foreign, strange
|-
| ummetus ||constipation
|-
| usein ||often
|-
| uskonto ||religious affiliation
|-
| uudisasukas ||settler
|-
| uusi ||new
|-
| V||
|-
| v. (vihitty) ||married
|-
| vaakuna ||coat of arms
|-
| vaakunaoppi ||heraldry
|-
| vaari ||grandfather
|-
| vahtimestari ||caretaker
|-
| vaimo ||wife, married women
|-
| vainaja ||deceased, (the) late
|-
| vaivainen ||poor, sickly
|-
| vaivaisrahat ||poor relief accounts
|-
| vaivaisruodut ||poor relief records
|-
| vaivaistalo ||poorhouse
|-
| vajaamielinen ||mentally defective
|-
| vakituinen ||permanent, regular
|-
| valokuvaaja ||photographer
|-
| valtakunta ||state, empire
|-
| valtio ||state
|-
| Valtionarkisto ||state archives
|-
| valuri ||foundry worker
|-
| vanha ||old
|-
| vanhapoika ||bachelor
|-
| vanhemmat ||parents
|-
| vanhempi ||(the) older
|-
| vanhin ||oldest, elder
|-
| vanhus ||old person
|-
| vanhuus ||old age
|-
| vanki ||prisoner
|-
| vankila ||prison
|-
| vapaa ||free
|-
| vapaaherra(tar) ||baron(ess)
|-
| vapaasääty ||nobility
|-
| varas ||thief
|-
| varkaus ||theft
|-
| varrella ||by, at side
|-
| varten ||for the purpose of
|-
| vartia ||warden
|-
| vasen ||left (direction)
|-
| vaskiseppä ||coppersmith
|-
| vastaanotettu ||received
|-
| vastanainut ||newlywed
|-
| vastasyntynyt ||newborn
|-
| vasten ||against
|-
| vatsatauti ||stomach disease
|-
| vauva ||baby
|-
| vauva(na) ||(as an) infant
|-
| veli ||brother
|-
| velipuoli ||half-brother
|-
| veljenpoika ||nephew, brother\'s son
|-
| veljentytär ||niece, brother\'s daughter
|-
| velka ||debt
|-
| Venäjä ||Russia
|-
| venäläinen ||Russian
|-
| verensyöksy ||hemorrhage
|-
| verenvuoto ||hemorrhage
|-
| veritulppa ||blood clot
|-
| vero ||tax
|-
| verotus ||taxation
|-
| vesipöhö ||dropsy, edema
|-
| vesirokko ||chicken pox
|-
| vielä ||still
|-
| vieras(seurakuntalainen) ||guest, person not of a given parish
|-
| vierasseurakuntalaisten historiakirjat||registers of members of other parishes
|-
| vihityt ||marriages, marriage records
|-
| vihkiminen ||marriage (ceremony)
|-
| vihkimäsopimus ||marriage contract
|-
| vihkimätodistus ||marriage certificate
|-
| vihreä ||green
|-
| viides ||fifth
|-
| viidestoista ||fifteenth
|-
| viikko ||week
|-
| viime ||last, past
|-
| viisi ||five
|-
| viisitoista ||fifteen
|-
| virasta eronnut ||retired
|-
| virasto ||office, department
|-
| virka ||office, position, occupation
|-
| virkaa tekevä ||officiating, deputy
|-
| virkamies ||public official
|-
| virkatodistus ||official certificate (of birth, marriage, or death)
|-
| Viro ||Estonia
|-
| virolainen ||Estonian
|-
| vouti ||bailiff, overseer (historical governor)
|-
| v.t. (virkaa tekevä) ||officiating, deputy
|-
| vuoden ikäinen ||years of age
|-
| vuokralainen ||lodger
|-
| vuori ||mountain
|-
| vuorokausi ||twenty-four hours
|-
| vuosi ||year
|-
| vuosi(päiva) (-juhla) ||anniversary
|-
| vuosikymmen ||decade, decennial
|-
| vuosisata ||century
|-
| vuosittain(en) ||yearly
|-
| vuotias ||years old
|-
| väestö(rekisteri) ||population (registry)
|-
| väestönlaskenta ||census
|-
| väki ||people, folk, crew, forces
|-
| väliaikainen ||temporary
|-
| välillä ||between
|-
| välittömästi ||immediately, direct
|-
| värjääja ||dyer
|-
| vävy ||son-in-law
|-
| Y||
|-
| yhdeksän ||nine
|-
| yhdeksäntoista ||nineteen
|-
| yhdeksäs ||ninth
|-
| yhdeksästoista ||nineteenth
|-
| yhdestoista ||eleventh
|-
| yhteinen ||together, belonging to both
|-
| yhteiskunta ||community
|-
| yksi ||one
|-
| yksitoista ||eleven
|-
| yleinen ||general, common
|-
| yli, ylä ||over, upper, ended
|-
| ylkä ||bridegroom
|-
| ylä ||upper
|-
| ympärillä ||around
|-
| yskä ||cough (noun)
|-
| ystävä ||friend
|-
| yö ||night
|-
| Ä||
|-
| äidinisä ||grandfather (maternal)
|-
| äidinäiti ||grandmother (maternal)
|-
| äiditön ||motherless
|-
| äiti ||mother
|-
| äitipuoli ||stepmother
|-
| äpärä ||illegitimate child
|-
|
|}


[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Finland]]
MorrisGF
28,128

edits

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