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The '''Oregon Trail''' went from western [[Missouri, United States Genealogy|Missouri]] across the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Plains Great Plains] into the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountains Rocky Mountains] to Oregon City, Oregon. It was most heavily used in the 1840s, 1850s, and 1860s. It was the longest historic overland migration trail in North America. The length of the wagon trail from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_River Missouri River] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willamette_Valley Willamette Valley] was about 2,000 miles (3,200 km). It normally took four to six months to traverse the length of the Oregon Trail with wagons pulled by oxen. About 80,000 pioneers used it to reach Oregon, and about 20,000 to Washington before the transcontinental railroad in 1869.<ref name="OrTr">Wikipedia contributors, "Oregon Trail" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Trail (accessed 12 July 2012).</ref> | The '''Oregon Trail''' went from western [[Missouri, United States Genealogy|Missouri]] across the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Plains Great Plains] into the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountains Rocky Mountains] to Oregon City, Oregon. It was most heavily used in the 1840s, 1850s, and 1860s. It was the longest historic overland migration trail in North America. The length of the wagon trail from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_River Missouri River] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willamette_Valley Willamette Valley] was about 2,000 miles (3,200 km). It normally took four to six months to traverse the length of the Oregon Trail with wagons pulled by oxen. About 80,000 pioneers used it to reach Oregon, and about 20,000 to Washington before the transcontinental railroad in 1869.<ref name="OrTr">Wikipedia contributors, "Oregon Trail" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Trail (accessed 12 July 2012).</ref> | ||
* | *{{FSC|81588|item|disp=William Adrian Bowen. ''The Willamette Valley: migration and settlement on the Oregon frontier.'' Seattle,Washington: University of Washington Press, 1978. FS Library 979.53 X4b}} | ||
* | *{{FSC|148227|item|disp=Howard McKinley Corning. ''Willamette landings, ghost towns of the river.'' Portland, Oregon: Binford & Mort.,1947 FS Library 979.53 H2c}} | ||
* | *{{FSC|144248|item|disp=Clifford Merrill Drury. ''Marcus and Narcissa Whitman and the opening of old Oregon Marcus and Narcissa Whitman and the opening of old Oregon.'' 2 volumes. Glendale, California : Arthur H. Clark, 1973. FS Library 979.5 H2dc}} | ||
* | *{{FSC|169850|item|disp=Clifford Merrill Drury.''First white women over the Rockies : diaries, letters and biographical sketches of the six women of the Oregon Mission who made the overland journey in 1836 and 1838.'' 2 volumes.Glendale, California : A.H. Clark Co., 1963. FS Library 978 H2nh}} | ||
== Records and Lists of Settlers == | == Records and Lists of Settlers == | ||
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*''Oregon Trail Sources, Queries & Reviews.'' by Rose Caudle Terry. 6 volumes. Marysville,Washington: Family Publications, 1993 - {{FSC|646632|item|FS Library book 973 D25ot}} | *''Oregon Trail Sources, Queries & Reviews.'' by Rose Caudle Terry. 6 volumes. Marysville,Washington: Family Publications, 1993 - {{FSC|646632|item|FS Library book 973 D25ot}} | ||
*''Oregon trail family research requests of those pioneers and their descendants seeking information : contents include requests from those searching plus full index of names.'' by Linn Genealogical Society. 6 volumes. Albany, Oregon: Linn Genealogical Society, 1993? {{FSC|1130142|item|FS Library 979.535 D2L v. 1-6}} | *''Oregon trail family research requests of those pioneers and their descendants seeking information : contents include requests from those searching plus full index of names.'' by Linn Genealogical Society. 6 volumes. Albany, Oregon: Linn Genealogical Society, 1993? {{FSC|1130142|item|FS Library 979.535 D2L v. 1-6}} | ||
* | *{{FSC|3428014|item|disp=James R. Evans with Bert Webber, ''Flagstaff Hill on the national historic Oregon Trail, Baker City, Oregon : an interpretive guide.'' Medford, Oregon : Webb Research Group, ©1992}} | ||
*Oregon Land Records - Provisional-government records. Oregon's provisional government was established in the spring of 1843. Inhabitants were permitted to stake out claims and survey them by the metes and bounds method. Over 4,000 claims were made. When Congress established the Territory of Oregon in 1848, that system ended. The provisional claims have been abstracted and published by the Genealogical Forum of Oregon. | *Oregon Land Records - Provisional-government records. Oregon's provisional government was established in the spring of 1843. Inhabitants were permitted to stake out claims and survey them by the metes and bounds method. Over 4,000 claims were made. When Congress established the Territory of Oregon in 1848, that system ended. The provisional claims have been abstracted and published by the Genealogical Forum of Oregon. | ||
*"Some Emigrants to Oregon, Trail, June 1844." National Genealogical Society Quarterly 67 (June 1979): 141-142. | *"Some Emigrants to Oregon, Trail, June 1844." National Genealogical Society Quarterly 67 (June 1979): 141-142. | ||
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'''The federal Donation Act of 1850''' encouraged settlement of Oregon Territory by granting 320 acres to white male citizens, or those who intended to become citizens, who settled on the land prior to 1 December 1850. Wives were eligible for an additional 320 acres. White male citizens who arrived between 1 December 1850 and 1 December 1853 could apply for 160 acres, with wives receiving an equivalent amount. The act further provided for similar grants to those of mixed Indian-white parentage who were already in the territory; and it required settlers who had staked claims previously to refile them. Amendments in 1853 and 1854 cut the residency-cultivation requirement in half and extended the filing date to April 1855 | '''The federal Donation Act of 1850''' encouraged settlement of Oregon Territory by granting 320 acres to white male citizens, or those who intended to become citizens, who settled on the land prior to 1 December 1850. Wives were eligible for an additional 320 acres. White male citizens who arrived between 1 December 1850 and 1 December 1853 could apply for 160 acres, with wives receiving an equivalent amount. The act further provided for similar grants to those of mixed Indian-white parentage who were already in the territory; and it required settlers who had staked claims previously to refile them. Amendments in 1853 and 1854 cut the residency-cultivation requirement in half and extended the filing date to April 1855 | ||
* | *{{FSC|1852047|item|disp=David C. Duniway. Genealogical Material in Oregon Donation Land Claims: abstracted from applications. 5 volumes. Portland,Oregon: Genealogical Forum of Portland, 1957-1975. FS Library 975.R2gfpo}} | ||
* | *{{FSC|217794|item|disp=Oregon State Archives, comp. Index to Oregon Donation Land Claims. Portland, Oregon: Genealogical Forum, 1953-1957.}} | ||
* | *{{FSC|259481|item|disp=Abstracts of Oregon Donation Land Claims, 1852-1903, 7 rolls, National Archives Microfilm Publication, M145}} | ||
* | *{{FSC|18339|item|disp=Oregon and Washington donation land files, 1851-1903, 108 rolls, National Archives Microfilm Publication, M815}} | ||
=== County === | === County === | ||
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=== Church Records === | === Church Records === | ||
* | *{{FSC|4462128|item|disp=Ann West Williams, ''Narcissa & Marcus Whitman : martyrs on the Oregon Trail : the story of the first American missionaries to make the covered wagon crossing'' New York, New York : Association Press, ©1954 FS Library 921.73 W594w}} | ||
* | *{{FSC|224599|item|disp=Oregon. Presbyterian Church Records, 1838-1878}} Records of Marcus Whitman's mission in the Oregon Territory. Records of the first Presbyterian Church in Oregon territory to 1878. | ||
=== Censuses === | === Censuses === | ||
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=== Pioneer Associations === | === Pioneer Associations === | ||
*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Pioneer_Association Oregon Pioneer Association]''' | *'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Pioneer_Association Oregon Pioneer Association]''' | ||
* | *{{FSC|233161|item|disp=Transactions of the Oregon Pioneer Associations Annual Reunions.}} | ||
*'''Pioneers in Attendance Published in the Oregon Pioneer Association Annuals Reunions''' | *'''Pioneers in Attendance Published in the Oregon Pioneer Association Annuals Reunions''' | ||
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* | *{{FSC|144289|item|disp=James WIllis Nesmith. ''Two Addresses [1875 & 1880}}.'' Fairfield, Washington: Ye Galleon Press, 1978. FS Library 979.5 H2n. | ||
* | *{{FSC|829802|item|disp=Pioneer Registers,1818-1859.}} | ||
*''' [http://oregonsdop.org/ Sons and Daughters of Oregon Pioneers]''' | *''' [http://oregonsdop.org/ Sons and Daughters of Oregon Pioneers]''' | ||
* | *{{FSC|988258|item|disp=Jeannie Sharp Phillips. Reflections of Oregon Pioneer Families. Portland,Oregon:Sons and Daughters of Oregon Pioneers, 1994. FS Library 979.5 D3p}} | ||
* | *{{FSC|735297|item|disp=SDOP News: Newsletter of the Sons and Daughters of Oregon Pioneers. FS Library 979.5 D25s}} | ||
=== Local and county histories and biographies === | === Local and county histories and biographies === | ||
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*Vera Martin Lynch, ''Free land for free men: a story of Clackamas County'' ((Portland, Oreg.: Printed by Artline Print), 1973). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/806270 WorldCat entry]. {{FSC|150790|item|disp=FS Library Book 979.541 H2L}}. | *Vera Martin Lynch, ''Free land for free men: a story of Clackamas County'' ((Portland, Oreg.: Printed by Artline Print), 1973). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/806270 WorldCat entry]. {{FSC|150790|item|disp=FS Library Book 979.541 H2L}}. | ||
* | *{{FSC|33665|item|disp=Charles Dawson. ''Pioneer tales of the Oregon Trail and of Jefferson County.'' Topeka,Kansas: Crane 7 Co., 1912. FS Library Digital images}} | ||
*Elma Rust, ''Pioneers of Lake Creek Valley, and a few later ones'' (Photocopy of original published: Blachly, Ore. : E. Rust, 1984). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11082613 WorldCat entry]. {{FSC|684383|item|disp=FS Library Film 2055468 Item 8; Book 979.531 H2r}}. | *Elma Rust, ''Pioneers of Lake Creek Valley, and a few later ones'' (Photocopy of original published: Blachly, Ore. : E. Rust, 1984). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11082613 WorldCat entry]. {{FSC|684383|item|disp=FS Library Film 2055468 Item 8; Book 979.531 H2r}}. | ||
'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Meeker Ezra Meeker]''' | '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Meeker Ezra Meeker]''' | ||
* | *{{FSC|2850623|item|disp=Meeker, Ezra. "The Busy Life of Eighty-Five Years of Ezra Meeker.''Seattle, Washington : E. Meeker, c1916 (Indianapolis : Press of Wm. B. Buford). FS Library Digital images}} | ||
* | *{{FSC|1050793|item|disp=Meeker, Ezra.'' The ox team, or, the Old Oregon Trail, 1852-1906 : an account of the author's trip across the plains, from the Missouri River to Puget Sound, at the age of twenty-two, with an ox and cow team in 1852, and of his return with an ox team in the year 1906, at the age of seventy-six, with copious excerpts from his journal and other reliable sources of information; a narrative of events and descriptive of present and past conditions.'' New York : Ezra Meeker, 1907. FS Library Digital images}} | ||
* | *{{FSC|1049379|item|disp=Meeker, Ezra. '' Story of he Lost Trail to Oregon.''Seattle, Wash. : [s.n.}}, 1915. FS Library fiche 6119388] | ||
* | *{{FSC|1050780|item|disp=Meeker, Ezra. ''Ventures and adventures of Ezra Meeker, or, sixty years of frontier life : fifty-six years of pioneer life in the old Oregon country; an account of the author's trip across the plains with an ox team in 1852, and his return trip in 1906; his cruise on Puget Sound in 1853, and his trip through the Natchess Pass in 1854; over the Chilcoot Pass and the flat-boating on the Yukon in 1898; the Oregon trail.''Seattle : Rainier Printing Co., 1909. FS Library 6119442}} | ||
Some Oregon Trail pioneers also settled in [[Washington, United States Genealogy|Washington]], [[California, United States Genealogy|California]], [[Idaho, United States Genealogy|Idaho]], or [[Nevada, United States Genealogy|Nevada]]. Local histories and biographies from those places may also include some pioneers who traveled the Oregon Trail. | Some Oregon Trail pioneers also settled in [[Washington, United States Genealogy|Washington]], [[California, United States Genealogy|California]], [[Idaho, United States Genealogy|Idaho]], or [[Nevada, United States Genealogy|Nevada]]. Local histories and biographies from those places may also include some pioneers who traveled the Oregon Trail. | ||
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=== [http://www.ohs.org/research-and-library/ Oregon Historical Society] === | === [http://www.ohs.org/research-and-library/ Oregon Historical Society] === | ||
*[http://www.ohs.org/research-and-library/research-help/biographical-research.cfm Biographical Research - Pioneer Card File, Oregon Pioneer Association Transactions (published 1872-1828 and indexed 1876-1925)] | *[http://www.ohs.org/research-and-library/research-help/biographical-research.cfm Biographical Research - Pioneer Card File, Oregon Pioneer Association Transactions (published 1872-1828 and indexed 1876-1925)] | ||
* | *{{FSC|628183|item|disp=Kris White. Overland Passages: a guide to Overland documents in the Oregon Historical Society. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society, 1993. FS Library 979.5 W2o}} | ||
== Background History == | == Background History == | ||
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''' Maps and Pictorical Histories ''' | ''' Maps and Pictorical Histories ''' | ||
* | *{{FSC|361675|item|disp=Gregory M. Franzwa. ''Maps of the Oregon Trail''. St. Louis,Missouri: Patrice Press, 1990. FS Library 973 E7fr 1990}} | ||
* | *{{FSC|196956|item|disp=''Old Oregon Trail'' - Map FS Library 973 E7ao}} | ||
* | *{{FSC|2299294|item|disp=William E. Hill. ''The Oregon Trail, yesterday and today: a brief history and pictorial journey along the wagon tracks of pioneers''. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers, 1978. FS Library 979.5 H2h}} | ||
* | *{{FSC|182901|item|disp=L.C. Bishop,comp. ''Maps of Wyoming trails, roads, migration routes and forts. Cheyenne,Wyoming: Wyoming State Archives and Historical Department, 1963. FS Library 978.7 E7b Map Case}} | ||
The exact route of the '''Oregon Trail''' varied over the years. Most often it passed through:<ref name="OrTr" /> | The exact route of the '''Oregon Trail''' varied over the years. Most often it passed through:<ref name="OrTr" /> | ||
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