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{{ | {{CountrySidebar | ||
|Country=England | |||
|Name=England | |Name=England | ||
|Type=Topic | |Type=Topic | ||
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|Records=Census | |Records=Census | ||
|Rating=Standardized | |Rating=Standardized | ||
}}{{ | }}{{breadcrumb | ||
| link1=[[England Genealogy|England]] | |||
| link2= | | link2= | ||
| link3= | | link3= | ||
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}} | }} | ||
==Introduction to England and Wales Census== | ==Introduction to England and Wales Census== | ||
{{ | {{Historical populations | ||
|heading = Census | |||
|1801|8305362 | |1801|8305362 | ||
|1811|9553021 | |1811|9553021 | ||
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The census is a head count of everyone in the country on a given day. A census has been taken in England and Wales, and separately for Scotland, every ten years since 1801, with the exception of 1941. | The census is a head count of everyone in the country on a given day. A census has been taken in England and Wales, and separately for Scotland, every ten years since 1801, with the exception of 1941. | ||
< | <ref>[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/census-records/ National Archives Census Records ] ''How to look for records of...Census records.'' Date Accessed: 27 December 2021.</ref><br><br> | ||
< | |||
==England and Wales Censuses with Online Links== | ==England and Wales Censuses with Online Links== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[https://1841census.co.uk/pre-1841-census-information/ National Archives]*<br>[https://www.findmypast.co.uk/search/historical-records?region=england&start_year=1801&end_year=1831&keywords=census&page=1&order_direction=desc&order_by=relevance Findmypast]($) | |[https://1841census.co.uk/pre-1841-census-information/ National Archives]*<br>[https://www.findmypast.co.uk/search/historical-records?region=england&start_year=1801&end_year=1831&keywords=census&page=1&order_direction=desc&order_by=relevance Findmypast]($) | ||
|{{ | |{{RecordSearch|1493745|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8978/ Ancestry.com]($)<br>[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/1841-england-wales-and-scotland-census Findmypast]($) | ||
|{{ | |{{RecordSearch|2563939|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8860/ Ancestry.com]($)<br>[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/1851-england-wales-and-scotland-census Findmypast]($) | ||
|{{ | |{{RecordSearch|1493747|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8767/ Ancestry.com]($)<br>[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/1861-england-wales-and-scotland-census Findmypast]($) | ||
|{{ | |{{RecordSearch|1538354|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7619/ Ancestry.com]($)<br>[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/1871-england-wales-and-scotland-census Findmypast]($) | ||
|- | |- | ||
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|1881 | !style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|1881 | ||
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!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|1921 | !style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|1921 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{ | |{{RecordSearch|2562194|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7572/ Ancestry.com]($)<br>[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/1881-england-wales-and-scotland-census Findmypast]($) | ||
|{{ | |{{RecordSearch|1865747|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6598/ Ancestry.com]($)<br>[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/1891-england-wales-and-scotland-census Findmypast]($) | ||
|{{ | |{{RecordSearch|1888129|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7814/ Ancestry.com]($)<br>[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/1901-england-wales-and-scotland-census Findmypast]($) | ||
|{{ | |{{RecordSearch|1921547|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/2352/ Ancestry.com]($)<br>[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/1911-census-for-england-and-wales Findmypast]($) | ||
|[https://www.findmypast.com/1921-census Findmypast]($) | |[https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/63150/ Ancestry.com]($) | ||
[https://www.findmypast.com/1921-census Findmypast]($) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
< | <nowiki>*</nowiki>1801-1831 detailed information on incomplete records | ||
=== Additional Online Links=== | |||
*'''1851''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7918 1851 United Kingdom Census Sample] ($) | *'''1851''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7918 1851 United Kingdom Census Sample] - index & images ($). | ||
*[https://www.thegenealogist.com/census/ The Genealogist Parish Registers | *[https://www.thegenealogist.com/census/ The Genealogist Parish Registers]($) | ||
*[https://www.freecen.org.uk/ FreeCEN]($) | *[https://www.freecen.org.uk/ FreeCEN]($) | ||
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/category-1200/uk-ireland-census MyHeritage]($) | *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/category-1200/uk-ireland-census MyHeritage]($) | ||
==Census Forms and Headings== | ==Census Forms and Headings== | ||
The links below show the form layouts and the column headings on each census form. The headings listed the questions asked on each census (in PDF format). Also, Guy Etchells has assembled a collection of [http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~framland/census/directions.htm the official instructions given to enumerators for each census]. | The links below show the form layouts and the column headings on each census form. The headings listed the questions asked on each census (in PDF format). Also, Guy Etchells has assembled a collection of [http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~framland/census/directions.htm the official instructions given to enumerators for each census]. | ||
{| | {| style="width:75%; vertical-align:top;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style=" | | | ||
<li> [https://www.ancestrycdn.com/legacy/pdf/trees/charts/ukcensus1841.pdf 1841 Census Form] (PDF)</li> | <ul class="column-spacing-fullscreen" style="padding-right:5px;"> | ||
<li> [https://www.ancestrycdn.com/legacy/pdf/trees/charts/ukcensus1841.pdf 1841 Census Form] (PDF)</li> | |||
<li> [https://www.ancestrycdn.com/legacy/pdf/trees/charts/ukcensus1851.pdf 1851 Census Form] (PDF)</li> | <li> [https://www.ancestrycdn.com/legacy/pdf/trees/charts/ukcensus1851.pdf 1851 Census Form] (PDF)</li> | ||
<li>[[Media:1841 and 1851 Headings for the Census of England and Wales.pdf|1841 and 1851 Headings for the Census of England and Wales]]</li> | <li>[[Media:1841 and 1851 Headings for the Census of England and Wales.pdf|1841 and 1851 Headings for the Census of England and Wales]]</li> | ||
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<li> [https://www.ancestrycdn.com/legacy/pdf/trees/charts/ukcensus1851.pdf 1851 Census Form] (PDF)</li> | <li> [https://www.ancestrycdn.com/legacy/pdf/trees/charts/ukcensus1851.pdf 1851 Census Form] (PDF)</li> | ||
<li>[[Media:1841 and 1851 Headings for the Census of England and Wales.pdf|1841 and 1851 Headings for the Census of England and Wales]]</li> | <li>[[Media:1841 and 1851 Headings for the Census of England and Wales.pdf|1841 and 1851 Headings for the Census of England and Wales]]</li> | ||
<li>[https://www.ancestrycdn.com/legacy/pdf/trees/charts/ukcensus1861.pdf 1861 Census Form] (PDF)</li> | |||
<li>[https://www.ancestrycdn.com/legacy/pdf/trees/charts/ukcensus1871.pdf 1871 Census Form] (PDF)</li> | <li>[https://www.ancestrycdn.com/legacy/pdf/trees/charts/ukcensus1871.pdf 1871 Census Form] (PDF)</li> | ||
<li> [[Media:1861 and 1871 Headings for the Census of England and Wales.pdf|1861 and 1871 Headings for the Census of England and Wales]]</li> | <li> [[Media:1861 and 1871 Headings for the Census of England and Wales.pdf|1861 and 1871 Headings for the Census of England and Wales]]</li> | ||
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<li>[https://www.ancestrycdn.com/legacy/pdf/trees/charts/ukcensus1891.pdf 1891 Census Form] (PDF)</li> | <li>[https://www.ancestrycdn.com/legacy/pdf/trees/charts/ukcensus1891.pdf 1891 Census Form] (PDF)</li> | ||
<li> [[Media:1881 and 1891 Headings for the Census of England and Wales.pdf|1881 and 1891 Headings for the Census of England and Wales]]</li> | <li> [[Media:1881 and 1891 Headings for the Census of England and Wales.pdf|1881 and 1891 Headings for the Census of England and Wales]]</li> | ||
<li> [https://www.ancestrycdn.com/legacy/pdf/trees/charts/ukcensus1901.pdf 1901 Census Form] (PDF) | <li> [https://www.ancestrycdn.com/legacy/pdf/trees/charts/ukcensus1901.pdf 1901 Census Form] (PDF)</li> | ||
<li>[https://www.ancestrycdn.com/legacy/pdf/trees/charts/ukcensus1911.pdf 1911 Census Form] (PDF) | <li>[https://www.ancestrycdn.com/legacy/pdf/trees/charts/ukcensus1911.pdf 1911 Census Form] (PDF)</li> | ||
<li> [[Media:1901 and 1911 Headings for the Census of England and Wales.pdf|1901 and 1911 Headings for the Census of England and Wales]]</li> | <li> [[Media:1901 and 1911 Headings for the Census of England and Wales.pdf|1901 and 1911 Headings for the Census of England and Wales]]</li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
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==Understanding the Censuses 1841-1921== | ==Understanding the Censuses 1841-1921== | ||
In England, the government censuses have been taken every ten years since 1801. The first four censuses, 1801 through 1831, were taken strictly for statistical purposes for the Overseers of the Poor and substantial households.< | In England, the government censuses have been taken every ten years since 1801. The first four censuses, 1801 through 1831, were taken strictly for statistical purposes for the Overseers of the Poor and substantial households.<ref>University of Essex [https://www1.essex.ac.uk/history/documents/research/RT2_Wall_2012.pdf PDF on the University of Essex's server] ''Census schedules and listings, 1801–1831:an introduction and guide'' pg.4 Date Accessed: 27 December 2021.</ref><br> | ||
The first census listing people by name was taken in 1841.<br> Census records are generally released 100 years after they were taken.<br><br> | The first census listing people by name was taken in 1841.<br> Census records are generally released 100 years after they were taken.<br><br> | ||
These links give detailed information on the England and Wales censuses.<br> | These links give detailed information on the England and Wales censuses.<br> | ||
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The dates of each census were as follows: | The dates of each census were as follows: | ||
*'''1841''' – June 6 | |||
*'''1851''' – March 30 | |||
*'''1861''' – April 7 | |||
*'''1871''' – April 2 | |||
*'''1881''' – April 3 | |||
*'''1891''' – April 5 | |||
*'''1901''' – March 31 | |||
*'''1911''' – April 2 | |||
*'''1921''' - June 19 | |||
===Pre-1841 Census=== | ===Pre-1841 Census=== | ||
There are 791 surviving census listings for 1801-1831 created on the parish level.< | There are 791 surviving census listings for 1801-1831 created on the parish level.<ref>Wall, Richard, Matthew Woollard, and Beatrice Moring. ''Census schedules and listings, 1801-1831: an introduction and guide''. Colchester: Dept. of History, University of Essex. 2004.</ref> The few surviving pre-1841 censuses generally contain only names of the head-of-household. | ||
*The University of Essex, Department of History published an easy to follow PDF file in 2004 entitled [https://www1.essex.ac.uk/history/documents/research/RT2_Wall_2012.pdf ''Census Schedules and Listings, 1801-1831: An Introduction and Guide'' by Richard Wall, Matthew Woollard and Beatrice Moring], | *The University of Essex, Department of History published an easy to follow PDF file in 2004 entitled [https://www1.essex.ac.uk/history/documents/research/RT2_Wall_2012.pdf ''Census Schedules and Listings, 1801-1831: An Introduction and Guide'' by Richard Wall, Matthew Woollard and Beatrice Moring], | ||
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*The [[Online Historical Population Reports]] page has statistical data available for every parish in the pre-1841 censuses. | *The [[Online Historical Population Reports]] page has statistical data available for every parish in the pre-1841 censuses. | ||
[[File:1841 British Census.jpg|thumb|An example of an 1841 census record]] | [[File:1841 British Census.jpg|thumb|An example of an 1841 census record|alt=1841 census record example]] | ||
===1841=== | ===1841=== | ||
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*A column indicating if born out of the country, i.e. “S” for Scotland; “I” for Ireland | *A column indicating if born out of the country, i.e. “S” for Scotland; “I” for Ireland | ||
[[Image:1861 British Census.jpg|right|350px|An example of a 1861 census record]] | [[Image:1861 British Census.jpg|right|350px|An example of a 1861 census record|alt=1861 census record example]] | ||
This census is significant because it was the first census in England and Wales to name '''every''' member of a household. | This census is significant because it was the first census in England and Wales to name '''every''' member of a household. | ||
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*'''1939''' [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/1939register/1939-register-getting-started How-to Video for 1939 Register] | *'''1939''' [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/1939register/1939-register-getting-started How-to Video for 1939 Register] | ||
*'''1939''' [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/1939register?utm_source=fmp&utm_content=636597&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=news Search Engine for 1939 Register] at Findmypast - index & images ($) | *'''1939''' [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/1939register?utm_source=fmp&utm_content=636597&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=news Search Engine for 1939 Register] at Findmypast - index & images ($) | ||
*'''1939''' {{ | *'''1939''' {{RecordSearch|2836130|England and Wales National Register, 1939}}(*) at FamilySearch - [[England and Wales National Register, 1939 - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index; ''Also at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61596/ Ancestry] - index & images ($), [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10678/1939-register-of-england-wales?s=275764761 MyHeritage] ($)'' | ||
===Missing Records=== | ===Missing Records=== | ||
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Various parts of the England, Wales, and Scotland census returns from 1841 to 1911 are incomplete and have pieces missing. Findmypast has identified the known gaps by census year, nation, county, and village or parish in this Findmypast article entitled "[http://www.findmypast.com/articles/census-for-england-wales-and-scotland-missing-pieces Census for England, Wales and Scotland: missing pieces]". | Various parts of the England, Wales, and Scotland census returns from 1841 to 1911 are incomplete and have pieces missing. Findmypast has identified the known gaps by census year, nation, county, and village or parish in this Findmypast article entitled "[http://www.findmypast.com/articles/census-for-england-wales-and-scotland-missing-pieces Census for England, Wales and Scotland: missing pieces]". | ||
==Online Tutorials== | ==Statistical Data Gathered from the Census== | ||
There is statistical data available for every census year from 1801 to 1931 on [[Online Historical Population Reports | Histpop - the Online Historical Population Reports (OHPR)]] website. The statistical data records the number of houses, families, people, and other statistical data for every parish in England. It allows one to see the growth of parishes and regions from census year to census year. | |||
==Strategy== | |||
A well-indexed census is one of the '''easiest ways to locate where an ancestor lived''' and when they lived there. You can also use censuses to: | |||
*Follow the family over time | |||
*Determine family relationships | |||
*Find clues to other locations where the family lived | |||
===Online Tutorials=== | |||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/england-and-wales-census-records-1841-1911-indexes '''England and Wales Census Records 1841-1911 Indexes'''] | *[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/england-and-wales-census-records-1841-1911-indexes '''England and Wales Census Records 1841-1911 Indexes'''] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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