Germany Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions

Germany Emigration and Immigration (view source)

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-==How to Find the Records==
+==Resources==
-==Online Resources==
+===Online Resources===
+*'''1709''' {{FSC|234199|item|disp= ''True and Authentic Register of Persons ... Who in the Year 1709 ... Journeyed from Germany to America''}}.
-*[https://www.germanroots.com/emigration.html Online German Emigration Records, Lists and Indexes] a comprehensive list of links to various local, regional, or province/state collections.
-*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/206573 Emigrants to and from Germany from the 18th to the 20th century]
-*[http://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10019/germans-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=218489221 Germans Immigrating to the United States]. Index. ($)
-*[https://www.deutsche-auswanderer-datenbank.de/index.php?id=540&L=1 Deutsche Auswanderer-Datenbank (German Emigrants Database)]. Index.
-*[https://immigrantships.net/bremenproj/bremenproject.html Transcribed Ships Manifests Departing from Germany]
-*[https://www.rambow.de/auswandererlisten.html Emigration Lists] at Ahnenforschung/Genealogie
-*[http://immigrants.byu.edu/search/simple Immigrant Ancestors Project]
-*[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/132009-redirection Register of German military men who remained in Canada after the American Revolution], e-book
-*'''1709''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/234199  ''True and Authentic Register of Persons ... Who in the Year 1709 ... Journeyed from Germany to America''].
 *'''1712-1933'''  [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61037/ U.S., German Immigrants, 1712-1933], Ancestry.com composite collection of several small sources, index ($)
 *'''1727-1776''' ''A collection of upwards of thirty thousand names of German, Swiss, Dutch, French and other immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727-1776 ... ''. '''Online at:''' [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/idurl/1/293219 FamilySearch Digital Library], [https://archive.org/details/collectionofupwa00ruppuoft Internet Archive], [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/10412/ Ancestry] ($).
-*'''1750-1775''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/981514?availability=Family%20History%20Library Le Havre - some passengers found in the crew lists 1750-1775]
+*'''1750-1775''' {{FSC|981514|item|disp=Le Havre - some passengers found in the crew lists 1750-1775}}
-*'''1750-1943''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/398165?availability=Family%20History%20Library Zentrale Sippenkartei, 1750-1943] Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, which provide information on date and place of birth, death, and marriage; names of spouse, parents, children (with their birth and death dates); and occupation for Germans who settled abroad, chiefly in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
+*'''1750-1943''' {{FSC|398165|item|disp=Zentrale Sippenkartei, 1750-1943}} Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, which provide information on date and place of birth, death, and marriage; names of spouse, parents, children (with their birth and death dates); and occupation for Germans who settled abroad, chiefly in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
-*'''1850-1934''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/43289 Auswandererlisten, 1850-1934] (Hamburg passenger lists) at FamilySearch, images.
+*'''1782-1956''' {{FSC|1058859|title-id|disp=Kirchenbuch, 1782-1956}}(*); Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil. São Miguel (Dois Irmãos, Rio Grande do Sul) at FamilySearch - images
-*'''1850-1934''' [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1068 Hamburg Passenger Lists, 1850-1934] at Ancestry ($) index and images.
+*'''1827-1848''' {{FSC|1059025|title-id|disp=Lista de imigrantes da Comunidade Evangélica São Miguel de Dois Irmãos, 1827 a 1848:}}(*); Stemmer, Gaspar Henrique at FamilySearch - images
+*'''1827-1872''' {{FSC|1059010|title-id|disp=Lista de imigrantes 1827 a 1848, Folhas de registros do Pastor Haesbaert 1846 a 1850 e Livro de registros I da Comunidade Evangélica São Miguel de Dois Irmãos, 1827-1872}}(*); Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil. São Miguel (Dois Irmãos, Rio Grande do Sul) at FamilySearch - images
+*'''1850-1923''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1068 Hamburg Passenger Lists, 1850-1934] In German, includes ships coming to U.S., index only for 1850-1923. ($)
+*'''1850-1934''' {{FSC|43289|item|disp=Auswandererlisten, 1850-1934}} (Hamburg passenger lists) at FamilySearch, images.
+*'''1850-1934''' [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1068 Hamburg Passenger Lists, 1850-1934] at Ancestry ($) index & images.
 *'''1855-1924''' [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1166 Hamburg Passenger Lists, Handwritten Indexes, 1855-1934] at Ancestry ($) images.
-*[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/hamburg-germany-emigrants Hamburg, Germany Emigrants] at Findmypast ($) index.
-*'''1850-1923''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1068 Hamburg Passenger Lists, 1850-1934] In German, includes ships coming to U.S., index only for 1850-1923. ($)
 *'''1892-1924''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/record/results?q.anyPlace=Germany&q.anyPlace.exact=on&f.collectionId=1368704&count=20&offset=0&m.defaultFacets=on&m.queryRequireDefault=on&m.facetNestCollectionInCategory=on New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island), 1892-1924] Search results for Germany
 *'''1907-1939''' [http://www.passengerlists.de/ Bremen, Germany, Passenger Lists Index, 1907-1939]
 *'''1920-1939''' [http://www.passengerlists.de/ Bremen Passenger Lists, 1920-1939], indexed.  With the exception of 3017 passenger lists for the years 1920 - 1939 all other lists were lost in World War II. Also at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/9734/ Ancestry.com], index ($); [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10924/germany-bremen-emigration-lists-1920-1939 MyHeritage]
+*{{FSC|656457|title-id|disp=Coleção da Sociedade Histo-lógica Cruzeiro do Sul }}(*); Sociedade Histo-lógica Cruzeiro do Sul at FamilySearch - images
+*[https://www.deutsche-auswanderer-datenbank.de/index.php?id=540&L=1 Deutsche Auswanderer-Datenbank (German Emigrants Database)]. Index.
+*{{FSC|206573|item|disp=Emigrants to and from Germany from the 18th to the 20th century}}
+*[https://www.rambow.de/auswandererlisten.html Emigration Lists] at Ahnenforschung/Genealogie
+*[http://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10019/germans-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=218489221 Germans Immigrating to the United States]. Index. ($)
+*[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/hamburg-germany-emigrants Hamburg, Germany Emigrants] at Findmypast ($) index.
+*[http://immigrants.byu.edu/search/simple Immigrant Ancestors Project]
+*[https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1gEPDH-Y5EEmL_78yhM2a4zc81C6_yVU&ll=44.667225129560414%2C-27.848331045285764&z=4 World Passenger Lists Maps]
+*[https://www.germanroots.com/emigration.html Online German Emigration Records, Lists and Indexes] a comprehensive list of links to various local, regional, or province/state collections.
+*[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/132009-redirection Register of German military men who remained in Canada after the American Revolution], e-book
+*[https://immigrantships.net/bremenproj/bremenproject.html Transcribed Ships Manifests Departing from Germany]
 *[[United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records]]
@@ Line 43: / Line 47: @@
 *'''1938-1943''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2356 Palestine, Illegal Immigration from German-Occupied Europe, 1938-1945 (USHMM)] ($), index
 *'''1943-1947''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61742/ United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) Records, 1943-1947 (USHMM)] at Ancestry — index ($)
-*'''1943-1959''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10885/index-of-jewish-displaced-person-refugee-cards-1943-1959 Index of Jewish Displaced Person and Refugee Cards, 1943-1959], index and images.
+*'''1943-1959''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10885/index-of-jewish-displaced-person-refugee-cards-1943-1959 Index of Jewish Displaced Person and Refugee Cards, 1943-1959], index & images.
 *'''1946-1971''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61704/ Free Access: Africa, Asia and Europe, Passenger Lists of Displaced Persons, 1946-1971] Ancestry, free. Index and images. Passenger lists of immigrants leaving Germany and other European ports and airports between 1946-1971. The majority of the immigrants listed in this collection are displaced persons - Holocaust survivors, former concentration camp inmates and Nazi forced laborers, as well as refugees from Central and Eastern European countries and some non-European countries.
 ====Card Indexes====
-*'''16th-17th Century''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/122517 Einwandererkartei, 16.-17. Jahrhundert] Alphabetical Index of '''Huguenots immigration from France, the Netherlands and Switzerland to the Pfalz (Palatinate), Germany'''.
+*'''16th-17th Century''' {{FSC|122517|item|disp=Einwandererkartei, 16.-17. Jahrhundert}} Alphabetical Index of '''Huguenots immigration from France, the Netherlands and Switzerland to the Pfalz (Palatinate), Germany'''.
-*'''1750-1943''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/398195 Auswandererkartei mit Familienangehörigen, 1750-1943]. Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German emigrants and their family members. Provides information on nicknames, given names, and variant forms of surnames; ancestral home, earlier and later lands of allegiance, places and dates of birth and death, religious persuasion, date of emigration, earlier and later places of settlement, original occupation and later activity, name of spouse, places and dates of birth and death, place of marriage, occupation and later activity; names, places and dates of birth and death for children, places of residence, names of spouses.
+*'''1750-1943''' {{FSC|398195|item|disp=Auswandererkartei mit Familienangehörigen, 1750-1943}}. Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German emigrants and their family members. Provides information on nicknames, given names, and variant forms of surnames; ancestral home, earlier and later lands of allegiance, places and dates of birth and death, religious persuasion, date of emigration, earlier and later places of settlement, original occupation and later activity, name of spouse, places and dates of birth and death, place of marriage, occupation and later activity; names, places and dates of birth and death for children, places of residence, names of spouses.
-*'''1750-1805''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420725 Auswandererkartei der Deutschen nach Ungarn und Rußland, 1750-1805 (Emigration index of Germans in '''Hungary and Russia''', 1750-1805).'']
+*'''1750-1805''' {{FSC|420725|item|disp=Auswandererkartei der Deutschen nach Ungarn und Rußland, 1750-1805 (Emigration index of Germans in '''Hungary and Russia''', 1750-1805).''}}
-*'''1750-1945''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420677 Kartei der Auswanderer nach Ungarn, 1750-1945 (Index of emigrants to '''Hungary''', 1750-1945).]
+*'''1750-1945''' {{FSC|420677|item|disp=Kartei der Auswanderer nach Ungarn, 1750-1945 (Index of emigrants to '''Hungary''', 1750-1945).}}
-*'''1800-1900''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/223975 Auswandererkartei 1800-1900, '''Hessen''']
+*'''1800-1900''' {{FSC|223975|item|disp=Auswandererkartei 1800-1900, '''Hessen'''}}
-*'''1806-1920''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/296973 Auswanderungsakten, 1806-1920, Stuttgart (Württemberg)] Emigration from the district of '''Stuttgart, Württemberg''', Germany; includes internal migrations, emigration to European countries, the United States and elsewhere. Includes some indexes.
+*'''1806-1920''' {{FSC|296973|item|disp=Auswanderungsakten, 1806-1920, Stuttgart (Württemberg)}} Emigration from the district of '''Stuttgart, Württemberg''', Germany; includes internal migrations, emigration to European countries, the United States and elsewhere. Includes some indexes.
-*'''1817-1866''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/372046 Registres des émigrés, 1817-1866, (Alsace emigration index)] Card index to emigration records of Europeans traveling through the Alsace region of France. Many Germans either lived in '''Elsaß-Lothringen(Alsace-Lorraine)''' or passed through it to emigrate.
+*'''1817-1866''' {{FSC|372046|item|disp=Registres des émigrés, 1817-1866, (Alsace emigration index)}} Card index to emigration records of Europeans traveling through the Alsace region of France. Many Germans either lived in '''Elsaß-Lothringen(Alsace-Lorraine)''' or passed through it to emigrate.
-*'''1840-1930''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1198977 Auswanderkartei, 1840-1930:] Cards of emingrants from '''Bavaria''' most of whom are born during the time frame 1870 to 1900; however, there are some emigrant dates from the late 1600's and from the 1840's. The cards contain surnames, maiden names, given names, places of birth, and addresses in the country to which the people are moving.
+*'''1840-1930''' {{FSC|1198977|item|disp=Auswanderkartei, 1840-1930:}} Cards of emingrants from '''Bavaria''' most of whom are born during the time frame 1870 to 1900; however, there are some emigrant dates from the late 1600's and from the 1840's. The cards contain surnames, maiden names, given names, places of birth, and addresses in the country to which the people are moving.
-*'''1870-1945''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420719 Auswandererkartei von Rußlanddeutschen nach China und Nordamerika : 1870-1945] Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants '''from Russia to China, North America, Argentina, elsewhere'''. Includes birthplaces and dates for both spouses and children, date of emigration and destination, place and date of marriage, children's names and documentary references.
+*'''1870-1945''' {{FSC|420719|item|disp=Auswandererkartei von Rußlanddeutschen nach China und Nordamerika : 1870-1945}} Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants '''from Russia to China, North America, Argentina, elsewhere'''. Includes birthplaces and dates for both spouses and children, date of emigration and destination, place and date of marriage, children's names and documentary references.
-*'''1929-1930''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420708 Auswandererkartei der Rußlanddeutschen, 1929-1930] Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants '''from Russia to Germany, Canada, Brazil, Paraguay, etc'''.
+*'''1929-1930''' {{FSC|420708|item|disp=Auswandererkartei der Rußlanddeutschen, 1929-1930}} Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants '''from Russia to Germany, Canada, Brazil, Paraguay, etc'''.
-*'''1935-1945''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420657 Kartei von Deutschen Experten im Ausland, 1935-1945] Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for '''German professionals''' residing abroad. Includes land and street address, area of expertise, membership in professional organizations, participation in the German Foreign Institute, and biographical information (place and date of birth, education, marital status, professional activities, etc.).
+*'''1935-1945''' {{FSC|420657|item|disp=Kartei von Deutschen Experten im Ausland, 1935-1945}} Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for '''German professionals''' residing abroad. Includes land and street address, area of expertise, membership in professional organizations, participation in the German Foreign Institute, and biographical information (place and date of birth, education, marital status, professional activities, etc.).
 ====Regional Online Records====
@@ Line 63: / Line 67: @@
 *[https://www.histag-schaumburg.de/page/page_ID/105?PHPSESSID=978489b6ec0b5240ae85bbad2e60005e '''Schaumburger''' emigrants directory]
 *[https://arcinsys.hessen.de/arcinsys/einfachsuchen.action?pageName=einfachesuche&methodName=einfach&rechercheBean.defaultfield=&rechercheBean.defaultfield_widget=https%3A%2F%2Farcinsys.hessen.de%2Farcinsys%2Feinfachsuchen.action%3FpageName%3Deinfachesuche%26metho&rechercheBean.von=&rechercheBean.bis=&rechercheBean.einfacheSucheRadioName=alle '''Auswanderer-Nachweise '''Hessen''' State Archives''']
-*[http://www.berghapedia.nl/index.php/Wandergesellen_uit_het_Rijnland_en_Westfalen#Mannen_uit_Rijnland_en_Westfalen Male immigrants from '''Rheinland and Westfalen''', Prussia''']
+*[https://www.berghapedia.nl/index.php/Wandergesellen_uit_het_Rijnland_en_Westfalen Male immigrants from '''Rheinland and Westfalen''', Prussia''']
 *[http://www.berghapedia.nl/index.php/Wandergesellen_uit_het_Rijnland_en_Westfalen#Vrouwen_uit_Rijnland_en_Westfalen Female immigrants from '''Rheinland and Westfalen''', Prussia]
 *[http://www.thomas-erbe.de/ahnen/buch/001.htm Emigration lists of the former Duchy of '''Braunschweig''']
@@ Line 73: / Line 77: @@
 *'''1636-1667''' [http://www.genealogy-sh.com/timm/1636-1667.htm '''Schleswig-Holstein''' Immigrants in New Amsterdam/New York], 1636 - 1667.
 *[https://www.nordfriiskfutuur.eu/auswandererdenkmal-auswandererarchiv/ Das Nordfriesische Auswanderer-Archiv ('''North Friesland''' Emigrants)], Images and no index.
-*'''1650-1800''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/329650 '''Swiss''' emigrants to the Palatinate in Germany and to America, 1650-1800 and '''Huguenots''' to the Palatinate and Germany], e-books, 6 volumes.
+*'''1650-1800''' {{FSC|329650|item|disp='''Swiss''' emigrants to the Palatinate in Germany and to America, 1650-1800 and '''Huguenots''' to the Palatinate and Germany}}, e-books, 6 volumes.
 *'''1751-1920''' [https://www.auswanderer-bw.de/auswanderer/index.php?sprache=de&suche=1 Auswanderung aus Südwestdeutschland, (Emigrants of '''Southwestern Germany''', Landesarchiv '''Baden-Württemberg'''], 1751-1920. Index.
 *'''19th century''' [http://www.rootdigger.de/Emi.htm Emigration out of '''Schleswig-Holstein''', 19th century], index.
 *'''1800's-early 1900's''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/4121/ '''Brandenburg''', Prussia Emigration Records (Auswanderungsakten, Brandenburg, Preußen)] ($). 1800's-early 1900's. Index. In German. Incomplete.
-*'''19th Century''' [http://www.amerikanetz.de/ Network '''Westphalian''' America emigration since the 19th century], Index. Incomplete.
+*'''19th Century''' [https://hf-gen.de/amerikanetz/ Network '''Westphalian''' America emigration since the 19th century], Index. Incomplete.
-*'''1808-1890''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/3141/ '''Württemberg,''' Germany Emigration Index] - at Ancestry,index ($) [https://www.germanroots.com/wuerttemberg.html Coverage information] [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/results?count=20&query=%2Bsubject_id%3A415523 Links to original records digital form]
+*'''1808-1890''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/3141/ '''Württemberg,''' Germany Emigration Index] - at Ancestry,index ($) [https://www.germanroots.com/wuerttemberg.html Coverage information] {{FSC|Germany, Württemberg - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=712088489|disp=Links to original records digital form}}
 *'''1834-1914''' [http://www.thueringen.de/mam/th1/staatsarchive/repertorien/auswanderer.pdf Index of all emigrants from '''Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sonderhausen'''], 1834-1914, index.
 *'''1844-1915''' [http://www.emecklenburg.de/Mecklenburg/en/emig.htm Names of '''Mecklenburg-Schwerin''' Emigrants 1844-1915]
-*'''1851-1929''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/197879 Reisepaß-Protokolle, 1851-1929, '''Hamburg'''] Passport applications recorded by the police information office in Hamburg. Indexed.
+*'''1851-1929''' {{FSC|197879|item|disp=Reisepaß-Protokolle, 1851-1929, '''Hamburg'''}} Passport applications recorded by the police information office in Hamburg. Indexed.
 *'''1866-1911''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/4610/ '''Baden''', Germany Emigration Index, 1866-1911]
 *'''1869-1901''' [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2452 '''Pomerania''', Germany, Passenger Lists, 1869-1901]
@@ Line 94: / Line 98: @@
 *'''1710''' [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Palatine_Arrivals_in_New_York_in_1710 Palatine Arrivals in New York in 1710]
 *'''1712, 1737, 1787''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=61037 Emigrants from West-German Fuerstenberg Territories (Baden and the Palatinate) to America and Central Europe] ($). 1712, 1737, 1787 Index.
-*'''1724-1749'''[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/390338 List of Pfalz Immigrants to America, 1724-1749]
+*'''1724-1749'''{{FSC|390338|item|disp=List of Pfalz Immigrants to America, 1724-1749}}
 *[http://www.birkenhoerdt.net/showreport.php?reportID=1 The Birkenhördt Project]
 *'''1727-1808''' [https://www.olivetreegenealogy.com/ships/palship_list.shtml Ships carrying Palatines from Germany to Philadelphia from 1727 to 1808]
@@ Line 103: / Line 107: @@
 *[http://www.martiusstaden.org.br/conteudo/detalhe/48/acervo Brazilian Families of German Origin] Martius-Staden Institute of Sciences, Letters and Brazilian-German Cultural Exchange genealogy online collection
 *[http://www.martiusstaden.org.br/conteudo/detalhe/48/acervo German Immigration Archive] Martius-Staden Institute of Sciences, Letters and Brazilian-German Cultural Exchange German Immigration online collection
-*'''1815-1850''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/78406 Auswanderungen, 1815-1850] Emigrations to Poland, Brazil, the United States, etc. and internal migrations from Kusel, Bavaria Royal State Commissioner
+*'''1815-1850''' {{FSC|78406|item|disp=Auswanderungen, 1815-1850}} Emigrations to Poland, Brazil, the United States, etc. and internal migrations from Kusel, Bavaria Royal State Commissioner
-*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/656457 Coleção da Sociedade Histo-lógica Cruzeiro do Sul] A collection of essays and works chiefly written in German which deal with German immigration to Brazil, see Film Notes for German localities and specific families covered.
+*{{FSC|656457|item|disp=Coleção da Sociedade Histo-lógica Cruzeiro do Sul}} A collection of essays and works chiefly written in German which deal with German immigration to Brazil, see Film Notes for German localities and specific families covered.
 *'''1859''' [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com:80/~brawgw/alemanha/historia_petropolis_imi1859.htm Lists of Germans immigrating to Brazil], 1859, in Portuguese.
-*'''1890-1901''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/509621 Auswanderung nach Brasilien und Venezuela, 1890-1901] Civil records relating to the migration to Brazil and Venezuela of inhabitants of Bromberg, Posen, Germany
+*'''1890-1901''' {{FSC|509621|item|disp=Auswanderung nach Brasilien und Venezuela, 1890-1901}} Civil records relating to the migration to Brazil and Venezuela of inhabitants of Bromberg, Posen, Germany
 ====German Argentinians Online Records====
-*'''1870-1945''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420683 Auswandererkartei von Rußlanddeutschen nach Argentinien, 1870-1945], images of index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants from Russia to Argentina. Provides information on place of origin, state of allegiance, birth and death date and place, religion, date of emigration, destination abroad, profession, full name of spouse, birth and death date and place, place and date of marriage; names, birth places and dates of children, their residences and spouses' names. Information often incomplete.
+*'''1870-1945''' {{FSC|420683|item|disp=Auswandererkartei von Rußlanddeutschen nach Argentinien, 1870-1945}}, images of index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants from Russia to Argentina. Provides information on place of origin, state of allegiance, birth and death date and place, religion, date of emigration, destination abroad, profession, full name of spouse, birth and death date and place, place and date of marriage; names, birth places and dates of children, their residences and spouses' names. Information often incomplete.
 ====Germans from Russia Online Records====
 In '''1763''' Catherine the Great of '''Russia''' offered free land, no taxes for thirty years, freedom of religion, and other incentives to encourage Germans to settle her vast, sparsely populated domain. Dozens of German colonies were established and grew until World War I. '''Many Russian Germans moved to the United States, Canada, or South America beginning in 1874.'''
 *[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/520935-redirection From the steppes to the prairies : the story of the Germans settling in Russia on the Volga and Ukraine, also the Germans settling in the Banat, and the Bohemians in Crimea : their resettlement in the Americas, North and South America and in Canada], e-book
-*'''1750-1943''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/398176 Namenskartei von Siedlern in Russland und Rücksiedler nach Deutschland, 1750-1943] Index cards, arranged alphabetically by governmental jurisdiction, village, and then surname, of German immigrants residing in Russia. Many cards provide birth and death dates, marriage dates, names of spouses, the number of children, when and from where they emigrated, and other genealogical information. A separate set, arranged alphabetically by former Russian town of residence, indicates those who moved back to Germany, but gives no information on where they eventually settled in Germany. Some cards are out of order, and include localities in Hungary, Rumania, Poland, and other countries outside of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union.
+*'''1750-1943''' {{FSC|398176|item|disp=Namenskartei von Siedlern in Russland und Rücksiedler nach Deutschland, 1750-1943}} Index cards, arranged alphabetically by governmental jurisdiction, village, and then surname, of German immigrants residing in Russia. Many cards provide birth and death dates, marriage dates, names of spouses, the number of children, when and from where they emigrated, and other genealogical information. A separate set, arranged alphabetically by former Russian town of residence, indicates those who moved back to Germany, but gives no information on where they eventually settled in Germany. Some cards are out of order, and include localities in Hungary, Rumania, Poland, and other countries outside of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union.
-*'''1750-1943''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/398186 Bestandskartei der Rußlanddeutschen, 1750-1943] Index cards of ethnic Germans in Russia, arranged alphabetically by surname. While not all the cards contain the same amount of information, many of them supply the given name, present address, birth place and date, place and date of death, earlier and present citizenship; place of origin, year of emigration, and names of ancestors who first emigrated from Germany; places of residence in Russia; year of emigration from Russia; earlier occupation and later activities; religion, whether pedigrees exist; name, places and dates of birth, marriage, and death, occupation for spouse; names, birthplaces and dates for children; and documentary sources.
+*'''1750-1943''' {{FSC|398186|item|disp=Bestandskartei der Rußlanddeutschen, 1750-1943}} Index cards of ethnic Germans in Russia, arranged alphabetically by surname. While not all the cards contain the same amount of information, many of them supply the given name, present address, birth place and date, place and date of death, earlier and present citizenship; place of origin, year of emigration, and names of ancestors who first emigrated from Germany; places of residence in Russia; year of emigration from Russia; earlier occupation and later activities; religion, whether pedigrees exist; name, places and dates of birth, marriage, and death, occupation for spouse; names, birthplaces and dates for children; and documentary sources.
-*'''1807-1810''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420716 Kartei der Auswanderer aus Elsaß und Baden nach Rußland, 1807-1810] Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German emigrants from Baden and Elsaß-Lothringen (the latter now Moselle in France) to Russia. Includes ages for spouses and children, year and place of emigration, where family settled, children's ages, and documentary references.
+*'''1807-1810''' {{FSC|420716|item|disp=Kartei der Auswanderer aus Elsaß und Baden nach Rußland, 1807-1810}} Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German emigrants from Baden and Elsaß-Lothringen (the latter now Moselle in France) to Russia. Includes ages for spouses and children, year and place of emigration, where family settled, children's ages, and documentary references.
-*'''1870-1945''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420719 Auswandererkartei von Rußlanddeutschen nach China und Nordamerika : 1870-1945] Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants '''from Russia to China, North America, Argentina, elsewhere'''. Includes birthplaces and dates for both spouses and children, date of emigration and destination, place and date of marriage, children's names and documentary references.
+*'''1870-1945''' {{FSC|420719|item|disp=Auswandererkartei von Rußlanddeutschen nach China und Nordamerika : 1870-1945}} Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants '''from Russia to China, North America, Argentina, elsewhere'''. Includes birthplaces and dates for both spouses and children, date of emigration and destination, place and date of marriage, children's names and documentary references.
-*'''1870-1940''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420691 Auswandererkartei der Rußlanddeutschen nach Brasilien, 1870-1940] Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants from Russia to Brazil. Includes information about dates and places of birth and death (or age) for both spouses and children, place and date of marriage, religion, homeland, date of emigration, profession, and documentary sources. Though most destinations were for Brazil, a few settled in Argentina, Canada, and the U. S. A.
+*'''1870-1940''' {{FSC|420691|item|disp=Auswandererkartei der Rußlanddeutschen nach Brasilien, 1870-1940}} Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants from Russia to Brazil. Includes information about dates and places of birth and death (or age) for both spouses and children, place and date of marriage, religion, homeland, date of emigration, profession, and documentary sources. Though most destinations were for Brazil, a few settled in Argentina, Canada, and the U. S. A.
-*'''1870-1940''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420695 Auswandererkartei von Rußlanddeutschen nach Kanada, 1870-1940] Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants from Russia to Canada. Includes information on places and dates of birth and death for both spouses and children, homeland, state of allegiance, religion, date of emigration, place of settlement, occupation, place and date of marriage, wife's full name.
+*'''1870-1940''' {{FSC|420695|item|disp=Auswandererkartei von Rußlanddeutschen nach Kanada, 1870-1940}} Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants from Russia to Canada. Includes information on places and dates of birth and death for both spouses and children, homeland, state of allegiance, religion, date of emigration, place of settlement, occupation, place and date of marriage, wife's full name.
 *'''1899-2012''' {{RecordSearch|2367299|United States, Obituaries, American Historical Society of Germans from Russia, 1899-2012}}, index.
 *[http://www.odessa3.org/ Odessa Digital Library]
-*'''1929-1930''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420708 Auswandererkartei der Rußlanddeutschen, 1929-1930] Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants '''from Russia to Germany, Canada, Brazil, Paraguay, etc'''.
+*'''1929-1930''' {{FSC|420708|item|disp=Auswandererkartei der Rußlanddeutschen, 1929-1930}} Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants '''from Russia to Germany, Canada, Brazil, Paraguay, etc'''.
 *'''1899-2012''' {{RecordSearch|2367299|United States, Obituaries, American Historical Society of Germans from Russia, 1899-2012}}, index.
@@ Line 204: / Line 208: @@
 ===FamilySearch Catalog===
 There are additional sources listed in the FamilySearch Catalog:
-*{{FSC|330111|subject_id|disp=Germany - Emigration and immigration}}
+*{{FSC|Germany - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1591788202|disp=Germany - Emigration and immigration}}
-*{{FSC|348601|subject_id|disp=Germany - Emigration and immigration - Indexes}}
+*{{FSC|Germany - Emigration and immigration - Indexes|subject|subject-id=493020681|disp=Germany - Emigration and immigration - Indexes}}
 These links lead to listings of emigration records for several provinces/states of the German Empire:<br>
@@ Line 212: / Line 216: @@
 |style="vertical-align:top; width:20%; padding-right:1em"|
 '''Independent From Prussia'''<br>
-*{{FSC|378762|subject_id|disp=Baden}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Baden - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1493514070|disp=Baden}}
-*{{FSC|409664|subject_id|disp=Bavaria (Bayern)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Bayern - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=241344676|disp=Bavaria (Bayern)}}
-*{{FSC|529773|subject_id|disp=Brunswick (Braunschweig)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Braunschweig - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1762439840|disp=Brunswick (Braunschweig)}}
-*{{FSC|336298|subject_id|disp=Elsass-Lothringen (Alsace-Lorraine}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Elsaß-Lothringen - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1849851536|disp=Elsass-Lothringen (Alsace-Lorraine}}
-*{{FSC|439452|subject_id|disp=Hesse (Hessen)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Hessen - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=660641508|disp=Hesse (Hessen)}}
-*{{FSC|363094|subject_id|disp=Lippe}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Lippe - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=315469508|disp=Lippe}}
-*{{FSC|373275|subject_id|disp=Oldenburg}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Oldenburg - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1553923924|disp=Oldenburg}}
-*{{FSC|668734|subject_id|disp=Saxony (Sachsen)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Sachsen - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1457847482|disp=Saxony (Sachsen)}}
-*{{FSC|553370|subject_id|disp=Schaumburg-Lippe}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Schaumburg-Lippe - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=463098863|disp=Schaumburg-Lippe}}
-*{{FSC|514940|subject_id|disp=Waldeck}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Waldeck - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1286770585|disp=Waldeck}}
-*{{FSC|415523|subject_id|disp=Württemberg}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Württemberg - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=712088489|disp=Württemberg}}
 |style="vertical-align:top; width:25%; padding-right:1em"|
 '''Prussia (Preussen)'''<br>
-*{{FSC|679541|subject_id|disp=Brandenburg}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Preußen, Brandenburg - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=447137396|disp=Brandenburg}}
-*{{FSC|338141|subject_id|disp=East Prussia (Ostpreussen)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Preußen, Ostpreußen - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=311802621|disp=East Prussia (Ostpreussen)}}
-*{{FSC|520448|subject_id|disp=Hanover (Hannover)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Preußen, Hannover - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1413133324|disp=Hanover (Hannover)}}
-*{{FSC|368441|subject_id|disp=Hesse-Nassau (Hessen-Nassau)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Preußen, Hessen-Nassau - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1148423289|disp=Hesse-Nassau (Hessen-Nassau)}}
-*{{FSC|523900|subject_id|disp=Hohenzollern}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Preußen, Hohenzollern - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1149548861|disp=Hohenzollern}}
-*{{FSC|350585|subject_id|disp=Pomerania (Pommern)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Preußen, Pommern - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=888843861|disp=Pomerania (Pommern)}}
-*{{FSC|657846|subject_id|disp=Posen}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Preußen, Posen - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1012969225|disp=Posen}}
-*{{FSC|1094862|subject_id|disp=Province of Saxony (Provinz Sachsen)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Preußen, Sachsen - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1021434852|disp=Province of Saxony (Provinz Sachsen)}}
-*{{FSC|370136|subject_id|disp=Rhineland (Rheinland)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Preußen, Rheinland - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=141674400|disp=Rhineland (Rheinland)}}
-*{{FSC|372640|subject_id|disp=Silesia (Schlesien)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Preußen, Schlesien - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=727303751|disp=Silesia (Schlesien)}}
-*{{FSC|476947|subject_id|disp=Schleswig-Holstein}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Preußen, Schleswig-Holstein - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1847478712|disp=Schleswig-Holstein}}
-*{{FSC|372933|subject_id|disp=Westphalia (Westfalen)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Preußen, Westfalen - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=234773317|disp=Westphalia (Westfalen)}}
-*{{FSC|352491|subject_id|disp=West Prussia (Westpreussen)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Preußen, Westpreußen - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1381008523|disp=West Prussia (Westpreussen)}}
 |style="vertical-align:top; width:25%; padding-right:1em"|
 '''Thuringia (Thüringen)'''<br>
-*{{FSC|1099458|subject_id|disp=Reuss Younger Line (jüngere Linie)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Reuß jüngere Linie - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1675591375|disp=Reuss Younger Line (jüngere Linie)}}
-*{{FSC|1141185|subject_id|disp=Reuss Elder Line (ältere Linie)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Reuß ältere Linie - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=244241620|disp=Reuss Elder Line (ältere Linie)}}
-*{{FSC|1159189|subject_id|disp=Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=30700190|disp=Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha)}}
-*{{FSC|471953|subject_id|disp=Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach)}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1363113232|disp=Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach)}}
 <br>
 '''City-States'''<br>
-*{{FSC|348601|subject_id|disp=Bremen}}
+*{{FSC|Germany - Emigration and immigration - Indexes|subject|subject-id=493020681|disp=Bremen}}
-*{{FSC|462899|subject_id|disp=Hamburg}}
+*{{FSC|Germany, Hamburg - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=2019793256|disp=Hamburg}}
 <br>