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| style="float:center"|<div id="fsButtons"><span class="online_records_button">[[United States Naturalization Online Genealogy Records]]</span></div> | | style="float:center"|<div id="fsButtons"><span class="online_records_button">[[United States Naturalization Online Genealogy Records]]</span></div> | ||
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==== After 1906 ==== | ==== After 1906 ==== | ||
In 1906, the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization was created. < | In 1906, the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization was created. <ref>Schaefer, Christina K. ''Guide to Naturalization Records of the United States'' (Baltimore, MD: Christina K. Schaefer, 1997).</ref> (Later in 1933, renamed to Immigration and Naturalization Services or INS.) The result was standardized forms throughout the country and a copy of the naturalization papers sent to the agency in addition to the court keeping a copy. The process of naturalization still remained with the courts. The declaration of intention and petition standardized forms contained almost the same information. Additional naturalization records were also kept depending on the time period and these records are only available today at the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (formerly the INS). | ||
After 1906, declarations of intentions and petitions may contain:<br> | After 1906, declarations of intentions and petitions may contain:<br> | ||
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*'''Collective citizenship'''--This naturalization process was used to naturalize a group of people without any supporting documents being created. Collective naturalization happened when the United States became a country in 1776 and all those living in the country (except Native Americans and African Americans) were collectively and automatically made US citizens. <br> | *'''Collective citizenship'''--This naturalization process was used to naturalize a group of people without any supporting documents being created. Collective naturalization happened when the United States became a country in 1776 and all those living in the country (except Native Americans and African Americans) were collectively and automatically made US citizens. <br> | ||
==== Naturalization From 1790-1906< | ==== Naturalization From 1790-1906<ref>Newman, John J. ''American Naturalization Records 1790-1990.'' (Bountiful, UT: Heritage Quest, 1998).</ref> ==== | ||
The first naturalization law was enacted in 1790. Over the years, naturalization laws changed numerous times, but generally speaking the process required a declaration of intention and a petition to be filed to become a citizen. The immigrant also had to be a resident in the United States 5 years and a 1 year resident in the the state before becoming a citizen. In 1795, the law stated there was a 3 year residency requirement. In 1798, it was changed to 14 years. However in 1802, the law was changed back to a 5 year residency requirement in the United States and remains a requirement to this day.< | The first naturalization law was enacted in 1790. Over the years, naturalization laws changed numerous times, but generally speaking the process required a declaration of intention and a petition to be filed to become a citizen. The immigrant also had to be a resident in the United States 5 years and a 1 year resident in the the state before becoming a citizen. In 1795, the law stated there was a 3 year residency requirement. In 1798, it was changed to 14 years. However in 1802, the law was changed back to a 5 year residency requirement in the United States and remains a requirement to this day.<ref>US Citizenship and Immigration Services, "Citizenship Through Naturalization," https://www.uscis.gov/us-citizenship/citizenship-through-naturalization, accessed Sept 9, 2019.</ref> | ||
The naturalization process is completed in a court of law. The process usually required several steps to complete and various documents related to naturalization may be found in the court records described below. | The naturalization process is completed in a court of law. The process usually required several steps to complete and various documents related to naturalization may be found in the court records described below. | ||
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:*Fingerprint | :*Fingerprint | ||
:*Signature | :*Signature | ||
:*Date and place of registration< | :*Date and place of registration<ref>United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, :Alien Registration Forms on Microfilm, 1940-1944</ref> | ||
=== Naturalization Records by State === | === Naturalization Records by State === | ||
{{ | {{Naturalization States}} | ||
=== Locating Records by Time Period === | === Locating Records by Time Period === | ||
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Two good sources to begin searching for colonial naturalization records are <br> | Two good sources to begin searching for colonial naturalization records are <br> | ||
*Filby, P. William. ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s- 1900s. ''This source has indexed published passenger lists as well as early published naturalization records. ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s- 1900s'' identifies the original sources where the information came from. {{ | *Filby, P. William. ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s- 1900s. ''This source has indexed published passenger lists as well as early published naturalization records. ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s- 1900s'' identifies the original sources where the information came from. {{FSC|291926|item|disp=FS Library 973 W32p, numerous supplements}}; '''Online at:''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7486 Ancestry.com] - ($), Supplements published after 2012 are not included. | ||
*Bockstruck, Lloyd deWitt. ''Denizations and Naturalizations in the British Colonies in America, 1607-1775''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2005. {{ | *Bockstruck, Lloyd deWitt. ''Denizations and Naturalizations in the British Colonies in America, 1607-1775''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2005. {{FSC|1210002|item|disp=FS Library Book 970 P4b}}. | ||
==== Records Between 1790 and 1906 ==== | ==== Records Between 1790 and 1906 ==== | ||
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Under the Act of March 2, 1929, individuals who derived citizenship through a parent's naturalization could apply for and receive a Certificate of Citizenship in their own name. Applicants age 21 or older applied to the Bureau of Naturalization, later the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS, now [http://www.uscis.gov/genealogy USCIS]), and that agency issues such certificates without any involvement of the courts. For this reason records of certificates of derivative citizenship are available only from [http://www.uscis.gov/genealogy USCIS]. Many immigrants who derived citizenship in the 1870's, 1880's, or 1890's later applied for derivative certificates in the 1930's and 1940's. Certificates of Citizenship issued between 1929 and 1956 are among the [https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy/historical-record-series/certificate-files-september-27-1906-march-31-1956 USCIS Certificate Files (C-Files)], while those issued after 1956 are among the [https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy/historical-record-series/a-files-numbered-below-8-million USCIS Alien Files (A-Files)]. | Under the Act of March 2, 1929, individuals who derived citizenship through a parent's naturalization could apply for and receive a Certificate of Citizenship in their own name. Applicants age 21 or older applied to the Bureau of Naturalization, later the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS, now [http://www.uscis.gov/genealogy USCIS]), and that agency issues such certificates without any involvement of the courts. For this reason records of certificates of derivative citizenship are available only from [http://www.uscis.gov/genealogy USCIS]. Many immigrants who derived citizenship in the 1870's, 1880's, or 1890's later applied for derivative certificates in the 1930's and 1940's. Certificates of Citizenship issued between 1929 and 1956 are among the [https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy/historical-record-series/certificate-files-september-27-1906-march-31-1956 USCIS Certificate Files (C-Files)], while those issued after 1956 are among the [https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy/historical-record-series/a-files-numbered-below-8-million USCIS Alien Files (A-Files)]. | ||
The Act of May 26, 1824 allowed immigrants who arrived before their 18th birthday to, upon reaching age 21, petition for naturalization without filing a prior declaration of intention. Petitions filed under this provision are usually called "'''Minor Naturalizations'''" because they relate to individuals who arrived as a minor (but who were an adult, age 21 or older, when actually naturalized). They are also examples of "one paper naturalizations" because no declaration was required. Many courts combined the declaration and petition documents into a form for this document which may or may not include the word "minor" in the title. Regular forms will cite the 1824 Act. The minor naturalization provision was often abused and was repealed in 1906.< | The Act of May 26, 1824 allowed immigrants who arrived before their 18th birthday to, upon reaching age 21, petition for naturalization without filing a prior declaration of intention. Petitions filed under this provision are usually called "'''Minor Naturalizations'''" because they relate to individuals who arrived as a minor (but who were an adult, age 21 or older, when actually naturalized). They are also examples of "one paper naturalizations" because no declaration was required. Many courts combined the declaration and petition documents into a form for this document which may or may not include the word "minor" in the title. Regular forms will cite the 1824 Act. The minor naturalization provision was often abused and was repealed in 1906.<ref>Newman, John J. ''American Naturalization Records 1790-1990.'' (Bountiful, UT: Heritage Quest, 1998).</ref> | ||
==== Women ==== | ==== Women ==== | ||
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==== Collective Naturalization ==== | ==== Collective Naturalization ==== | ||
< | <ref>Greenwood, Val D. ''The Researcher's Guide to American Genealogy'', 3rd ed. (Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 2000)</ref> | ||
In some instances, entire groups have been collectively granted U.S. citizenship. Collective naturalization is defined as a group of people all receiving their citizenship through an act of congress or treaty. In these cases you will not find individual naturalization papers. <br> | In some instances, entire groups have been collectively granted U.S. citizenship. Collective naturalization is defined as a group of people all receiving their citizenship through an act of congress or treaty. In these cases you will not find individual naturalization papers. <br> | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
< | <references /> | ||
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[[fr:Etats-Unis : Naturalisation et Citoyenneté]] | [[fr:Etats-Unis : Naturalisation et Citoyenneté]] | ||
[[Category:United_States_Naturalization_and_Citizenship]] | [[Category:United_States_Naturalization_and_Citizenship]] | ||
[[Category:United States Court Records]] | [[Category:United States Court Records]] | ||
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