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== Online | ==Online Resources== | ||
*'''1839-1968''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-20655/france-nord-pas-de-calais-mining-personnel?s=275764761 France, Nord-Pas-de-Calais Mining Personnel] at MyHeritage — index & images ($) | |||
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-20298/france-national-directory-of-elected-officials?s=275764761 France, National Directory of Elected Officials] at MyHeritage — index ($) | *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-20298/france-national-directory-of-elected-officials?s=275764761 France, National Directory of Elected Officials] at MyHeritage — index ($) | ||
[[Category:France | == Burgess rolls and guild records (Registres de bourgeoisie et corporations de métiers) == | ||
This record gives citizen lists and inhabitants of a given town; lists of persons entitled to the rights, privileges, and protection of a town or community ranging from 1300-1800. Some as early as the 12th century. Content of these records may include:Names, ages, sometimes social and economic status of citizens, occupations, town of origin, dates when citizenship rights in a town were acquired, sometimes family relationships. | |||
Records are located at the National, departmental, municipal and town archives. These records can cover up to 20% of the population. This may often be helpful for liking several generations and give the town of origin of the ancestor. | |||
==French Occupations List== | |||
====A==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| accoucheur || obstetrician | |||
|- | |||
| accoucheuse || midwife | |||
|- | |||
| adjudicateur || judge, awarder | |||
|- | |||
| admodiateur || national agent | |||
|- | |||
| agent des postes || post office employee | |||
|- | |||
| agent national || federal agent | |||
|- | |||
| agent voyer || road surveyor, inspector of highways | |||
|- | |||
| anspessade || rigman, pikeman | |||
|- | |||
| apothicaire || apothecary, druggist | |||
|- | |||
| appareilleur || workman (construction) | |||
|- | |||
| apprêteur || hat trimmer or finisher | |||
|- | |||
| arboriculteur (arboriste) || arboriculturist, nurseryman | |||
|- | |||
| archichancelier || grnd chancellor | |||
|- | |||
| archichapelain || head chaplain | |||
|- | |||
| archidiacre || archdeacon | |||
|- | |||
| archiviste || records keeper | |||
|- | |||
| argenteur || silver plater | |||
|- | |||
| argentier || treasurer | |||
|- | |||
| argoulet || mounted archer | |||
|- | |||
| argousin || prison warden | |||
|- | |||
| armateur gérant || ship's husband or manager | |||
|- | |||
| armurier || armorer, gunsmith | |||
|- | |||
| arpète || errand boy, apprentice | |||
|- | |||
| arquebusier || gunsmith | |||
|- | |||
| arrimeur || stevedore | |||
|- | |||
| artificier || fire work marker | |||
|- | |||
| artilleur || artilleryman | |||
|- | |||
| ascensionniste || climber, balloonist | |||
|- | |||
| asservisseur || slaver | |||
|- | |||
| assesseur || assessor | |||
|- | |||
| assureur || insurer | |||
|- | |||
| aubergiste || innkeeper | |||
|- | |||
| avant-coureur || herald, forerunner | |||
|- | |||
| aviculteur || poultry farmer | |||
|- | |||
| avocat || lawyer, barrister | |||
|- | |||
| avoyer || Swiss cantonal magistrate | |||
|} | |||
====B==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| bachoteur || ferryman | |||
|- | |||
| bailleur || lessor (baner) | |||
|- | |||
| bailli || baillif | |||
|- | |||
| baliseur || buoy tender | |||
|- | |||
| ballonnier || balloon vendor | |||
|- | |||
| bandagiste || truss maker | |||
|- | |||
| bardeur || stone carrier | |||
|- | |||
| barilleur or barillier || cooper | |||
|- | |||
| barnum || showman | |||
|- | |||
| barreur || helmsman | |||
|- | |||
| bateleur || juggler | |||
|- | |||
| bêcheur || ditch digger | |||
|- | |||
| bedeau || church usher, verger | |||
|- | |||
| berger || shepherd | |||
|- | |||
| bétonnière || concrete mixer | |||
|- | |||
| beurrier || butter man | |||
|- | |||
| biffin || infantryman | |||
|- | |||
| billardier || billiard, table maker | |||
|- | |||
| bineur || hoer (farmer) | |||
|- | |||
| blasonneur || interpreter of coats of arms | |||
|- | |||
| bloqueur || brakeman | |||
|- | |||
| bluteur || bolt maker | |||
|- | |||
| boiseur || timberman (mining) | |||
|- | |||
| boisselier || bushel maker and cooper | |||
|- | |||
| bossetier || glass blower | |||
|- | |||
| boucher || butcher | |||
|- | |||
| bouchonnier || cork vendor or maker | |||
|- | |||
| bouilleur || distiller of spirits | |||
|- | |||
| boulanger || baker | |||
|- | |||
| bourgeois || townsman, citizen | |||
|- | |||
| bourrelier || harness maker | |||
|- | |||
| bousilleur || adobe builder | |||
|- | |||
| boutillier || cup bearer | |||
|- | |||
| boutonnier || button maker | |||
|- | |||
| boyaudier || gut spinner | |||
|- | |||
| braconnier || poacher | |||
|- | |||
| briqueteur || bricklayer | |||
|- | |||
| briquetier || brick maker | |||
|- | |||
| bûcheron || woodcutter | |||
|- | |||
| buffetier || room keeper | |||
|- | |||
| burineur || engraver | |||
|} | |||
====C==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| cabaretier || tavern-keeper | |||
|- | |||
| cadranier || dial maker | |||
|- | |||
| cageur || raftman | |||
|- | |||
| caillouteur || roadman | |||
|- | |||
| calligraphe || penman | |||
|- | |||
| calotin || churchgoer, priest | |||
|- | |||
| calottier || cap maker | |||
|- | |||
| calvanier || laborer in harvest time | |||
|- | |||
| cambrioleur || burglar | |||
|- | |||
| canetière || spooler (woman) | |||
|- | |||
| canoteur || oarsman | |||
|- | |||
| cantonnier || roadman (worker) | |||
|- | |||
| canut || silk weaver | |||
|- | |||
| capitoril || town councellor | |||
|- | |||
| cardinaliste || partisan of Richelieu or Mazarin | |||
|- | |||
| carreleur || floor tiler | |||
|- | |||
| cartomancien || fortune teller | |||
|- | |||
| cartonneur || book binder | |||
|- | |||
| casernier || barrack warden | |||
|- | |||
| catalogueur || cataloguer | |||
|- | |||
| catégoriseur || one who categorizes | |||
|- | |||
| centurier || maker of belts | |||
|- | |||
| certificateur || certifier | |||
|- | |||
| chagrinier || shagreen maker | |||
|- | |||
| chaineur || chain measurer | |||
|- | |||
| chainiste || chain maker (surveyor) | |||
|- | |||
| chambrier || chamberlain | |||
|- | |||
| chamelier || camel driver | |||
|- | |||
| champêtre || village policeman | |||
|- | |||
| champignonniste || mushroom grower | |||
|- | |||
| chanoine || canon | |||
|- | |||
| chansonnier || song writer | |||
|- | |||
| chapelier || hatter | |||
|- | |||
| chapier || cope bearer | |||
|- | |||
| charcutier || pork butcher | |||
|- | |||
| chargeur || loader, stoker | |||
|- | |||
| chariot || public executioner (eighteenth century Paris) | |||
|- | |||
| charpentier || carpenter, shipwright | |||
|- | |||
| charretier || waggoner | |||
|- | |||
| charron || wheelwright | |||
|- | |||
| chasse-marée || fish cart driver | |||
|- | |||
| chasseur || hunter | |||
|- | |||
| chasublier || church finisher | |||
|- | |||
| châtreur || gelder | |||
|- | |||
| châtelain || castellan | |||
|- | |||
| chaufournier || lime merchant | |||
|- | |||
| chaulier || lime burner | |||
|- | |||
| chaumier || thatcher | |||
|- | |||
| chaussetier || hosier | |||
|- | |||
| chausseur || shoe salesman | |||
|- | |||
| chef d'escadron || cavalry major | |||
|- | |||
| chef d'orchestre || bandmaster, conductor | |||
|- | |||
| chef de gare || station master | |||
|- | |||
| cheminot || railwayman | |||
|- | |||
| chemisier || shirt maker | |||
|- | |||
| chevalier-errant || knight-errant | |||
|- | |||
| chevaucheur || rider, horseman | |||
|- | |||
| chevau-léger || light cavalryman | |||
|- | |||
| chevillard || wholesale meat salesman | |||
|- | |||
| chevrière || goat girl | |||
|- | |||
| chiffreur || code maker, cipherer | |||
|- | |||
| chimiste || chemist | |||
|- | |||
| chiromancien || palmist | |||
|- | |||
| chirurgien || surgeon | |||
|- | |||
| choriste || chorister | |||
|- | |||
| Chrétien || Christian | |||
|- | |||
| chroniqueur || chronicler | |||
|- | |||
| chronométreur || time keeper | |||
|- | |||
| cimentier || cement maker | |||
|- | |||
| cingleur || shingler | |||
|- | |||
| cirier || wax worker | |||
|- | |||
| ciseleur || carver, sculptor | |||
|- | |||
| cloutier || nail maker | |||
|- | |||
| cocher || coachman, driver | |||
|- | |||
| coédacteur || co-editor | |||
|- | |||
| colocataire || joint tenant | |||
|- | |||
| colombophile || pigeon breeder | |||
|- | |||
| colon || colonist, planter, farmer | |||
|- | |||
| coltineur || coal porter | |||
|- | |||
| commercant || trader, merchant | |||
|- | |||
| communard || member of the Parish commune | |||
|- | |||
| commis || clerk | |||
|- | |||
| compatable || accountant, expert compatable auditor | |||
|- | |||
| concesseur || grantor (will) | |||
|- | |||
| concierge || doorkeeper, janitor | |||
|- | |||
| conclaviste || attendant priest at conclave | |||
|- | |||
| condisciple || schoolfellow | |||
|- | |||
| conférencier || lecturer | |||
|- | |||
| confiturier || preserve maker | |||
|- | |||
| connaisseur || expert | |||
|- | |||
| sonteur || story teller | |||
|- | |||
| contrebandier || smuggler | |||
|- | |||
| contrefacteur || counterfeiter | |||
|- | |||
| convayeur || conveying officer, guard | |||
|- | |||
| copain || pal, friend | |||
|- | |||
| copermutant || one who exchanges with another | |||
|- | |||
| copreneur || co-lessee, joint tennant | |||
|- | |||
| corailleur || coral fisher | |||
|- | |||
| cornemuseur || piper | |||
|- | |||
| corroyeur || currier, leather worker | |||
|- | |||
| corsetier || corset maker | |||
|- | |||
| courrier || messenger, courier, post-boy | |||
|- | |||
| cousette || apprentice of a dress maker | |||
|- | |||
| couturier || seamstress | |||
|- | |||
| couventine || nun, convent school girl | |||
|- | |||
| croque-note || street musician | |||
|- | |||
| cuisinier || cook | |||
|- | |||
| cultivateur || farmer | |||
|- | |||
| curé || priest | |||
|} | |||
====D==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| débâcleur || water or port bailiff | |||
|- | |||
| déballeur || unpacker | |||
|- | |||
| débardeur || workman who unloads | |||
|- | |||
| décrueur or décruseur || a person who prepares silk for dying | |||
|- | |||
| définiteur || deputy curate | |||
|- | |||
| défricheur || clearer, settler | |||
|- | |||
| dégraisseur || wool scourer | |||
|- | |||
| dégrossisseur || one who rough hews, trims | |||
|- | |||
| dégustateur || wine taster | |||
|- | |||
| dentellier, ère || lacemaker (male, female) | |||
|- | |||
| détrousseur || highwayman, robber | |||
|- | |||
| dévaliseur || thief, burglar | |||
|- | |||
| devancier || predecessor, ancestor | |||
|- | |||
| diaconesse || deaconess | |||
|- | |||
| diacre || deacon | |||
|- | |||
| diseur || sayer, teller (soothsayer) | |||
|- | |||
| domestique || servant, domestic | |||
|- | |||
| donataire || donee, receiver | |||
|- | |||
| donateur or donneur || donor, giver | |||
|- | |||
| doreur || gilder | |||
|- | |||
| douanier || custom officer | |||
|- | |||
| draveur || raftsman, wood floater | |||
|- | |||
| droguiste || druggist | |||
|- | |||
| drousseur || wool comber | |||
|} | |||
====E==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| ébaucheur || workman employed to rough-hew | |||
|- | |||
| ébéniste || cabinet maker | |||
|- | |||
| éboueur || road sweeper, scavenger | |||
|- | |||
| ébourgeonneur || bud trimmer, vineyard pruner | |||
|- | |||
| écailler || oyster man | |||
|- | |||
| échangiste || exchanger, free trader | |||
|- | |||
| échanson || cup bearers | |||
|- | |||
| échevin || sheriff, alderman | |||
|- | |||
| éclusier || sluceman, lock-keeper | |||
|- | |||
| écorcheur || knacker, fleecer | |||
|- | |||
| écoreur || supervisor | |||
|- | |||
| écosseur || sheller | |||
|- | |||
| écraseur || crusher | |||
|- | |||
| écureur de marmites || sponger | |||
|- | |||
| édificateur || builder | |||
|- | |||
| élagueur || pruner | |||
|- | |||
| embatteur or embateur || cooper, smith | |||
|- | |||
| embaumeur || embalmer | |||
|- | |||
| emmancheur || handle maker | |||
|- | |||
| émondeur || pruner, trimmer | |||
|- | |||
| émouleur || knife sharpener | |||
|- | |||
| émpailleur || chair mender | |||
|- | |||
| encadreur || frame maker | |||
|- | |||
| encaisseur || cashier | |||
|- | |||
| encaqueur || herring packer | |||
|- | |||
| enchérisseur || bidder (auction) | |||
|- | |||
| engagé || pledged to military, engaged to be married | |||
|- | |||
| enquêteur || investigator | |||
|- | |||
| entrebâilleur || door porter | |||
|- | |||
| entreposeur || warehouse keeper | |||
|- | |||
| entrepreneur de transports || forwarding agent | |||
|- | |||
| entrepreneur de pompes funèbres || undertaker | |||
|- | |||
| entrepreneur de maçonnerie || master mason | |||
|- | |||
| épistolographe || letter writer | |||
|- | |||
| escrimeur || fencer | |||
|- | |||
| essayeur || assayer, estimator | |||
|- | |||
| essayiste || essayist | |||
|- | |||
| estampeur || stamper | |||
|- | |||
| étalonneur || inspector of weights | |||
|- | |||
| étameur || tinner, one who makes mirrors | |||
|- | |||
| évaluateur || valuer, appraiser | |||
|- | |||
| éventailliste || fan maker | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====F==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| facteur || maker, manufacturer, porter, postman | |||
|- | |||
| facturier || invoice clerk | |||
|- | |||
| faisandier || pheasant breeder | |||
|- | |||
| fantassin || foot soldier, infantryman | |||
|- | |||
| farinier || flour dealer | |||
|- | |||
| fauconnier || falconer | |||
|- | |||
| femme de chambre || parlor maid | |||
|- | |||
| femme de charge || housekeeper | |||
|- | |||
| femme de lettres || authoress | |||
|- | |||
| femme poète || poetess | |||
|- | |||
| femme sculpteur || sculptoress | |||
|- | |||
| femme médecin || doctor (female) | |||
|- | |||
| femme-agent || police woman | |||
|- | |||
| femme-soldat || service woman | |||
|- | |||
| ferblantier || tinman | |||
|- | |||
| fermier || tenant farmer | |||
|- | |||
| ferrant || shoeing smith | |||
|- | |||
| ferreur || shoeing smith | |||
|- | |||
| ficeleur || packer | |||
|- | |||
| flibustier || buccaneer | |||
|- | |||
| flottard || naval cadet | |||
|- | |||
| fondeur || founder, caster | |||
|- | |||
| fontainier || fountain maker | |||
|- | |||
| forban || pirate | |||
|- | |||
| foreur || borer, driller | |||
|- | |||
| forgeron || blacksmith | |||
|- | |||
| fouilleur || excavator | |||
|- | |||
| fouleur || fuller, wine presser | |||
|- | |||
| fourbisseur || furbisher, sword cutter | |||
|- | |||
| fourier || social scientist | |||
|- | |||
| fournier || oven keeper, parish baker | |||
|- | |||
| fourrageur || forager, marauder | |||
|- | |||
| francs-tenancier || freeholder | |||
|- | |||
| frangeuse || fringe maker | |||
|- | |||
| fraudeur || defrauder, smuggler | |||
|- | |||
| fréteur || freighter, charterer | |||
|- | |||
| frocard (coll.) || monk | |||
|- | |||
| fromager || cheese maker | |||
|- | |||
| frotteur || floor scrubber | |||
|- | |||
| fuyard || fugitive, runaway | |||
|} | |||
====G==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| gabelou || workman who collects salt tariffs | |||
|- | |||
| gagne-deniers || unskilled worker | |||
|- | |||
| gagne-pain || breadwinner, livelihood | |||
|- | |||
| gagne-petit || knife grinder | |||
|- | |||
| gainier || sheath maker, scabbard maker | |||
|- | |||
| galibot || pit boy | |||
|- | |||
| gantier || glove maker | |||
|- | |||
| garant || guarantor | |||
|- | |||
| garantisseur || warranter | |||
|- | |||
| garçon de cabine || cabin steward | |||
|- | |||
| garçon d'honneur || bestman | |||
|- | |||
| garçon tailleur || journeyman tailor | |||
|- | |||
| garae || guard, watchman | |||
|- | |||
| garde de cheval || horse guard | |||
|- | |||
| garde-port || harbor master | |||
|- | |||
| gargotier || keeper of cook shop | |||
|- | |||
| garnisaire || bailiffs man, garrison member | |||
|- | |||
| garnisseur || trimmer | |||
|- | |||
| gaureur || gofferer, maker of waffles | |||
|- | |||
| gazier || gas fitter | |||
|- | |||
| gazier || gauze maker | |||
|- | |||
| gemmeur || tapper | |||
|- | |||
| geôlier || jailer | |||
|- | |||
| gérant || manager, editor | |||
|- | |||
| giboyeur || fowler, sportsman | |||
|- | |||
| gigolette || street walker | |||
|- | |||
| giletier || waistcoat maker | |||
|- | |||
| gindre or geindre || journeyman baker | |||
|- | |||
| gitan || gypsy (male) | |||
|- | |||
| gitane || gypsy (female) | |||
|- | |||
| glaceur || glazer | |||
|- | |||
| gobeletier || cup maker or seller | |||
|- | |||
| godilleur || sculler, oarsman | |||
|- | |||
| goujat || soldiers' servant, hod carrier | |||
|- | |||
| gourgandine || harlot | |||
|- | |||
| gradé || noncommissioned officer | |||
|- | |||
| grainier || seedman | |||
|- | |||
| graisseur || oiler, lubricator | |||
|- | |||
| grand seigneur || grand lord | |||
|- | |||
| grand-prêtre || high priest | |||
|- | |||
| grand prévôt || provost marshal | |||
|- | |||
| grand veneur || master of the hounds | |||
|- | |||
| grappilleur || grape gleaner | |||
|- | |||
| gréeur || rigger | |||
|- | |||
| greffeur || grafter | |||
|- | |||
| greffier || registrar, recorder | |||
|- | |||
| grimpeur || climber | |||
|- | |||
| griveleur || pilferer | |||
|- | |||
| gruyer || clerical position, prevot | |||
|- | |||
| guêtrier || gaiter maker | |||
|- | |||
| gueusard, gueux || beggar, ragamuffin | |||
|} | |||
====H==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| habilleur || dresser (theater) | |||
|- | |||
| hache-légumes || vegetable mincer | |||
|- | |||
| hache-paille || chaff cutter | |||
|- | |||
| hache-viande || mincer | |||
|- | |||
| haleur || hauler, boat tower | |||
|- | |||
| hallier || market or stall keeper | |||
|- | |||
| harengère || fish-wife | |||
|- | |||
| Hébraisant or Hébraiste || Hebraist (specialist in Hebrew) | |||
|- | |||
| herbager || grazier | |||
|- | |||
| herbière || herb woman | |||
|- | |||
| herboriste || herbalist, dealer in herbs | |||
|- | |||
| hercheur || haulage boy | |||
|- | |||
| histrion || actor, stage player | |||
|- | |||
| homme de cheval || horseman | |||
|- | |||
| homme de journée || day laborer | |||
|- | |||
| homme de loi || lawyer | |||
|- | |||
| homme de peine || laborer | |||
|- | |||
| homme de robe || lawyer | |||
|- | |||
| homme-grenouille || frogman | |||
|- | |||
| homme-sandwich || sandwich man | |||
|- | |||
| horloger || clock maker | |||
|- | |||
| hôte, hôtesse || host, hostess | |||
|- | |||
| hôtelier || innkeeper, host | |||
|- | |||
| houilleur || coal miner | |||
|- | |||
| hucier || bin maker | |||
|- | |||
| huissier || crier of the court, usher | |||
|} | |||
====I==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| immigré || settler, immigrant | |||
|- | |||
| imprimeur || printer, pressman | |||
|- | |||
| immolateur || immolator, sacrificer | |||
|- | |||
| inconnu || unknown person | |||
|- | |||
| indigotier || indigo manufacturer | |||
|- | |||
| ingénieur || engineer | |||
|- | |||
| inquisiteur || inquisitor | |||
|- | |||
| instaurateur || founder | |||
|- | |||
| interpellateur || questioner | |||
|} | |||
====J==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| Jardinier || gardner | |||
|- | |||
| jaugeur || gauger, one who measures capacity | |||
|- | |||
| journalier || journeyman, day laborer | |||
|- | |||
| juge || judge | |||
|- | |||
| juré || juror, juryman | |||
|} | |||
====L==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| laboureur || plowman, farmer | |||
|- | |||
| laineur || tea seller | |||
|- | |||
| lainier || wool merchant, worker | |||
|- | |||
| lamaneur || harbor or river pilot | |||
|- | |||
| lamier || heddle maker | |||
|- | |||
| lamineur || flattener, roller | |||
|- | |||
| lampiste || lampmaker, lamplighter | |||
|- | |||
| langueyeur || examiner of hog's tongue | |||
|- | |||
| larron || thief, robber | |||
|- | |||
| laveur || washer, scurrer | |||
|- | |||
| layetier || box maker, packing case maker | |||
|- | |||
| le vicaire de Jésus Christ || the pope | |||
|- | |||
| lecteur || reader, proofreader | |||
|- | |||
| lépreux || leper | |||
|- | |||
| lesteur || ballast heaver | |||
|- | |||
| Lévite || Levite, ecclesiastic | |||
|- | |||
| libraire || bookseller, trader | |||
|- | |||
| lignager || kinsman | |||
|- | |||
| limur || filer, wood finisher | |||
|- | |||
| limonadier || lemonade seller | |||
|- | |||
| lisseur || polisher | |||
|- | |||
| littérateur || literaryman, author | |||
|- | |||
| loueur || hired out, hired hand | |||
|- | |||
| loueur de bateaux || boat keeper | |||
|- | |||
| loueur de bicyclettes || bicycle renter | |||
|- | |||
| lubrificateur || lubricator | |||
|- | |||
| lunetier || spectacle maker, optician | |||
|- | |||
| lutteur || wrestler | |||
|} | |||
====M==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| magister || village schoolmaster | |||
|- | |||
| maieur || (Belgium) mayor | |||
|- | |||
| mairesse || mayoress | |||
|- | |||
| maître d'école || school teacher | |||
|- | |||
| maître d'equipage || boatswain | |||
|- | |||
| malletier || trunk maker | |||
|- | |||
| malteur || maltman, maltster | |||
|- | |||
| maltôtier || tax gatherer | |||
|- | |||
| mandant || employer | |||
|- | |||
| manieur || handler, manager | |||
|- | |||
| manoeuvre || common worker | |||
|- | |||
| manoeuvrier || expert seaman, tactician | |||
|- | |||
| manutentionnaire || manager, army storekeeper | |||
|- | |||
| maquignon || horse dealer, go-between | |||
|- | |||
| maraîcher || market gardener | |||
|- | |||
| marbreur || marbler | |||
|- | |||
| marbrier || marble cutter, polisher, quarry | |||
|- | |||
| marcaire || stable person | |||
|- | |||
| marchand en détail || retail merchant | |||
|- | |||
| maréchal || marshal, field marshal | |||
|- | |||
| maréchal ferrant || blacksmith | |||
|- | |||
| mareyeur || fish salesman | |||
|- | |||
| marié || married man | |||
|- | |||
| marieur || matchmaker | |||
|- | |||
| marqueteur || inlayer | |||
|- | |||
| marqueur (euse) || marker, scorer, tally keeper | |||
|- | |||
| marteleur || hammerman | |||
|- | |||
| matelot || sailor, seaman | |||
|- | |||
| mastroquet || pub keeper | |||
|- | |||
| mécanicien || mechanic, machinist | |||
|- | |||
| mécanicienne || sewing girl | |||
|- | |||
| médailleur || die sinker | |||
|- | |||
| mégissier || tawer, leather dresser | |||
|- | |||
| ménagère || housewife | |||
|- | |||
| mendiant || beggar | |||
|- | |||
| menuisier || joiner, carpenter | |||
|- | |||
| mercier || haberdasher | |||
|- | |||
| messire || sire, master, squire | |||
|- | |||
| métreur || appraiser | |||
|- | |||
| meunier || miller | |||
|- | |||
| milicier || militiaman | |||
|- | |||
| miroitier || looking glass maker, vendor | |||
|- | |||
| modellist or modéliste || dress designer | |||
|- | |||
| moine || monk, friar | |||
|- | |||
| monnayeur || coiner, minter | |||
|- | |||
| monseigneur || my lord, archbishop | |||
|- | |||
| monteur || setter, mounter of jewels | |||
|- | |||
| montreur || showman, exhibitor | |||
|- | |||
| mousse || cabin boy, ship boy | |||
|- | |||
| mulâtre || mulatto | |||
|- | |||
| mytiliculteur || mussel breeder | |||
|} | |||
====N==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| nielleur || enameller in niello | |||
|- | |||
| niveleur || leveller | |||
|- | |||
| nocher || pilot, boatman | |||
|- | |||
| nolisateur or noliseur || freighter, charterer | |||
|- | |||
| nosologiste || classificator of illnesses | |||
|- | |||
| notaire || notary, solicitor | |||
|- | |||
| nourrice || wet nurse | |||
|- | |||
| nourrisseur || cow keeper, cattle feeder | |||
|- | |||
| nouvelliste || newswriter, short story writer | |||
|} | |||
====O==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| oenophile || wine connoisseur | |||
|- | |||
| officier reformé || half pay officer | |||
|- | |||
| officiers mariniers || petty officers | |||
|- | |||
| oiseleur || bird catcher, fowler | |||
|- | |||
| oiselier || bird seller | |||
|- | |||
| oleiculteur || olive grower or manufacturer | |||
|- | |||
| ornemaniste || sculptor, painter of ornaments | |||
|- | |||
| orpailleur || gold washer, seeker | |||
|- | |||
| ostréiculteur || oyster growers | |||
|- | |||
| outilleur || tool maker | |||
|} | |||
====P==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| pailleur || dealer in straw | |||
|- | |||
| palefrenier || groom, ostler | |||
|- | |||
| panetier || bread store keeper | |||
|- | |||
| pantouflier || slipper maker | |||
|- | |||
| paqueteur || packer | |||
|- | |||
| parcheminier || parchment maker | |||
|- | |||
| parqueteur || floor layer | |||
|- | |||
| patachon || captain, steersman, coach driver | |||
|- | |||
| patenté || licensed dealer | |||
|- | |||
| paumier || tennis court keeper | |||
|- | |||
| payeur || payer, pay clerk master | |||
|- | |||
| paysagiste || landscape painter | |||
|- | |||
| peaussier || skinner, skin dresser | |||
|- | |||
| pêcheur || fisherman | |||
|- | |||
| pédiatre || pediatrician, children's doctor | |||
|- | |||
| peigneur || wool comber | |||
|- | |||
| peignier || comb maker, seller | |||
|- | |||
| peintre || painter | |||
|- | |||
| peintre verrier || painter on glass, stained glass maker | |||
|- | |||
| peloteur || ball maker | |||
|- | |||
| péquenot || peasant, bumpkin | |||
|- | |||
| perrier || quarryman | |||
|- | |||
| perruquier || barber, wigmaker | |||
|- | |||
| peseur || weigher | |||
|- | |||
| philatéliste || stamp collector | |||
|- | |||
| piqueur || outrider, overseer | |||
|- | |||
| piquier || pike man | |||
|- | |||
| pilote || pilot, guide | |||
|- | |||
| pisteur || tout, tracker, spy | |||
|- | |||
| placeur || placer, registry office keeper | |||
|- | |||
| plaqueur || silver plater | |||
|- | |||
| plombeur || stamper (custom house) | |||
|- | |||
| plombier || lead worker, plumber | |||
|- | |||
| plumassier || feather merchant | |||
|- | |||
| poêlier || stove dealer or maker | |||
|- | |||
| pointilliste || stipple engraver, pointillist | |||
|- | |||
| polisseur || polisher | |||
|- | |||
| pompier || pump maker, fireman | |||
|- | |||
| pompiste || pump attendant | |||
|- | |||
| pontier || bridge keeper | |||
|- | |||
| porcelainier || porcelain maker, worker | |||
|- | |||
| porion || fireman in coal mine | |||
|- | |||
| portageur || toter, carrier | |||
|- | |||
| porte-auge || hod carrier | |||
|- | |||
| porteballe || pedlar, packman | |||
|- | |||
| porte-étendard || standard bearer, coronet | |||
|- | |||
| portefaix || porter, street porter | |||
|- | |||
| porteflambeau || torchbearer, linkman | |||
|- | |||
| porte-masse || mace bearer | |||
|- | |||
| poseur || one who lays down stones | |||
|- | |||
| posticheur || wig maker | |||
|- | |||
| postier || post office employee | |||
|- | |||
| potard || chemist's clerk | |||
|- | |||
| poudrier || gunpowder maker | |||
|- | |||
| pouldiller || poulterer | |||
|- | |||
| pousse-cailloux || footslogger, infantryman | |||
|- | |||
| précepteur || tutor, teacher | |||
|- | |||
| prêcheur || preacher | |||
|- | |||
| premier-né || firstborn | |||
|- | |||
| prêteur || lender | |||
|- | |||
| prêteur sur gages || pawnbroker | |||
|- | |||
| prêtre || priest | |||
|- | |||
| prêtresse || priestess | |||
|- | |||
| prévôt de salle d'armes || fencing master's assistant | |||
|- | |||
| prévot des marchands || provost of the guilds | |||
|- | |||
| prieur || prior (superior of a covenant) | |||
|- | |||
| priseur || snuff taker | |||
|- | |||
| prochain || neighbor | |||
|- | |||
| procureur de la République || public prosecutor | |||
|- | |||
| procureur général || attorney general | |||
|- | |||
| propriétaire || landholder | |||
|- | |||
| prosateur || prose writer | |||
|- | |||
| protuteur || acting guardian | |||
|- | |||
| proviseur || headmaster | |||
|- | |||
| pugiliste || boxer, fighter | |||
|} | |||
====R==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| radoubeur || ship repairer, caulker | |||
|- | |||
| raffineur || sugar refiner | |||
|- | |||
| ramasseur || gatherer, collector | |||
|- | |||
| rapetasseur || piercer, patcher, cobbler | |||
|- | |||
| ravaudeur || mender | |||
|- | |||
| rebrousseur || striker (of skins) | |||
|- | |||
| recenseur || census taker, enumerator | |||
|- | |||
| receveur des postes || postmaster | |||
|- | |||
| rédacteur || writer, clerk, editor | |||
|- | |||
| redresseur de torts || knight-errant | |||
|- | |||
| rédacteur gérant || managing editor | |||
|- | |||
| refouloir || rammer (of a gun) | |||
|- | |||
| regleur || regulator (of clocks), one who rules | |||
|- | |||
| regrattier || huckster, dealer in vegetables and cheese | |||
|- | |||
| réhabilleur || mender (furniture) | |||
|- | |||
| reître || Germa horse soldier | |||
|- | |||
| renardier || fox catcher | |||
|- | |||
| rentier || renter | |||
|- | |||
| repasseur de couteaux || knife grinder | |||
|- | |||
| répétiteur || private teacher, coach, chorus master | |||
|- | |||
| requérant || plaintiff, applicant | |||
|- | |||
| résignataire || resignee | |||
|- | |||
| résinier || resin tapper | |||
|- | |||
| riboteur || tippler, boozer | |||
|- | |||
| rimeur || rhymer, versifier | |||
|- | |||
| robin || lawyer | |||
|- | |||
| robinetier || brass smith | |||
|- | |||
| rocailleur || rockwork maker | |||
|- | |||
| rochassier || rock climber | |||
|- | |||
| rôdeur || prowler, vagrant | |||
|- | |||
| romancier || novelist | |||
|- | |||
| ronchonnot || old retired officer | |||
|- | |||
| rosiériste || rose grower | |||
|- | |||
| rôtisseur || cook shop keeper | |||
|- | |||
| rouleur || traveling journeyman | |||
|- | |||
| roulier || wagoner, carter, carrier | |||
|- | |||
| rubanier || ribbon maker or vendor | |||
|} | |||
====S==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| sabotier || sabot-maker, shoemaker | |||
|- | |||
| sabreur || swashbuckler, cavalry soldier | |||
|- | |||
| sacristine || vestry nun | |||
|- | |||
| saigneur || bleeder, blood letter | |||
|- | |||
| saleur || salter, curer | |||
|- | |||
| sandalier || sandal maker | |||
|- | |||
| sans-emploi || unemployed person | |||
|- | |||
| sans-filiste || wireless operator | |||
|- | |||
| sans-patrie || person without a country | |||
|- | |||
| sans-travail || unemployed person | |||
|- | |||
| sapeur || sapper | |||
|- | |||
| sapeur-telégraphiste || soldier of the signal corps | |||
|- | |||
| sardinier || sardine fisher or packer | |||
|- | |||
| sasseur || sifter, winnower | |||
|- | |||
| satineur || satiner, glazer | |||
|- | |||
| saucier || sauce maker, sauce setter | |||
|- | |||
| saunier || salt-maker, vendor | |||
|- | |||
| sauveteur || rescuer, lifeboat man | |||
|- | |||
| savant || scholar, scientist | |||
|- | |||
| savonnier || soap boiler, manufacturer | |||
|- | |||
| scrutateur || investigator | |||
|- | |||
| secouriste || qualified first aider | |||
|- | |||
| sectateur || follower, votary | |||
|- | |||
| seigneur || lord, nobleman | |||
|- | |||
| sellier || saddler | |||
|- | |||
| semainier || officer, monk, actor | |||
|- | |||
| séranceur || hackler | |||
|- | |||
| sergent-instructeur || drill sergeant | |||
|- | |||
| serger or sergier || serge weaver | |||
|- | |||
| serrurier || locksmith | |||
|- | |||
| sertisseur || setter, mounter | |||
|- | |||
| servreuse || dry nurse | |||
|- | |||
| sicaire || hired assassin | |||
|- | |||
| sioniste || zionist | |||
|- | |||
| siroteur || tippler | |||
|- | |||
| soiriste || drama critic | |||
|- | |||
| soldat réformé || invalid veteran | |||
|- | |||
| sommelier || butler, cellarman | |||
|- | |||
| soudard || old soldier, mercenary | |||
|- | |||
| souffleur de verre || glass blower | |||
|- | |||
| sous-bibliothécaire || assistant librarian | |||
|- | |||
| sous-chef || deputy head clerk or manager | |||
|- | |||
| sous-commissaire || undercommissary, assistant paymaster | |||
|- | |||
| souscripteur || subscriber, underwriter | |||
|- | |||
| souscrivant || underwriter | |||
|- | |||
| sous-diacre || subdeacon | |||
|- | |||
| sous-directeur || submanager | |||
|- | |||
| sous-économe || subtreasurer | |||
|- | |||
| sous-fermier || under-lessee | |||
|- | |||
| sous-governeur || deputy-governor | |||
|- | |||
| sous-intendant || deputy-commissary | |||
|- | |||
| sous-lieutenant || second lieutenant | |||
|- | |||
| sous-lieutenant aviateur || pilot officer | |||
|- | |||
| sous-Jocataire || undertenant, subtenant | |||
|- | |||
| sous-officier || noncommissioned officer | |||
|- | |||
| sous-préfet || subprefect, under-sheriff | |||
|- | |||
| sous-secrétaire || under-secretary | |||
|- | |||
| statuaire || sculptor of statues | |||
|- | |||
| stockiste || warehouseman or agent | |||
|- | |||
| sucrier || sugar maker, vendor | |||
|} | |||
====T==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| taillandier || edge tool maker | |||
|- | |||
| tailleur d'habits || tailor | |||
|- | |||
| tailleur de pierre || stone cutter | |||
|- | |||
| talonnier || heel maker | |||
|- | |||
| tamiseur || sifter | |||
|- | |||
| tamisier || sieve maker or vendor | |||
|- | |||
| tâteur || feeler, taster, waverer | |||
|- | |||
| taupier || mole catcher | |||
|- | |||
| tavernier || tavern keeper | |||
|- | |||
| taxateur || taxer, assessor | |||
|- | |||
| teilleur or tilleur || scutcher | |||
|- | |||
| teinturier || dyer | |||
|- | |||
| tendeur || setter of snares | |||
|- | |||
| teneur de livres || bookkeeper | |||
|- | |||
| theatin || theatine (monk) | |||
|- | |||
| timbreur || stamper | |||
|- | |||
| timonier || steersman, helmsman | |||
|- | |||
| tirailleur || sharpshooter, skirmisher | |||
|- | |||
| tireur || marksman, rifleman | |||
|- | |||
| tisserand || weaver | |||
|- | |||
| tisseur || weaver | |||
|- | |||
| titulaire || titular, incumbent, bearer | |||
|- | |||
| toilier || dealer in linen, manufacturer of linen | |||
|- | |||
| toiseur || measurer, quantity surveyor | |||
|- | |||
| tôlier || manufacturer of sheet-iron | |||
|- | |||
| tombeur || housebreaker, demolition worker | |||
|- | |||
| tondeur de drap || cloth shearer | |||
|- | |||
| tonsuré || cleric, priest | |||
|- | |||
| tordeur || twister (silk) | |||
|- | |||
| tourbier || peat worker, runner of peat bog | |||
|- | |||
| tourier || monk or non attending the turn box | |||
|- | |||
| toumasseur || thrower of pottery | |||
|- | |||
| traitant || tax farmer | |||
|- | |||
| traiteur || restaurant keeper, caterer | |||
|- | |||
| traqueur || beater (in hunting) | |||
|- | |||
| travailleur || worker, labourer | |||
|- | |||
| trayeur || milker | |||
|- | |||
| treillageur or treillagiste || trellis maker or vendor of lattice | |||
|- | |||
| trempeur || temperer, whetter | |||
|- | |||
| trésorier || treasurer | |||
|- | |||
| tresseur || plaiter, braider | |||
|- | |||
| tricoteur || knitter | |||
|- | |||
| trieur || sorter, picker | |||
|- | |||
| trimardeur || tramp, vagabond workman | |||
|- | |||
| tringlot || trooper in the baggage train | |||
|- | |||
| tripotier || gaming house keeper | |||
|- | |||
| trouveur || discoverer, inventor | |||
|- | |||
| tulliste || tulle maker or seller | |||
|} | |||
====U==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| urbaniste || city designer, town planner | |||
|- | |||
| usinier || manufacturer, millowner | |||
|- | |||
| usurier || usurer | |||
|} | |||
====V==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| vaguemestre || baggage master | |||
|- | |||
| vandevilliste || vaudeville writer | |||
|- | |||
| vannier || basket maker | |||
|- | |||
| veilleur de nuit || night watchman | |||
|- | |||
| velite || light armed soldier, skirmisher | |||
|- | |||
| veloutier || velvet weaver | |||
|- | |||
| vendeur || vendor, seller, salesperson | |||
|- | |||
| verdurier || greengrocer | |||
|- | |||
| vergetier || brush maker | |||
|- | |||
| vérificateur || verifier, examiner, inspector | |||
|- | |||
| verrier || glass maker | |||
|- | |||
| vicaire général || vicar-general | |||
|- | |||
| vice-gérant || deputy manager | |||
|- | |||
| vice-reine || wife of viceroy | |||
|- | |||
| vice-roi || viceroy | |||
|- | |||
| vidame || vidame (minor noble) | |||
|- | |||
| vidangeur || nightman, scavenger | |||
|- | |||
| vieux troupier || old campaigner | |||
|- | |||
| vigie || look-ut man | |||
|- | |||
| vigneron || wine-dresser, wine grower | |||
|- | |||
| vignettiste || vignette engraver | |||
|- | |||
| vilain || village peasant | |||
|- | |||
| vinaigrier || vinegar maker, merchant | |||
|- | |||
| viseur || aimer (artillery) | |||
|- | |||
| viticulteur || vine grower | |||
|- | |||
| vitrier || glass maker, glazier | |||
|- | |||
| vivandier || sutler, canteen manager | |||
|- | |||
| voilier || sail maker, sailer | |||
|- | |||
| voleur || thief, robber | |||
|- | |||
| voltigeur || light infantry soldier, rifleman | |||
|- | |||
| voué || one who vows | |||
|- | |||
| voyageur || traveller | |||
|- | |||
| vrillier || gimlet maker | |||
|} | |||
====W==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| wattman || tram driver | |||
|} | |||
====X==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| xylographe || xylographer, wood engraver | |||
|} | |||
====Z==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! French !! English | |||
|- | |||
| zingueur || zinc worker | |||
|} | |||
== References == | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
[[Category:France]] | |||
[[Category:Business and Occupations]] | |||