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Virginia Emigration and Immigration (view source)
Revision as of 11:15, 19 December 2023
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*Birthplace | *Birthplace | ||
*Birth date | *Birth date | ||
*Naturalization | *Naturalization information | ||
*Arrival information, if foreign born | *Arrival information, if foreign born | ||
== In-Country Immigration == | == In-Country Immigration == | ||
Many settlers from [[Maryland Genealogy|Maryland]] and | Many settlers from [[Maryland Genealogy|Maryland]] and [[Pennsylvania Genealogy|Pennsylvania]] migrated down into Virginia during the colonial period. The [[Great Valley Road|Great Valley Road]], which passed through the Shenandoah Valley was a popular route. | ||
Many Virginians moved to [[Georgia Genealogy (state)|Georgia]] immediately after the American Revolution.<ref>John Frederick Dorman, "Review of ''Research in Georgia,"'' in ''The Virginia Genealogist,'' Vol. 25, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1981):147. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). {{FSC|33159|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.5 B2vg v. 25 (1981)}}</ref> | Many Virginians moved to [[Georgia Genealogy (state)|Georgia]] immediately after the American Revolution.<ref>John Frederick Dorman, "Review of ''Research in Georgia,"'' in ''The Virginia Genealogist,'' Vol. 25, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1981):147. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). {{FSC|33159|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.5 B2vg v. 25 (1981)}}</ref> | ||
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Nugent identifies about 5,000 of the earliest immigrants to Virginia: | Nugent identifies about 5,000 of the earliest immigrants to Virginia: | ||
*Nugent, Nell M. ''Early Settlers of Virginia. ''Baltimore: | *Nugent, Nell M. ''Early Settlers of Virginia. ''Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company 1969 (lists pre-1616 settlers) | ||
==== English Immigrants ==== | ==== English Immigrants ==== | ||
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Scholarly articles published in ''The American Genealogist'', the ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', and ''The Virginia Genealogist'' illustrate strategies that will help Americans trace their colonial Virginia immigrant origins. | Scholarly articles published in ''The American Genealogist'', the ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', and ''The Virginia Genealogist'' illustrate strategies that will help Americans trace their colonial Virginia immigrant origins. | ||
The Prerogative Court of Canterbury in London proved the wills of many residents of Virginia. For access, see | The Prerogative Court of Canterbury in London proved the wills of many residents of Virginia. For access, see [[Virginia Probate Records|Virginia Probate Records]]. Heraldic visitations list some members of prominent English families who crossed the Atlantic. [http://www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk/sources/visitations.shtml Heralds' visitations and the College of Arms] includes a concise list of visitations available online. Online archive catalogs, such as [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ Access to Archives], can be keyword searched for place names, such as "Virginia" to retrieve manuscripts stored in hundreds of English archives relating to persons and landholdings in this former English colony. These types of records establish links between Virginia residents and England, which can lead researchers back to their specific ancestral English towns, villages, and hamlets. | ||
The multi-volume ''Calendar of Colonial State Papers Colonial, America, and West Indies'' (1574-1739), which is available for free online (see discussion in | The multi-volume ''Calendar of Colonial State Papers Colonial, America, and West Indies'' (1574-1739), which is available for free online (see discussion in [[Virginia Public Records|Virginia Public Records]]), highlights many connections between England and Virginia. | ||
A standard work on early Virginia immigrants, which includes some passenger lists, is now also widely available on the Internet: | A standard work on early Virginia immigrants, which includes some passenger lists, is now also widely available on the Internet: | ||
*Hotten, John Camden. ''The Original Lists of Persons of Quality: Emigrants; Religious Exiles; Political Rebels; Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years; Apprentices; Children Stolen; Maidens Pressed; and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700, with Their Ages, the Localities Where They Formerly Lived in the Mother Country, the Names of the Ships in which They Embarked, and Other Interesting Particulars; from MSS. Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office, England''. London: the author, 1874. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2065 Ancestry] ($); [http://books.google.com/books?id=B414AAAAMAAJ Google Books] | *Hotten, John Camden. ''The Original Lists of Persons of Quality: Emigrants; Religious Exiles; Political Rebels; Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years; Apprentices; Children Stolen; Maidens Pressed; and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700, with Their Ages, the Localities Where They Formerly Lived in the Mother Country, the Names of the Ships in which They Embarked, and Other Interesting Particulars; from MSS. Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office, England''. London: the author, 1874. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2065 Ancestry] ($); [http://books.google.com/books?id=B414AAAAMAAJ Google Books] and [https://www.archive.org/details/originallistsofp00hottuoft Internet Archive]; 1983 reprint: {{FSC|1055287|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 W2hot 1983}}. | ||
Sherwood published additional references not found in Hotten's work: | Sherwood published additional references not found in Hotten's work: | ||
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*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''British Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1788''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 2004. {{FSC|1210004|item|disp=FS Library CD-ROM no. 2150}}. Includes numerous Virginia immigrants. May show British hometown, emigration date, ship, destination, and text of the document abstract. | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''British Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1788''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 2004. {{FSC|1210004|item|disp=FS Library CD-ROM no. 2150}}. Includes numerous Virginia immigrants. May show British hometown, emigration date, ship, destination, and text of the document abstract. | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Bristol Registers of Servants Sent to Foreign Plantations, 1654-1686''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1988. {{FSC|658375|item|disp=FS Library Book 942.41/B2 W2c}}; digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49090 Ancestry] ($); [http://sites.rootsweb.com/~brbwgw/PubForums.htm Chronicle Barbados] | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Bristol Registers of Servants Sent to Foreign Plantations, 1654-1686''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1988. {{FSC|658375|item|disp=FS Library Book 942.41/B2 W2c}}; digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49090 Ancestry] ($); [http://sites.rootsweb.com/~brbwgw/PubForums.htm Chronicle Barbados] (Barbados entries only); [http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestown]. | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Complete Book of Emigrants: 1607-1776''. n.p.: Brøderbund, 1996. {{FSC|773852|item|disp=FS Library CD-ROM no. 9 pt. 350}}; digital version of select portions at [http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestown]. | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Complete Book of Emigrants: 1607-1776''. n.p.: Brøderbund, 1996. {{FSC|773852|item|disp=FS Library CD-ROM no. 9 pt. 350}}; digital version of select portions at [http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestown]. | ||
For English passenger lists, 1773 to 1776, which include emigrants destined for Virginia, see: | For English passenger lists, 1773 to 1776, which include emigrants destined for Virginia, see: | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''Emigrants from England to the American Colonies, 1773-1776''. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing co., 1988. {{FSC|313545|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 W3c}}. | ||
For London children apprenticed to Virginia colonists, see: | For London children apprenticed to Virginia colonists, see: | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. Christ's Hospital. | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. Christ's Hospital. | ||
*Hume, Robert. ''Early child immigrants to Virginia, 1618-1642 | *Hume, Robert. ''Early child immigrants to Virginia, 1618-1642 : copied from the records of Bridewell Royal Hospital.'' Baltimore, Md.: Magna Carta Book Company, 1986. {{FSC|477424|item|disp=FS Library US/CAN Book 975.5 W2h}} | ||
{{Main|Virginia Church Records#Clergy|Virginia Church Records}} | {{Main|Virginia Church Records#Clergy|Virginia Church Records}} | ||
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*Fothergill, Gerald. ''A List of Emigrant Ministers to America, 1690-1811''. London: E. Stock, 1904. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=4760 Ancestry] ($); [http://books.google.com/books?id=lVgEAAAAIAAJ Google Books]; [https://www.archive.org/details/listofemigrantmi00fothuoft Internet Archive], 1965 reprint: {{FSC|283621|item|disp=973 W2f 1965}} | *Fothergill, Gerald. ''A List of Emigrant Ministers to America, 1690-1811''. London: E. Stock, 1904. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=4760 Ancestry] ($); [http://books.google.com/books?id=lVgEAAAAIAAJ Google Books]; [https://www.archive.org/details/listofemigrantmi00fothuoft Internet Archive], 1965 reprint: {{FSC|283621|item|disp=973 W2f 1965}} | ||
Runaway advertisements for colonial indentured servants often yield immigration data. [http://www2.vcdh.virginia.edu/gos/ The | Runaway advertisements for colonial indentured servants often yield immigration data. [http://www2.vcdh.virginia.edu/gos/ The Geography of Slavery in Virginia: Virginia Runaways, Slave Advertisements, Runaway Advertisements] indexes these records (for both white indentured servants and black slaves). These records can also be found in the digitized [http://research.history.org/DigitalLibrary/BrowseVG.cfm ''Virginia Gazette 1736-1780''], available online through the Colonial Williamsburg website. | ||
Murphy's research guide to tracing the English origins of Colonial Virginia '''indentured servants''' is available online: [https://immigrant.pricegen.com/search/simple.php "Origins of Colonial Chesapeake Indentured Servants: American and English Sources,"] ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', Vol. 93, No. 1 (Mar. 2005):5-24. | Murphy's research guide to tracing the English origins of Colonial Virginia '''indentured servants''' is available online: [https://immigrant.pricegen.com/search/simple.php "Origins of Colonial Chesapeake Indentured Servants: American and English Sources,"] ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', Vol. 93, No. 1 (Mar. 2005):5-24. | ||
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Scots-Irish settlement was particularly concentrated in the Shenandoah Valley during the eighteenth-century in places such as [[Augusta County, Virginia]]. | Scots-Irish settlement was particularly concentrated in the Shenandoah Valley during the eighteenth-century in places such as [[Augusta County, Virginia]]. | ||
David Dobson has dedicated many | David Dobson has dedicated many years to establishing links between Scots and their dispersed Scottish cousins who settled throughout the world. For Virginia connections, see publications by {{FSC|66144|author-id|disp=David Dobson}}.<br> | ||
A helpful book about Scottish Highlanders in America is: | A helpful book about Scottish Highlanders in America is: | ||
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Additional histories: | Additional histories: | ||
*Schuright, Herrmann. ''History of the German Element in Virginia''. 2 vols. Baltimore, Md.: T. Kroh, 1898, 1900. Digital versions at Google Books: [http://books.google.com/books?id=C1vNAAAAMAAJ Vol. 1]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=PVzNAAAAMAAJ Vol. 2]; 1977 reprint: {{FSC|491164|item|disp=FS Library | *Schuright, Herrmann. ''History of the German Element in Virginia''. 2 vols. Baltimore, Md.: T. Kroh, 1898, 1900. Digital versions at Google Books: [http://books.google.com/books?id=C1vNAAAAMAAJ Vol. 1]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=PVzNAAAAMAAJ Vol. 2]; 1977 reprint: {{FSC|491164|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.5 F2gs v. 1-2}}. | ||
*Wust, Klaus. ''The Virginia Germans.'' Charlottesville, Va.: The University Press of Virginia, 1969. | *Wust, Klaus. ''The Virginia Germans.'' Charlottesville, Va.: The University Press of Virginia, 1969. | ||
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Though they do not include names of passengers, records kept by the Board of Trade and stored at [[England The National Archives|The National Archives]] (Kew, England), document ships' arrivals and departures from Virginia ports between 1698 and 1774. FamilySearch microfilmed these records. They are useful for learning about the history of ships entering the colony: | Though they do not include names of passengers, records kept by the Board of Trade and stored at [[England The National Archives|The National Archives]] (Kew, England), document ships' arrivals and departures from Virginia ports between 1698 and 1774. FamilySearch microfilmed these records. They are useful for learning about the history of ships entering the colony: | ||
*Naval Office Shippings Lists for Virginia, 1698-1774 in the Public Record Office, London. {{FSC|301374|item|disp=FS Library | *Naval Office Shippings Lists for Virginia, 1698-1774 in the Public Record Office, London. {{FSC|301374|item|disp=FS Library Films 972825-972828}}. | ||
For maritime court proceedings, see: | For maritime court proceedings, see: | ||
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Many English ships that voyaged to Colonial Virginia are also mentioned in: | Many English ships that voyaged to Colonial Virginia are also mentioned in: | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''English Adventurers and Emigrants: Abstracts of Examinations in the High Court of Admiralty with Reference to Colonial America''. 3 vols. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1984-. {{FSC|5169|item|disp=FS Library | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''English Adventurers and Emigrants: Abstracts of Examinations in the High Court of Admiralty with Reference to Colonial America''. 3 vols. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1984-. {{FSC|5169|item|disp=FS Library Book 942 P2cw v. 1 - v. 3}} | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Bristol Registers of Servants Sent to Foreign Plantations, 1654-1686''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1988. {{FSC|658375|item|disp=FS Library Book 942.41/B2 W2c}}; digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49090 Ancestry] ($); [http://sites.rootsweb.com/~brbwgw/PubForums.htm Chronicle Barbados] | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Bristol Registers of Servants Sent to Foreign Plantations, 1654-1686''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1988. {{FSC|658375|item|disp=FS Library Book 942.41/B2 W2c}}; digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49090 Ancestry] ($); [http://sites.rootsweb.com/~brbwgw/PubForums.htm Chronicle Barbados] (free; Barbados entries only); [http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestown] (free). | ||
Many ships that sailed from Bristol, England to Virginia are described in: ''Bristol, Africa and the Eighteenth-Century Slave Trade to America 1698-1807'' (4 vols.) {{FSC|504033|item|disp=FS Library British Books 942.41/B2 B4b v. 38-39, 42, 47}}. All four volumes are available for free online at the [http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/History/bristolrecordsociety/publications.htm Bristol Record Society website]. | Many ships that sailed from Bristol, England to Virginia are described in: ''Bristol, Africa and the Eighteenth-Century Slave Trade to America 1698-1807'' (4 vols.) {{FSC|504033|item|disp=FS Library British Books 942.41/B2 B4b v. 38-39, 42, 47}}. All four volumes are available for free online at the [http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/History/bristolrecordsociety/publications.htm Bristol Record Society website]. | ||
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Dr. Marianne S. Wokeck created a detailed list of "German Immigrant Voyages, 1683-1775" to Colonial America. Destinations include Virginia (1730s-1750s). She published the list in an Appendix to: | Dr. Marianne S. Wokeck created a detailed list of "German Immigrant Voyages, 1683-1775" to Colonial America. Destinations include Virginia (1730s-1750s). She published the list in an Appendix to: | ||
*Wokeck, Marianne S. ''Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America''. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. {{FSC|1023023|item|disp=FS Library | *Wokeck, Marianne S. ''Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America''. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. {{FSC|1023023|item|disp=FS Library Book 970 W2w}}. | ||
==== Irish Voyages ==== | ==== Irish Voyages ==== | ||
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The above lists are included in ''Copies of Lists of Passengers Arriving at Miscellaneous Ports on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts'' . . . (in the FamilySearch Catalog Locality Search under UNITED STATES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION; {{FSC|830231}}-{{FSC|830246}}. These lists are indexed in ''Supplemental Index to Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Atlantic and Gulf Coast Ports'' . . . (in the FamilySearch Catalog Locality Search under UNITED STATES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION - INDEXES; {{FSC|418161}}-{{FSC|418348}} | The above lists are included in ''Copies of Lists of Passengers Arriving at Miscellaneous Ports on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts'' . . . (in the FamilySearch Catalog Locality Search under UNITED STATES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION; {{FSC|830231}}-{{FSC|830246}}. These lists are indexed in ''Supplemental Index to Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Atlantic and Gulf Coast Ports'' . . . (in the FamilySearch Catalog Locality Search under UNITED STATES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION - INDEXES; {{FSC|418161}}-{{FSC|418348}} | ||
During the War of 1812, American officials reported finding a total of | During the War of 1812, American officials reported finding a total of 333 British aliens, many of whom had families, living in Virginia. Most British immigrants were settling in the capital, and in towns, and ports at that time. The numbers show that immigration from Great Britain to Virginia had decreased considerably from the high levels reached during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries:<ref name="null">Kenneth Scott, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/title/british-aliens-in-the-united-states-during-the-war-of-1812/oclc/5711802 British Aliens in the United States During the War of 1812]'' (Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1979), 320-333. {{FSC|78653|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 W4s}}; digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49091 Ancestry] ($).</ref> | ||
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Robertson compiled a list of Virginians in Kansas in 1860:<br> | Robertson compiled a list of Virginians in Kansas in 1860:<br> | ||
*Robertson, Clara Hamlett. ''Kansas Territorial Settlers of 1860 Who were Born in Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina: | *Robertson, Clara Hamlett. ''Kansas Territorial Settlers of 1860 Who were Born in Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina: A Compilation with Historical Annotations and Editorial Comment''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1976. {{FSC|978.1 H2ro}}. '''''Online at:''''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/48580/ Ancestry] ($). | ||
British Mercantile Claims identify migrations made by many Virginians during the period 1775 to 1803. The folks listed owed debts to overseas British merchants at the opening of the Revolutionary War and after the War was over, the merchants came to collect their debts, only to find that many of these people had moved. Dorman published these records in ''The Virginia Genealogist'', beginning with Volume 6. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). {{FSC|33159|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.5 B2vg v. 6 (1962)}}. | British Mercantile Claims identify migrations made by many Virginians during the period 1775 to 1803. The folks listed owed debts to overseas British merchants at the opening of the Revolutionary War and after the War was over, the merchants came to collect their debts, only to find that many of these people had moved. Dorman published these records in ''The Virginia Genealogist'', beginning with Volume 6. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). {{FSC|33159|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.5 B2vg v. 6 (1962)}}. | ||