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→Indian Calendar
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* ''Historical dating:'' Understanding the chronological framework of ancient Indian history. | * ''Historical dating:'' Understanding the chronological framework of ancient Indian history. | ||
<bR> | <bR> | ||
The Indian subcontinent boasts a diverse range of calendars, each with its own unique characteristics and origins. Some of the most prominent calendars include: | The Indian subcontinent boasts a diverse range of calendars, each with its own unique characteristics and origins. There are many unique indigenous calendars used by various tribal communities across India. <bR> | ||
Some of the most prominent calendars include: | |||
* '''Hindu calendars:''' These lunisolar calendars are based on both the lunar and solar cycles. There are several regional variations, such as the Shalivahana Shaka (used in South India), the Vikram Samvat (North and Central India), and the Kollam Era (Kerala). | * '''Hindu calendars:''' These lunisolar calendars are based on both the lunar and solar cycles. There are several regional variations, such as the Shalivahana Shaka (used in South India), the Vikram Samvat (North and Central India), and the Kollam Era (Kerala). | ||
**The Hindu calendar year is divided into six seasons, each with its own distinct characteristics and associated festivals. | **The Hindu calendar year is divided into six seasons, each with its own distinct characteristics and associated festivals. | ||
*'''Buddhist calendars:''' These calendars are based on the lunar cycle and are used by Buddhist communities across India. | *'''Buddhist calendars:''' These calendars are based on the lunar cycle and are used by Buddhist communities across India. | ||
*'''Jain calendars:''' These calendars are also based on the lunar cycle and are used by Jain communities. | *'''Jain calendars:''' These calendars are also based on the lunar cycle and are used by Jain communities. | ||
**The Jain calendar has a unique cycle of 57 years, known as the "Kalpa | **The Jain calendar has a unique cycle of 57 years, known as the "Kalpa."The Kalpa cycle is used for dating historical events as well as for astrological calculations and religious observances. | ||
*'''Indian national calendar:''' The Indian national caneldar, adopted in 1957, is a solar calendar based on the Shalivahana Shaka era. It is used for official purposes throughout India. | *'''Indian national calendar:''' The Indian national caneldar, adopted in 1957, is a solar calendar based on the Shalivahana Shaka era. It is used for official purposes throughout India. | ||
**The Indian national calendar is unique in that it starts its year on the same day as the Gregorian calendar (January 1st) but has different month names and lengths. | **The Indian national calendar is unique in that it starts its year on the same day as the Gregorian calendar (January 1st) but has different month names and lengths. | ||
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'''History'''<br> | '''History'''<br> | ||
The earliest evidence of timekeeping in India dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization (3300-1300 BCE), where archaeologists have discovered seals and artifacts with markings suggestive of lunar cycles and calendar systems. The Vedic texts, composed around 1500-500 BCE, also mention various units of time, including days, months, and years, based on astronomical observations. These early calendars were primarily lunar, reflecting the importance of the moon in Hindu mythology and rituals. | The earliest evidence of timekeeping in India dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization (3300-1300 BCE), where archaeologists have discovered seals and artifacts with markings suggestive of lunar cycles and calendar systems. The Vedic texts, composed around 1500-500 BCE, also mention various units of time, including days, months, and years, based on astronomical observations. These early calendars were primarily lunar, reflecting the importance of the moon in Hindu mythology and rituals. | ||
==Chinese Calendar== | ==Chinese Calendar== | ||
The Chinese calendar, also known as the Lunisolar calendar, is a system that has been used in China for centuries. It is based on the cycles of the moon and the sun, creating a unique calendar that differs significantly from the Gregorian calendar used in most parts of the world. The Chinese calendar is used to determine the dates of all major holidays and festivals, including Chinese New Year, Lantern Festival, and Dragon Boat Festival. It also plays a role in traditional Chinese medicine, astrology, and other cultural practices. The Chinese calendar remains an important part of Chinese identity and heritage, and many people continue to use it alongside the Gregorian calendar in daily life. The year 4720 on the Chinese calendar began on February 5, 2023. | The Chinese calendar, also known as the Lunisolar calendar, is a system that has been used in China for centuries. It is based on the cycles of the moon and the sun, creating a unique calendar that differs significantly from the Gregorian calendar used in most parts of the world. The Chinese calendar is used to determine the dates of all major holidays and festivals, including Chinese New Year, Lantern Festival, and Dragon Boat Festival. It also plays a role in traditional Chinese medicine, astrology, and other cultural practices. The Chinese calendar remains an important part of Chinese identity and heritage, and many people continue to use it alongside the Gregorian calendar in daily life. The year 4720 on the Chinese calendar began on February 5, 2023. | ||