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Before 1830, Germans immigrating to Hamilton County came from the southwestern area of German-speaking Europe, particularly from Württemberg and Switzerland, as well as Baden, Alsace and northern Germany, especially Oldenburg. German-Americans from Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and New Jersey also settled in Hamilton County in this early period. | Before 1830, Germans immigrating to Hamilton County came from the southwestern area of German-speaking Europe, particularly from Württemberg and Switzerland, as well as Baden, Alsace and northern Germany, especially Oldenburg. German-Americans from Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and New Jersey also settled in Hamilton County in this early period. | ||
Between 1830 and 1870, German immigrants to the region came from the same areas as in the early period, but increasingly from northern Germany, particularly Hannover and Oldenburg (specifically, Damme and Diepholz).<ref>Tolzmann, Survival of an Ethnic Community, 44, 46.</ref> | Between 1830 and 1870, German immigrants to the region came from the same areas as in the early period, but increasingly from northern Germany, particularly Hannover and Oldenburg (specifically, Damme and Diepholz).<ref>Tolzmann, Survival of an Ethnic Community, 44, 46.</ref> | ||
Many Germans in Hamilton County came from the Osnabrück district in Hannover, now Niedersachsen. Approximately 20% of the nearly 100,000 people who left this area came to Greater Cincinnati. Between 1830 and 1890, over one half of the emigrants from the Osnabrück town of Venne, at least for a period of time, were residents in Cincinnati. Of the 318 founding members of Cincinnati’s North German Lutheran Church in 1839, 80% came from the Osnabrück district.<ref>Udo Thörner, Venne in America (Osnabrück: Arbeitskreis Familienforschung Osnabrück e.V., 2008), 99, 101, English translation.</ref> | Many Germans in Hamilton County came from the Osnabrück district in Hannover, now Niedersachsen. Approximately 20% of the nearly 100,000 people who left this area came to Greater Cincinnati. Between 1830 and 1890, over one half of the emigrants from the Osnabrück town of Venne, at least for a period of time, were residents in Cincinnati. Of the 318 founding members of Cincinnati’s North German Lutheran Church in 1839, 80% came from the Osnabrück district.<ref>Udo Thörner, Venne in America (Osnabrück: Arbeitskreis Familienforschung Osnabrück e.V., 2008), 99, 101, English translation.</ref> | ||
*Surnames of families described in the book ''Venne in America ''are listed in [http://www.venne-families.de “Venne – Emigration History”] | *Surnames of families described in the book ''Venne in America ''are listed in [http://www.venne-families.de “Venne – Emigration History”] | ||
*Two articles in the Hamilton County Genealogical Society’s ''Tracer'' 26:2 explain the strong connection between the Osnabrück region and Hamilton County: Jim Dempsey, “Osnabrücker Land” and Udo Thörner, “Venne, Osnabrücker Land - Emigration History” | *Two articles in the Hamilton County Genealogical Society’s ''Tracer'' 26:2 explain the strong connection between the Osnabrück region and Hamilton County: Jim Dempsey, “Osnabrücker Land” and Udo Thörner, “Venne, Osnabrücker Land - Emigration History” | ||
The 1870 census, which most often records the German state of birth, shows the origins of the 49,442 Germans in Cincinnati as shown below. | The 1870 census, which most often records the German state of birth, shows the origins of the 49,442 Germans in Cincinnati as shown below. 5,831 Germans lived in Hamilton County outside Cincinnati in 1870.<ref>Ninth Census of the United States: Statistics of Population (Washington, DC: U.S. Census Office, 1872), 339, 368, 388.</ref> <br> | ||
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The large percentages of Prussians and Bavarians are somewhat misleading. Until after World War II the state of Bavaria included the Rheinpfalz near the Rhein River, far west of Bavaria in southeastern Germany. About 90-95% of Bavarians in Hamilton County actually came from the Rheinpfalz rather than the Bavarian home of Munich and the Alps.<ref>Estimate of Robert Rau, based upon 33 years of researching Cincinnati Germans.</ref> This is a crucial distinction for researchers seeking Bavarian origins, who are probably looking in the wrong area if they concentrate on the place known as Bavaria today. | The large percentages of Prussians and Bavarians are somewhat misleading. Until after World War II the state of Bavaria included the Rheinpfalz near the Rhein River, far west of Bavaria in southeastern Germany. About 90-95% of Bavarians in Hamilton County actually came from the Rheinpfalz rather than the Bavarian home of Munich and the Alps.<ref>Estimate of Robert Rau, based upon 33 years of researching Cincinnati Germans.</ref> This is a crucial distinction for researchers seeking Bavarian origins, who are probably looking in the wrong area if they concentrate on the place known as Bavaria today. | ||
In 1870 the province of Prussia included Brandenburg, Hannover, Hessen-Kassel, Hohenzollern, Nassau, Ostpreussen (East Prussia), Pommern (Pomerania), Posen, Rheinland, Sachsen, Schlesien (Silesia), Schleswig-Holstein, Westphalen, and Westpreussen, as well as many smaller states. Although some of these states are mentioned by name in the 1870 census, many others are not specified. | In 1870 the province of Prussia included Brandenburg, Hannover, Hessen-Kassel, Hohenzollern, Nassau, Ostpreussen (East Prussia), Pommern (Pomerania), Posen, Rheinland, Sachsen, Schlesien (Silesia), Schleswig-Holstein, Westphalen, and Westpreussen, as well as many smaller states. Although some of these states are mentioned by name in the 1870 census, many others are not specified. | ||
Compared to all Germans in the U.S., in Cincinnati in 1870 there were seven times as many Oldenburgers, two and half times as many Hannoverians, one and a half times as many Bavarians, and the same proportion of Badenese. On the other hand, there were half as many Brunswickers, Hessians, and Saxons in Cincinnati compared to the rest of the U.S., and even fewer people from Nassau and Mecklenburg. Most of the Hannoverians and Oldenburgers in Ohio lived in Cincinnati.<ref>Walter Kamphoefner, The Westphalians: From Germany to Missouri (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1987), 84-85.</ref> | Compared to all Germans in the U.S., in Cincinnati in 1870 there were seven times as many Oldenburgers, two and half times as many Hannoverians, one and a half times as many Bavarians, and the same proportion of Badenese. On the other hand, there were half as many Brunswickers, Hessians, and Saxons in Cincinnati compared to the rest of the U.S., and even fewer people from Nassau and Mecklenburg. Most of the Hannoverians and Oldenburgers in Ohio lived in Cincinnati.<ref>Walter Kamphoefner, The Westphalians: From Germany to Missouri (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1987), 84-85.</ref> | ||
A search of “Germans to America Passenger Data File, 1850-1897” results in entries for 10,218 people coming to Cincinnati whose passenger records specified origins other than Germany and the U.S.<ref>Found through a fielded search for Cincinnati in this data file in the [http://aad.archives.gov/aad/series-list.jsp?cat=GP44 National Archives’ Access to Archival Databases].</ref> | A search of “Germans to America Passenger Data File, 1850-1897” results in entries for 10,218 people coming to Cincinnati whose passenger records specified origins other than Germany and the U.S.<ref>Found through a fielded search for Cincinnati in this data file in the [http://aad.archives.gov/aad/series-list.jsp?cat=GP44 National Archives’ Access to Archival Databases].</ref> | ||
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The Emigration section in this article will have references to lists of immigrants to Cincinnati with birthplaces. | The Emigration section in this article will have references to lists of immigrants to Cincinnati with birthplaces. | ||
== Locations of German immigrants in Hamilton County | == Locations of German immigrants in Hamilton County == | ||
In 1825, most Germans lived in the southeastern area of Cincinnati near the Public Landing. Later Germans moved north toward the city line, where property prices were lower, and settled in a neighborhood of brick apartment buildings and row houses north and east of the Miami and Erie Canal (now Central Parkway), called Over-the-Rhine in honor of Germany’s Rhein River. At the end of the nineteenth century, 75% of the residents in Over-the-Rhine were German. | In 1825, most Germans lived in the southeastern area of Cincinnati near the Public Landing. Later Germans moved north toward the city line, where property prices were lower, and settled in a neighborhood of brick apartment buildings and row houses north and east of the Miami and Erie Canal (now Central Parkway), called Over-the-Rhine in honor of Germany’s Rhein River. At the end of the nineteenth century, 75% of the residents in Over-the-Rhine were German. | ||
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These eight townships had 4,794 German residents, out of a total 5,551 in Hamilton County excluding Cincinnati. The remaining seven townships had from 13 to 189 German residents each.<ref>Hubertus Wilhelm, The Origin and Distribution of Settlement Groups: Ohio, 1850 (Athens, Ohio: 1982).</ref> *The townships marked with an asterisk no longer exist since they were absorbed by Cincinnati. | These eight townships had 4,794 German residents, out of a total 5,551 in Hamilton County excluding Cincinnati. The remaining seven townships had from 13 to 189 German residents each.<ref>Hubertus Wilhelm, The Origin and Distribution of Settlement Groups: Ohio, 1850 (Athens, Ohio: 1982).</ref> *The townships marked with an asterisk no longer exist since they were absorbed by Cincinnati. | ||
By 1910, Germans had settled throughout Hamilton County, especially on the west side. In 2000, the most German area was Green Township in western Hamilton County. | By 1910, Germans had settled throughout Hamilton County, especially on the west side. In 2000, the most German area was Green Township in western Hamilton County. | ||
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Hamilton County was not the final destination for many immigrants, who stayed a few years in Cincinnati and then moved on to other locations, especially up the Miami and Erie Canal corridor and along the Ohio River. Many German immigrants settled in Covington and Newport, across the Ohio River from Cincinnati. | Hamilton County was not the final destination for many immigrants, who stayed a few years in Cincinnati and then moved on to other locations, especially up the Miami and Erie Canal corridor and along the Ohio River. Many German immigrants settled in Covington and Newport, across the Ohio River from Cincinnati. | ||
Cincinnati churches were sometimes responsible for encouraging settlement in other areas. In 1837 Father Joseph Ferneding, founder of numerous German Catholic churches in Cincinnati, invited two men from Oldenburg, Germany to plat the village of Oldenburg in southeast Indiana. Advertisements in ''Wahrheitsfreund,'' the German Catholic newspaper published in Cincinnati, appealed to people who had recently emigrated from northern Germany to settle in Oldenburg. Birth, marriage and confirmation records of those who later settled in Oldenburg may be found in Cincinnati’s Holy Trinity and St. Mary’s Catholic churches. | Cincinnati churches were sometimes responsible for encouraging settlement in other areas. In 1837 Father Joseph Ferneding, founder of numerous German Catholic churches in Cincinnati, invited two men from Oldenburg, Germany to plat the village of Oldenburg in southeast Indiana. Advertisements in ''Wahrheitsfreund,'' the German Catholic newspaper published in Cincinnati, appealed to people who had recently emigrated from northern Germany to settle in Oldenburg. Birth, marriage and confirmation records of those who later settled in Oldenburg may be found in Cincinnati’s Holy Trinity and St. Mary’s Catholic churches. | ||
German Protestant immigrants to Cincinnati also migrated to southeast Indiana, particularly those who had attended the Cincinnati churches of St. John’s, St. Peter’s, North German Lutheran, St. Paul’s and Trinity Lutheran, and later appeared in many southeast Indiana churches. St. John’s Lutheran Church in Batesville, founded by immigrants from Venne, Hannover in 1837, records the deaths of children in the 1840s and 1850s who were born in Cincinnati.<ref>Robert W. Rudig, “Southeast Indiana German History and Genealogy,” Tracer 10:3</ref> | German Protestant immigrants to Cincinnati also migrated to southeast Indiana, particularly those who had attended the Cincinnati churches of St. John’s, St. Peter’s, North German Lutheran, St. Paul’s and Trinity Lutheran, and later appeared in many southeast Indiana churches. St. John’s Lutheran Church in Batesville, founded by immigrants from Venne, Hannover in 1837, records the deaths of children in the 1840s and 1850s who were born in Cincinnati.<ref>Robert W. Rudig, “Southeast Indiana German History and Genealogy,” Tracer 10:3</ref> | ||
Colonization and settlement societies formed in Cincinnati established daughter settlements across the country, including Teutopolis, Illinois (German Land Company, 1839); Guttenberg, Iowa (Western Settlement Society, 1844); New Ulm, Minnesota (Cincinnati Turner Colonization Society, 1854); Buffalo City, Wisconsin (Colonization Society of Cincinnati, 1856); Tell City, Indiana (Swiss Colonization Society, 1858); and Windhorst, Kansas (German Catholic Aurora Homestead Association, 1878).<ref>Don Heinrich Tolzmann, German Heritage Guide to the Greater Cincinnati Area (Milford, Ohio: Little Miami Publishing Co., 2003), 14.</ref> | Colonization and settlement societies formed in Cincinnati established daughter settlements across the country, including Teutopolis, Illinois (German Land Company, 1839); Guttenberg, Iowa (Western Settlement Society, 1844); New Ulm, Minnesota (Cincinnati Turner Colonization Society, 1854); Buffalo City, Wisconsin (Colonization Society of Cincinnati, 1856); Tell City, Indiana (Swiss Colonization Society, 1858); and Windhorst, Kansas (German Catholic Aurora Homestead Association, 1878).<ref>Don Heinrich Tolzmann, German Heritage Guide to the Greater Cincinnati Area (Milford, Ohio: Little Miami Publishing Co., 2003), 14.</ref> | ||
*Meier, Marga. ''Swiss Colonization Society Records in German: A Translation Project ''(Utica, KY: McDowell Publications, 1990). 1858-1860 minutes, not indexed, in PLCH, FS Library. | *Meier, Marga. ''Swiss Colonization Society Records in German: A Translation Project ''(Utica, KY: McDowell Publications, 1990). 1858-1860 minutes, not indexed, in PLCH, FS Library. | ||
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== Birthplaces of Hamilton County Germans == | == Birthplaces of Hamilton County Germans == | ||
Many types of records may provide the birthplaces of Germans who came to Hamilton County. Details will eventually be | Many types of records may provide the birthplaces of Germans who came to Hamilton County. Details will eventually be provided in this article for each category. | ||
*German newspapers | *German newspapers | ||
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*OHS: Ohio Historical Society, Columbus | *OHS: Ohio Historical Society, Columbus | ||
*PLCH: Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County | *PLCH: Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County | ||
*''Tracer'' #:#: journal published by the Hamilton County Genealogical Society, with volume and number. 1979-2008 issues are [http://www.hcgsohio.org/publications.shtml available on a CD] | *''Tracer'' #:#: journal published by the Hamilton County Genealogical Society, with volume and number. 1979-2008 issues are [http://www.hcgsohio.org/publications.shtml available on a CD] and an article index to these issues is [http://www.hcgsohio.org/tracerarticleindex.pdf on the HCGS website]. | ||
== German newspapers == | == German newspapers == | ||
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=== Secular newspapers === | === Secular newspapers === | ||
The Hamilton County Genealogical Society has [http://www.hcgsdata.org/obit.shtml an index to death notices] in four German newspapers before 1920. | The Hamilton County Genealogical Society has [http://www.hcgsdata.org/obit.shtml an index to death notices] in four German newspapers before 1920. The online index gives the decade and newspaper title. An asterisk after a name in the published index indicates that the person’s birthplace is given in the death notice. A plus sign before the newspaper’s title listed below indicates that it is included in the online index. A copy of the published index entry (not the obituary) may be [http://www.hcgsohio.org/research.shtml ordered from HCGS]. | ||
Locations and published indexes of secular newspapers: | Locations and published indexes of secular newspapers: | ||
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*+''Freie Presse,'' 1874-1964, PLCH, CHLA, ARB, microfilm. This book indexes 38,000 ''Freie Presse'' death notices, marriages and missing heirs: Jeffrey Herbert, ''Index of Death and Other Notices Appearing in the Cincinnati Freie Presse, 1874-1920, Parts I and II'' (Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1993). | *+''Freie Presse,'' 1874-1964, PLCH, CHLA, ARB, microfilm. This book indexes 38,000 ''Freie Presse'' death notices, marriages and missing heirs: Jeffrey Herbert, ''Index of Death and Other Notices Appearing in the Cincinnati Freie Presse, 1874-1920, Parts I and II'' (Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1993). | ||
*+''Volksblatt,'' 1836-1918, PLCH, OHS, CHLA, ARB, microfilm. This book indexes death notices in the largest German newspaper west of the Alleghenies in the late 1800s: Jeffrey Herbert, ''Index of Death Notices Appearing in the Cincinnati Volksblatt, 1846-1918'' (Westminster, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2008). | *+''Volksblatt,'' 1836-1918, PLCH, OHS, CHLA, ARB, microfilm. This book indexes death notices in the largest German newspaper west of the Alleghenies in the late 1800s: Jeffrey Herbert, ''Index of Death Notices Appearing in the Cincinnati Volksblatt, 1846-1918'' (Westminster, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2008). | ||
*+''Volksfreund,'' 1850-1908, PLCH, CHLA, microfilm; [http://www.GenealogyBank.com GenealogyBank] | *+''Volksfreund,'' 1850-1908, PLCH, CHLA, microfilm; [http://www.GenealogyBank.com GenealogyBank] ($), 1863-1904. Primarily read by German Catholic readers, this newspaper is indexed in: Jeffrey Herbert, ''Index of Death Notices and Marriage Notices Appearing in Cincinnati Volksfreund, 1850-1908'' (Cincinnati: Hamilton County Genealogical Society, 1991). | ||
*''Westliche Blätter,'' 1865-1918, Sunday edition of ''Volksblatt,'' PLCH, OHS, CHLA, ARB. | *''Westliche Blätter,'' 1865-1918, Sunday edition of ''Volksblatt,'' PLCH, OHS, CHLA, ARB. | ||
*+''Zeitung'', 1887-1901, PLCH, CHLA, microfilm. This book indexes the labor ''Zeitung''’s 20,000 death entries including many people in institutions; Jeffrey Herbert, ''Index of Death Lists Appearing in the Cincinnatier Zeitung, 1887-1901'' (Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999). | *+''Zeitung'', 1887-1901, PLCH, CHLA, microfilm. This book indexes the labor ''Zeitung''’s 20,000 death entries including many people in institutions; Jeffrey Herbert, ''Index of Death Lists Appearing in the Cincinnatier Zeitung, 1887-1901'' (Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999). | ||
=== Religious newspapers === | === Religious newspapers === | ||
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*''Die Deborah,'' German Jewish newspaper, 1855-1902, PLCH, [http://huc.edu/libraries/collections/ajpc American Jewish Periodical Center] at Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati. | *''Die Deborah,'' German Jewish newspaper, 1855-1902, PLCH, [http://huc.edu/libraries/collections/ajpc American Jewish Periodical Center] at Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati. | ||
*''Haus und Herd,'' 1873-1918, German Methodist newspaper, PLCH, OHS. | *''Haus und Herd,'' 1873-1918, German Methodist newspaper, PLCH, OHS. | ||
*''Protestantische Zeitblätter,'' 1849-1879, United Lutheran and Reformed Congregation newspaper. 1853-1865 issues are in CHLA, PLCH, and ARB, which has | *''Protestantische Zeitblätter,'' 1849-1879, United Lutheran and Reformed Congregation newspaper. 1853-1865 issues are in CHLA, PLCH, and ARB, which has [http://www.libraries.uc.edu/libraries/arb/ger_americana/germaninventories/articles_from_protestantische_zeitbl%E4tter.pdf an article subject index] (not every-name), 1853-1864. | ||
*''Wahrheitsfreund,'' 1837-1907, first German Catholic newspaper in the U.S., PLCH and ARB. Hathi Trust Digital Library has made editions of Wahrheitsfreund available online, [http://goo.gl/yiF4UF http://goo.gl/yiF4UF]. These are full-view digital images from the University of Illinois collection including: vol. 2 (1838-1839); vol. 3 (1839-1840); vol. 4 (1840); vol. 11 (1847-1848); vol. 19 (1855-1856); vol. 25 (1861-1862) and vol. 26 (1862-1863).<br> | *''Wahrheitsfreund,'' 1837-1907, first German Catholic newspaper in the U.S., PLCH and ARB. Hathi Trust Digital Library has made editions of Wahrheitsfreund available online, [http://goo.gl/yiF4UF http://goo.gl/yiF4UF]. These are full-view digital images from the University of Illinois collection including: vol. 2 (1838-1839); vol. 3 (1839-1840); vol. 4 (1840); vol. 11 (1847-1848); vol. 19 (1855-1856); vol. 25 (1861-1862) and vol. 26 (1862-1863).<br> | ||
*Overton, Julie. ''The Ministers and Churches of the Central German Conference (Methodist), 1835-1907.'' Thomson, Illinois: Heritage House, 1975. This book has abstracts of long obituaries, most with birthplaces, for ministers in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. <span id="1336097615042E" style="display: none"> | *Overton, Julie. ''The Ministers and Churches of the Central German Conference (Methodist), 1835-1907.'' Thomson, Illinois: Heritage House, 1975. This book has abstracts of long obituaries, most with birthplaces, for ministers in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. <span id="1336097615042E" style="display: none"> </span> | ||
== German society records | == German society records == | ||
Hundreds of German Vereine (societies) have been formed in Cincinnati since 1819 to serve a wide variety of purposes, and thousands of Germans became members – sometimes leaving a paper trail. Before World War I over 100 Vereine were active: 12 singing societies, 12 trade unions, 59 mutual aid societies, 3 marksmen clubs, 3 Turnvereine, 13 cultural organizations, 7 charitable organizations, and 3 central organizations – in addition to 80 Catholic religious societies. In 1915 it was estimated that these societies had 11,800 members. Today there are still 30 active German-American societies in Greater Cincinnati. | Hundreds of German Vereine (societies) have been formed in Cincinnati since 1819 to serve a wide variety of purposes, and thousands of Germans became members – sometimes leaving a paper trail. Before World War I over 100 Vereine were active: 12 singing societies, 12 trade unions, 59 mutual aid societies, 3 marksmen clubs, 3 Turnvereine, 13 cultural organizations, 7 charitable organizations, and 3 central organizations – in addition to 80 Catholic religious societies. In 1915 it was estimated that these societies had 11,800 members. Today there are still 30 active German-American societies in Greater Cincinnati. | ||
*Gorbach, August. ''Deutscher Vereins-Wegweiser von Cincinnati, Ohio.'' Cincinnati: S. Rosenthal & Co., | *Gorbach, August. ''Deutscher Vereins-Wegweiser von Cincinnati, Ohio.'' Cincinnati: S. Rosenthal & Co., 1915. This book describes the history of 115 German societies, with 77 portraits of officers. | ||
*Gorbach, August. ''Das Hilfwerk und Cincinnatis deutsche Vereine.'' Cincinnati: S. Rosenthal & Co., 1917. [http://books.google.com/books?id=5I9QAAAAYAAJ&num=13 Digital version]. | *Gorbach, August. ''Das Hilfwerk und Cincinnatis deutsche Vereine.'' Cincinnati: S. Rosenthal & Co., 1917. [http://books.google.com/books?id=5I9QAAAAYAAJ&num=13 Digital version]. This book includes a list of 110 German societies in 1917, with their officers and meeting locations. | ||
=== Deutsche Pionier Verein | === Deutsche Pionier Verein === | ||
''Deutsche Pionier Verein'' (German Pioneer Society) was the largest and most influential German society in Cincinnati. The Society required its members to be male immigrants at least 40 years old, who had lived in the Cincinnati area for at least 25 years. Over time these requirements were relaxed. By 1875 members could live anywhere in the United States for 25 years, and by 1930 members could be born in the U.S. and only had to speak German. Members worked in labor, the trades, business and the professions. | ''Deutsche Pionier Verein'' (German Pioneer Society) was the largest and most influential German society in Cincinnati. The Society required its members to be male immigrants at least 40 years old, who had lived in the Cincinnati area for at least 25 years. Over time these requirements were relaxed. By 1875 members could live anywhere in the United States for 25 years, and by 1930 members could be born in the U.S. and only had to speak German. Members worked in labor, the trades, business and the professions. | ||
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*Andrusko, Samuel M. ''Der Deutsche Pionier: Membership Lists (1869-1887) of the Deutschen Pionier-Vereins of Cincinnati and Branches in Dayton and Toledo (Ohio) and Covington and Newport (Kentucky), With Selected Additional Biographical Information from Obituaries and Biographies in the Deutschen Pionier.'' In ARB and Library of Congress. | *Andrusko, Samuel M. ''Der Deutsche Pionier: Membership Lists (1869-1887) of the Deutschen Pionier-Vereins of Cincinnati and Branches in Dayton and Toledo (Ohio) and Covington and Newport (Kentucky), With Selected Additional Biographical Information from Obituaries and Biographies in the Deutschen Pionier.'' In ARB and Library of Congress. | ||
*Herbert, Jeffrey. ''Index of Death and Other Notices Appearing in the Cincinnati Freie Presse, 1874-1920.'' Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1993. Part II, Appendix B, of this book indexes the names of new DPV members for whom information was printed in ''Freie Presse'' between 1874 and 1929, usually including their birthplace and birthdate. | *Herbert, Jeffrey. ''Index of Death and Other Notices Appearing in the Cincinnati Freie Presse, 1874-1920.'' Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1993. Part II, Appendix B, of this book indexes the names of new DPV members for whom information was printed in ''Freie Presse'' between 1874 and 1929, usually including their birthplace and birthdate. | ||
*''Deutsche Pionier,'' journal, 1869-1887, in PLCH, CHLA, and ARB. 1869-1878 issues are indexed, with some article abstracts, in Clifford Neal Smith, ''Early 19th Century German Settlers in Ohio (Mainly Cincinnati and Environs), Kentucky, and Other States'' (Baltimore, Maryland: Clearfield Publishing Co., 2004), in many libraries and on [http://www.ancestry.com Ancestry.com] | *''Deutsche Pionier,'' journal, 1869-1887, in PLCH, CHLA, and ARB. 1869-1878 issues are indexed, with some article abstracts, in Clifford Neal Smith, ''Early 19th Century German Settlers in Ohio (Mainly Cincinnati and Environs), Kentucky, and Other States'' (Baltimore, Maryland: Clearfield Publishing Co., 2004), in many libraries and on [http://www.ancestry.com Ancestry.com] ($). 1869-1887 issues are indexed by name and place on the website of the [http://www.nausa.uni-oldenburg.de/pionier/frame.html University of Oldenburg’s Research Center, German Emigrants to the USA]. | ||
*''Vorstandsbericht über das Vereinsjahr deutscher Pionier Verein von Cincinnati,'' annual with obituaries, 1888-1938, is in PLCH and ARB. 1929-1937 issues are indexed in ''Tracer'' 8:2, 8:3, 11:1, 11:2. A typescript index to 1928-1938 issues is in the PLCH Cincinnati Room. | *''Vorstandsbericht über das Vereinsjahr deutscher Pionier Verein von Cincinnati,'' annual with obituaries, 1888-1938, is in PLCH and ARB. 1929-1937 issues are indexed in ''Tracer'' 8:2, 8:3, 11:1, 11:2. A typescript index to 1928-1938 issues is in the PLCH Cincinnati Room. | ||
*''Deutsche Pionier'' and ''Vorstandsbericht'' obituaries are indexed in the PLCH Local History Index card file. | *''Deutsche Pionier'' and ''Vorstandsbericht'' obituaries are indexed in the PLCH Local History Index card file. | ||
*Portraits of 475 DPV members, taken before June 1875, are in CHLA photographic collection SC 105. Their names are indexed in ''Tracer'' 22:1. The “Ratterman” binder in CHLA has thumbnail images of the portraits in alphabetical order. Images from a poster with the portraits, now in the Campbell County Historical and Genealogical Society in Alexandria, Kentucky, and a digital version of a Deutsche Pionier article about the portraits, are available at | *Portraits of 475 DPV members, taken before June 1875, are in CHLA photographic collection SC 105. Their names are indexed in ''Tracer'' 22:1. The “Ratterman” binder in CHLA has thumbnail images of the portraits in alphabetical order. Images from a poster with the portraits, now in the Campbell County Historical and Genealogical Society in Alexandria, Kentucky, and a digital version of a Deutsche Pionier article about the portraits, are available at the [http://www.nausa.uni-oldenburg.de/pionierbild/index.html University of Oldenburg’s Research Center, German Emigrants to the USA]. . | ||
*Burck, Kenny, and Cyprych, Deb. “Deathdates of Deutsche Pionier Verein Members,” 1868-1909, ''Tracer'' 29:1 – 30:1; 1909-1954, ''Tracer'' 29:4 – 30:3. | *Burck, Kenny, and Cyprych, Deb. “Deathdates of Deutsche Pionier Verein Members,” 1868-1909, ''Tracer'' 29:1 – 30:1; 1909-1954, ''Tracer'' 29:4 – 30:3. | ||
*Sell, Rainer. “Der Deutsche Pionier-Verein von Cincinnati, Heinrich Armin Rattermann, and ''Der Deutsche Pionier:'' A Nucleus of Nineteenth-Century German-America.” ''Yearbook of German-American Studies'' 20 (1985), 49-60, digital verson at | *Sell, Rainer. “Der Deutsche Pionier-Verein von Cincinnati, Heinrich Armin Rattermann, and ''Der Deutsche Pionier:'' A Nucleus of Nineteenth-Century German-America.” ''Yearbook of German-American Studies'' 20 (1985), 49-60, digital verson at the [http://www.nausa.uni-oldenburg.de/pionier/frame.html University of Oldenburg’s Research Center, German Emigrants to the USA]. | ||
=== Other German societies === | === Other German societies === | ||
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''The Cincinnati Central Turners,'' the oldest surviving German society in Cincinnati and the first Turner society in America, was formed in 1848 by immigrants fleeing the 1848 Revolution in the German states, to promote physical and mental health. The Central Turner Society in Over-the-Rhine had 450 members in 1875. There were six other Turner societies in Cincinnati, in Cumminsville (1870-1895), West End (1881-1910), North Cincinnati/Corryville (1881-1932), Lick Run (1881-1888), and Norwood (1905-1938), as well as the German Hungarian Turners (1916-1918). | ''The Cincinnati Central Turners,'' the oldest surviving German society in Cincinnati and the first Turner society in America, was formed in 1848 by immigrants fleeing the 1848 Revolution in the German states, to promote physical and mental health. The Central Turner Society in Over-the-Rhine had 450 members in 1875. There were six other Turner societies in Cincinnati, in Cumminsville (1870-1895), West End (1881-1910), North Cincinnati/Corryville (1881-1932), Lick Run (1881-1888), and Norwood (1905-1938), as well as the German Hungarian Turners (1916-1918). | ||
*Central Turners, 1848-1948, CHLA manuscript collection Mss fT954, includes membership rosters. Volume 1, 1848-1861, has name, date of admission, and remarks on membership status, with an index at the back. Volume 2, starting in 1866, and Volume 3, starting in 1881, list | *Central Turners, 1848-1948, CHLA manuscript collection Mss fT954, includes membership rosters. Volume 1, 1848-1861, has name, date of admission, and remarks on membership status, with an index at the back. Volume 2, starting in 1866, and Volume 3, starting in 1881, list birthdate, citizenship, military regiment, village and state of birth, date of admission, business or trade, and remarks, for about 3,000 members. Entries are arranged by first letter of surname in Volumes 2 and 3. | ||
*Gollmer, Hugo. ''Namensliste der Pioniere des Nord-Amerik. Turnerbundes der Jahre 1848-1862.'' St. Louis, 1885. This book has information for 84 members in Greater Cincinnati including occupation, province and year of birth, date of emigration, former and current Turnvereine and years of membership, Civil War regiment. | *Gollmer, Hugo. ''Namensliste der Pioniere des Nord-Amerik. Turnerbundes der Jahre 1848-1862.'' St. Louis, 1885. This book has information for 84 members in Greater Cincinnati including occupation, province and year of birth, date of emigration, former and current Turnvereine and years of membership, Civil War regiment. | ||
*Woellert, Dann. ''Cincinnati Turner Societies: The Cradle of an American Movement''. Charleston: History Press, 2012. | *Woellert, Dann. ''Cincinnati Turner Societies: The Cradle of an American Movement''. Charleston: History Press, 2012. | ||
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*Record of Benefits, 1883-1924, Film 1548045, has personal information, occasionally including place of birth. | *Record of Benefits, 1883-1924, Film 1548045, has personal information, occasionally including place of birth. | ||
*[http://gacl.org/page3.html The German Heritage Museum] in Cincinnati | *[http://gacl.org/page3.html The German Heritage Museum] in Cincinnati has the society’s original records. | ||
''Deutsche Literarische Klub'' (German Literary Club) was the premier society for German intellectuals in Cincinnati, founded in 1877. On November 6, 1927 the sole remaining German newspaper in Cincinnati, ''Freie Presse'', printed a special issue in honor of the club’s 50th anniversary, with photographs of members. | ''Deutsche Literarische Klub'' (German Literary Club) was the premier society for German intellectuals in Cincinnati, founded in 1877. On November 6, 1927 the sole remaining German newspaper in Cincinnati, ''Freie Presse'', printed a special issue in honor of the club’s 50th anniversary, with photographs of members. | ||
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''Independent Order of Odd Fellows,'' Humboldt Lodge, No. 274, was established in 1855 in Cincinnati as a German-speaking IOOF lodge. The lodge had 355 members in 1892. | ''Independent Order of Odd Fellows,'' Humboldt Lodge, No. 274, was established in 1855 in Cincinnati as a German-speaking IOOF lodge. The lodge had 355 members in 1892. | ||
*IOOF Humboldt Lodge, No. 274, Records, 1908-1922, CHLA manuscript collection Mss 915, contains membership rosters and other records. An index is provided in the CHLA manuscript register for over 500 members. Entries include initiation date and age, recommending member, and sometimes deathdate or location of previous lodge. | *IOOF Humboldt Lodge, No. 274, Records, 1908-1922, CHLA manuscript collection Mss 915, contains membership rosters and other records. An index is provided in the CHLA manuscript register for over 500 members. Entries include initiation date and age, recommending member, and sometimes deathdate or location of previous lodge. | ||
CHLA also has manuscript collections for ''Cincinnati Männerchor ''(Men’s Choral Group), | CHLA also has manuscript collections for ''Cincinnati Männerchor ''(Men’s Choral Group), ''Unterstützungsverein Deutscher Männer ''(German Men’s Relief Society),''Deutschen Mandolin Klub'', and ''Deutschen Schutzengesellschaft ''(German Shooting Society). | ||
[http://gacl.org/page3.html The German Heritage Museum] in Cincinnati | [http://gacl.org/page3.html The German Heritage Museum] in Cincinnati has the records of ''Frauenstadtverband'' and ''Herwegh Gesangverein''. The Museum also has group photographs, with each person identified, for members of ''Deutsch-Ungarische Arbeiter Männerchor, Deutsch-Ungarische Gewerbe Unterstützungsverein, Badater Deutschen Frauen Kranken Unterstützungsverein'', and ''Deutsch-Ungarische Damen Kranken Unterstützungsverein''. | ||
== Civil War records == | == Civil War records == | ||
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