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→Masculine and Feminine Surnames
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Surnames in the modern sense were first used among Byzantine and Venetian nobility about the ninth century. From Venice the practice spread to much of Western Europe. By the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries the custom was widely practiced in Britain and France. In Central Europe; Germany, Hungary, and Austria; including the area now in Czechoslovakia, the practice was well established by the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. | Surnames in the modern sense were first used among Byzantine and Venetian nobility about the ninth century. From Venice the practice spread to much of Western Europe. By the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries the custom was widely practiced in Britain and France. In Central Europe; Germany, Hungary, and Austria; including the area now in Czechoslovakia, the practice was well established by the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. | ||
=== Masculine and Feminine Surnames === | '''Bold text'''=== Masculine and Feminine Surnames === | ||
Czech and Slovak surnames are affected by gender. A woman's surname must have a feminine ending. Grammatically there are two types of surnames: adjectives and nouns. Surname endings vary according to the type of surname and the sex of the person. | Czech and Slovak surnames are affected by gender. A woman's surname must have a feminine ending. Grammatically there are two types of surnames: adjectives and nouns. Surname endings vary according to the type of surname and the sex of the person. | ||
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Surnames that end with an '''-a''', '''-e''', or '''-o''' drop the final letter before adding the '''-ová'''. | Surnames that end with an '''-a''', '''-e''', or '''-o''' drop the final letter before adding the '''-ová'''. | ||
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" | |||
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''Male''<br> Kučera<br> Homolka<br> Housle<br> Mičko<br> Štýblo<br> | |||
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''Female''<br> | |||
Kučerová<br> | |||
Homolková<br> | |||
Houslová<br> | |||
Mičková<br> | |||
Štýblová<br> | |||
|} | |||
Surnames ending with '''-ě''' are quite uncommon. These usually simply drop the before adding the '''-ová'''. Some however keep the '''-ě''' and add a '''t''' before adding the '''-ová'''. | |||
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" | |||
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''Male''<br> Bechyně<br> Vlčiště<br> Ditě<br> Hrabě<br> | |||
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''Female''<br> | |||
Bechyňová<br> | |||
Vlčišťová<br> | |||
Ditětová<br> | |||
Hrabětová<br> | |||
|} | |||
but | |||
Surnames that end in ec or ek (or rarely ev or el) drop the e before adding the ová. | Surnames that end in ec or ek (or rarely ev or el) drop the e before adding the ová. | ||