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Latin Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions
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==== Plurals ==== | |||
Plural forms of Latin words usually end in -i, -ae, or -es. Thus patrinus (godfather) becomes patrini (godparents), filia (daughter) becomes filiae (daughters), and pater (father) becomes patres (fathers). However, these same endings may also indicate other grammatical changes besides plurality. | |||
==== Grammatical Use ==== | |||
The endings of Latin words can also vary depending on the grammatical use of the words. Latin grammar requires a specific type of ending for a word used as the subject of the sentence, used in the possessive, used as the object of a verb, or used with a preposition. Latin words fall into several classes, each with its own set of grammatical endings. | |||
If you do not find a Latin word in this list with the same ending as the word in your Latin document, find a similar ending in the examples below to see how the word in your document is used: | |||
{| width="100%" | |||
|- | |||
| '''Latin''' | |||
| '''English''' | |||
|- | |||
| filius | |||
| son | |||
|- | |||
| (pater) filii | |||
| (father) of the son | |||
|- | |||
| (baptizavi) filium | |||
| (I baptized the) son | |||
|- | |||
| (ex) filio | |||
| (from) the son | |||
|- | |||
| vidua | |||
| widow | |||
|- | |||
| (filius) viduae | |||
| (son) of the widow | |||
|- | |||
| (sepelivi) viduam | |||
| (I buried the) widow | |||
|- | |||
| (ex) vidua | |||
| (from) the widow | |||
|- | |||
| pater | |||
| father | |||
|- | |||
| (filius) patris | |||
| (son) of the father | |||
|- | |||
| (sepelivi) patrem | |||
| (I buried the) father | |||
|- | |||
| (ex) patre | |||
| (from) the father | |||
|} | |||
Other noun endings change as follows to show possession: | |||
-as may change to -atis | |||
-ns may change to -ntis | |||
-or may change to -oris | |||
-tio may change to -tionis | |||
Example: sartor (tailor) changes to sartoris (of the tailor) | |||
Words that show action (verbs) also vary depending on who is doing the action and whether the action is past, present, or future. For example, the Latin word baptizare (to baptize) will appear with various endings: | |||
{| width="100%" | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| '''Present''' | |||
| '''Past''' | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| ''baptize'' | |||
| ''have baptized, baptized'' | |||
|- | |||
| (I) | |||
| baptizo | |||
| baptizavi, baptizabam | |||
|- | |||
| (he) | |||
| baptizat | |||
| baptizavit, baptizabat | |||
|- | |||
| (they) | |||
| baptizant | |||
| baptizaverunt, baptizabant | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| ''is baptized'' | |||
| ''was baptized'' | |||
|- | |||
| (he/she) | |||
| baptizatur | |||
| baptizatus/baptizata est | |||
|} | |||
===Spelling=== | ===Spelling=== | ||