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(New page: SURNAMES AND GIVEN NAMES Czechoslovakia SURNAMES HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In earlier centuries throughout Europe, one name was usually sufficient. But as populations increased it became...) |
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=== Religions === | |||
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" | |||
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Roman Catholic<br> Greek Catholic<br> Orthodox<br> Protestant<br> Jewish<br> Moslem<br> | |||
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''rimo-katolička''<br> | |||
''grčko-katolička''<br> | |||
''pravoslavna''<br> | |||
''protestantska''<br> | |||
''židovska''<br> | |||
''muslimanska''<br> | |||
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== Surnames == | |||
=== Historical Background === | |||
In earlier centuries throughout Europe, one name was usually sufficient. But as populations increased it became necessary to distinguish between individuals with the same name. The problem was usually solved by adding descriptive information. Thus we find John the tailor, John the son of Nicholas, John the short, John the newcomer, or John from Moravia. When these "surnames" first came into being they were applied only to one person and not to the whole family. In time, these names became hereditary so that they passed from generation to generation. | In earlier centuries throughout Europe, one name was usually sufficient. But as populations increased it became necessary to distinguish between individuals with the same name. The problem was usually solved by adding descriptive information. Thus we find John the tailor, John the son of Nicholas, John the short, John the newcomer, or John from Moravia. When these "surnames" first came into being they were applied only to one person and not to the whole family. In time, these names became hereditary so that they passed from generation to generation. | ||
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Surnames in the modern sense were first used among Byzantine and Venetian nobility about the ninth century. From Venice the practice spread to much of Western Europe. By the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries the custom was widely practiced in Britain and France. In Central Europe; Germany, Hungary, and Austria; including the area now in Czechoslovakia, the practice was well established by the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. | Surnames in the modern sense were first used among Byzantine and Venetian nobility about the ninth century. From Venice the practice spread to much of Western Europe. By the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries the custom was widely practiced in Britain and France. In Central Europe; Germany, Hungary, and Austria; including the area now in Czechoslovakia, the practice was well established by the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. | ||
=== Masculine and Feminine Surnames === | |||
Czech and Slovak surnames are affected by gender. A woman's surname must have a feminine ending. Grammatically there are two types of surnames: adjectives and nouns. Surname endings vary according to the type of surname and the sex of the person. | Czech and Slovak surnames are affected by gender. A woman's surname must have a feminine ending. Grammatically there are two types of surnames: adjectives and nouns. Surname endings vary according to the type of surname and the sex of the person. | ||