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''[[Russia Genealogy|Russia]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Russia Historical Geography|Historical Geography]]'' | |||
The Russian Federation stretches across much of the north of the supercontinent of Eurasia. Although it contains a large share of the world's Arctic and sub-Arctic areas, and therefore has less population, economic activity, and physical variety per unit area than most countries, the great area south of these still accommodates a great variety of landscapes and climates. The mid-annual temperature is +5.5°C (42°F). | The Russian Federation stretches across much of the north of the supercontinent of Eurasia. Although it contains a large share of the world's Arctic and sub-Arctic areas, and therefore has less population, economic activity, and physical variety per unit area than most countries, the great area south of these still accommodates a great variety of landscapes and climates. The mid-annual temperature is +5.5°C (42°F). | ||
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== Localities == | == Localities == | ||
In 1708 Peter the Great divided Imperial Russia into eight large provinces | In 1708 Peter the Great divided Imperial Russia into eight large provinces - '''gubernii'''. A county - '''uyezd''' was the subdivision of a guberniya. | ||
The statute of 1775 instituted by Catherine the Great divided Russia into 40 provinces | The statute of 1775 instituted by Catherine the Great divided Russia into 40 provinces, each divided into an average of 10 counties. | ||
In 1797 each county | In 1797 each county was divided into districts - '''volosti''' and villages - '''derevnya''' or '''selo''', distinguished by the fact that a ''selo'' normally had a church. A '''stan''' was known to be a police jurisdiction. This organization remained fairly stable. | ||
At the beginning of the 20th century there were 50 provinces | At the beginning of the 20th century there were 50 provinces in European Russia; not including Finland, Poland, and the Caucasus. Most of the provinces in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Far East corresponding to imperial provinces were called '''oblasti'''. | ||
In 1914, there were 78 gubernii and 20 oblasti. | In 1914, there were 78 gubernii and 20 oblasti. | ||
In modern Russia, an oblast is an equivalent to an imperial province | In modern Russia, an ''oblast'' is an equivalent to an imperial province. There are more provinces in modern Russia than there were provinces in Imperial Russia. Often, the records of several modern povinces are found in the archive of a single modern province whose capital happened to be the capital of an imperial province. | ||
A region '''raion''' is the intermediate jurisdiction in modern Russia, taking the place of counties | A region '''raion''' is the intermediate jurisdiction in modern Russia, taking the place of counties and districts. | ||
== Geographic Terminology == | == Geographic Terminology == | ||
Small localities like villages belong to larger administrative units or jurisdictions, which in turn belong to other larger jurisdictions. Among other things, gazetteers generally identify such jurisdictions and help us to localize places and often to distinguish between places with the same name. Following are some terms that are used for jurisdictions in Russia for both the times before and after the Revolution. | |||
<br>''' | '''Imperial Russia terms'''<br>Province ― Губерния (Guberniya)<br>County ―Уездь (Uyezd)<br>District (civil) ― Волост (Volost)<br>District (police) ― Cтaн (Stan)<br>City ― Город (Gorod)<br>Village with church ― Село (Selo)<br>Village without church ― Деревне (Derevne)<br>Place ― Место (Mesto)<br> | ||
<br>'''Soviet Union & Russian Federation terms'''<br>Province ― Област (Oblast)<br>Region ― Район (Raion)<br>City ― Город (Gorod)<br>Village ― Деревне (Derevne)<br>Place ― Место (Mesto)<br> | |||
== Border Changes == | == Border Changes == | ||
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''Vyborg/Finland''<br>--1939-->Russia | ''Vyborg/Finland''<br>--1939-->Russia | ||
== Commonwealth of Independent States. == | |||
'''CIS''' = Commonwealth of Independent States. It is a union of twelve of the independent states that formerly were republics in the Soviet Union. The Baltic States are not part of this union. (The union does not function particularly well.) | |||
'''''Republics of the Soviet Union''''' | |||
1. Russia (Russian Federation = Republic)<br>2. Belorussia<br>3. Ukraine<br>4. Moldova<br> | |||
''Baltic States:''<br>5. Estonia<br>6. Latvia<br>7. Lithuania<br> | |||
''Caucasus:''<br>8. Georgia (Gruziya)<br>9. Armenia<br>10. Azerbaijan<br> | |||
''Central Asia:''<br>11. Kazakhstan<br>12. Kyrgystan<br>13. Tajikistan<br>14. Turkmenistan<br>15. Uzbekistan<br> | |||
{{Place|Russia}} | |||
[[ru:Россия Историческая география]] | |||
[[Category:Russia]] | [[Category:Russia]] | ||