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Military records are potentially of great genealogical value and may provide information not found in any other source. These records identify individuals who served or were eligible to serve in the military. Military service (other than the militia) was usually a lifetime career. Officers came from the upper classes; soldiers usually came from the poor. On occasion, compulsory conscription was enforced and even "press-gangs" were used.


You may find evidence that an ancestor served in the military from family records, biographies, census, probates, civil registration, or church records. In addition, militaria such as headress badges, buttons, photographs of uniforms, soldier's trunks, paybooks, letters, colours, and medals with clasps can provide proof of ancestral links. Medals can have the soldier's number on the rim of the medal itself.  
Military records are potentially of great genealogical value and may provide information not found in any other source. These records identify individuals who served or were eligible to serve in the military. Military service (other than the militia) was usually a lifetime career. Officers came from the upper classes; soldiers usually came from the less well-off. On occasion, compulsory conscription was enforced and even "press-gangs" were used.  


== Online Records and Websites ==
You may find evidence that an ancestor served in the military from family records, biographies, census, probates, civil registration, or church records. In addition, militaria such as headress badges, buttons, photographs of uniforms, soldier's trunks, paybooks, letters, colours, and medals with clasps can provide proof of ancestral links. Medals can have the soldier's number on the rim of the medal itself.
 
==Online Records and Websites==
<li>'''1615-1930''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61103/ UK, Roll of the Indian Medical Service, 1615 -1930] at Ancestry - index & images ($)</li>
<li>'''1615-1930''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61103/ UK, Roll of the Indian Medical Service, 1615 -1930] at Ancestry - index & images ($)</li>
*'''1715-1947''' {{RecordSearch|4459223|Prisoners of War, 1715-1947}} at FamilySearch — [[Prisoners of War - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1715-1947''' {{RecordSearch|4459223|Prisoners of War, 1715-1947}} at FamilySearch — [[Prisoners of War - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
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[[Image:British Military2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<center>British Military2<center>]]
[[Image:British Military2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<center>British Military2<center>]]


== The National Archives ==
==The National Archives ==


The National Archives at Kew in the London area is the caretaker of most of the military records. It is important to understand the "fonds" or the way records are grouped. There is a Department code (ADM for admiralty, WO for War Office, etc) and a series number.  
The National Archives at Kew in the London area is the caretaker of most of the military records. It is important to understand the "fonds" or the way records are grouped. There is a Department code (ADM for admiralty, WO for War Office, etc) and a series number.  
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Britain's armed forces comprise, in order of seniority, the Royal Navy (including the Royal Marines - ADM) , Army (WO) and Royal Air Force (AIR). Other units can include local militia, fencibles, yeomanry and territorial units of the army. These are briefly discussed at the end of this section.  
Britain's armed forces comprise, in order of seniority, the Royal Navy (including the Royal Marines - ADM) , Army (WO) and Royal Air Force (AIR). Other units can include local militia, fencibles, yeomanry and territorial units of the army. These are briefly discussed at the end of this section.  


== History and Background ==
== History and Background==


{{Wikipedia|Military history of the United Kingdom}}  
{{Wikipedia|Military history of the United Kingdom}}  
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:''For records prior to 1707 see: [[England Military Records]] and [[Scotland Military Records]]''
:''For records prior to 1707 see: [[England Military Records]] and [[Scotland Military Records]]''


=== Seven Years War ===
===Seven Years War===


'''1756–1763:''' Seven Years War. Called the French and Indian War in North America, this war involved 120,000 British soldiers and began a continuous series of army records.  
'''1756–1763:''' Seven Years War. Called the French and Indian War in North America, this war involved 120,000 British soldiers and began a continuous series of army records.  


=== American Revolutionary War ===
===American Revolutionary War===


'''1775–1783:''' American Revolutionary War. The British army had 135,000 men in North America when fighting broke out. Some men remained in Canada after the war, but most returned to Britain. Records of Loyalists and others who remained in Canada are separate from other military records.  
'''1775–1783:''' American Revolutionary War. The British army had 135,000 men in North America when fighting broke out. Some men remained in Canada after the war, but most returned to Britain. Records of Loyalists and others who remained in Canada are separate from other military records.  
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Muster rolls for British Forces in the United States during the Revolutionary war are part of the British military records, "C" series, 1757-1899. They are microfilmed and held at the {{FSC|397529|item|disp=FamilySearch Library 928940-948947 and 1631540-1631549.}}
Muster rolls for British Forces in the United States during the Revolutionary war are part of the British military records, "C" series, 1757-1899. They are microfilmed and held at the {{FSC|397529|item|disp=FamilySearch Library 928940-948947 and 1631540-1631549.}}


=== Napoleonic Wars ===
===Napoleonic Wars===


'''1803–1815:''' [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/napoleonic-wars/ Napoleonic Wars]. Numerous battles across Europe involved 365,000 British soldiers and 300,000 seamen. These battles include the Peninsular Wars in Portugal and Spain and the famous [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/trafalgarancestors/ Battle of Trafalgar]. The names of some 1640 officers and men who served in the various ships of the Fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar are listed in a series of files through [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/Trafalgar/ Genuki.co.org].
'''1803–1815:''' [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/napoleonic-wars/ Napoleonic Wars]. Numerous battles across Europe involved 365,000 British soldiers and 300,000 seamen. These battles include the Peninsular Wars in Portugal and Spain and the famous [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/trafalgarancestors/ Battle of Trafalgar]. The names of some 1640 officers and men who served in the various ships of the Fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar are listed in a series of files through [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/Trafalgar/ Genuki.co.org].


=== War of 1812 ===
===War of 1812===


[[Image:{{HMS St Lawrence, War of 1812}}]]  
[[Image:{{HMS St Lawrence, War of 1812}}]]  
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For more general information about the war, including online documentaries, see the [[War of 1812, 1812 to 1815|War of 1812]] article.  
For more general information about the war, including online documentaries, see the [[War of 1812, 1812 to 1815|War of 1812]] article.  


=== Crimean War ===
=== Crimean War===


'''[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/battles/crimea/ 1854–1856:]''' [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/crimean-war-records/ Crimean War]. 225,000 troops were involved in the Crimea (Russian Black Sea).  
'''[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/battles/crimea/ 1854–1856:]''' [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/crimean-war-records/ Crimean War]. 225,000 troops were involved in the Crimea (Russian Black Sea).  


=== Indian Mutiny ===
===Indian Mutiny===


'''1857–1860:''' Indian Mutiny. Many of the troops discharged after the Crimean war were recalled to quell the revolt in India.  
'''1857–1860:''' Indian Mutiny. Many of the troops discharged after the Crimean war were recalled to quell the revolt in India.  


=== Boer Wars ===
===Boer Wars===


'''1880–1902:''' [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-south-african-war-how-did-the-british-conduct-war-in-1899-1902/ Boer Wars]. The first Anglo-Boer War (1880–1881) led to South African independence in 1881. The second Anglo-Boer War (1898–1902) led to the unification of South Africa in 1910.  [http://www.boer-war.com/Military/British/TransportShips.html Transport Ships] has information about the ships and the Regiments.
'''1880–1902:''' [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-south-african-war-how-did-the-british-conduct-war-in-1899-1902/ Boer Wars]. The first Anglo-Boer War (1880–1881) led to South African independence in 1881. The second Anglo-Boer War (1898–1902) led to the unification of South Africa in 1910.  [http://www.boer-war.com/Military/British/TransportShips.html Transport Ships] has information about the ships and the Regiments.


=== World War I ===
===World War I===
<li>'''1914-1918''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10239/british-silver-war-badge-recipients-1914-1918?s=275764761 British Silver War Badge Recipients, 1914 - 1918] at MyHeritage ($)
<li>'''1914-1918''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10239/british-silver-war-badge-recipients-1914-1918?s=275764761 British Silver War Badge Recipients, 1914 - 1918] at MyHeritage ($)
*'''1914–1918:''' [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/first-world-war/centenary-digitised-records/ World War I]. About 6,000,000 British service personnel served in this war. Almost 1,000,000 died.  
*'''1914–1918:''' [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/first-world-war/centenary-digitised-records/ World War I]. About 6,000,000 British service personnel served in this war. Almost 1,000,000 died.
*[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/british-armed-forces-first-world-war-disability-and-retirement-payments-for-officers-and-nurses British Armed Forces, First World War Disability & Retirement Payments For Officers & Nurses] at MyHeritage ($)
*[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/british-armed-forces-first-world-war-disability-and-retirement-payments-for-officers-and-nurses British Armed Forces, First World War Disability & Retirement Payments For Officers & Nurses] at MyHeritage ($)
'''1914-1918''' - First World War. About 35,000 Welsh servicemen died.
'''1914-1918''' - First World War. About 35,000 Welsh servicemen died.


'''Order of Battle'''
'''Order of Battle'''
*Ray Westlake. British Battalions in France and Belgium, 1914. London: Leo Cooper, 1997.
*Ray Westlake. British Battalions in France and Belgium, 1914. London: Leo Cooper, 1997.
*Ray Westlake. British Battalions in France and Belgium, 1915.  
*Ray Westlake. British Battalions in France and Belgium, 1915.
*Ray Westlake. British Regiments at Gallipoli. (1996)
*Ray Westlake. British Regiments at Gallipoli. (1996)
*Ray Westlake. Tracing British Battalions on the Somme. (1916)
*Ray Westlake. Tracing British Battalions on the Somme. (1916)
*Ray Westlake. British Battalions on the Somme.  
*Ray Westlake. British Battalions on the Somme.
*Ray Westlake. Order of Battle of Divisions, Index. Naval & Military Press, Ltd, 2009  
*Ray Westlake. Order of Battle of Divisions, Index. Naval & Military Press, Ltd, 2009
*Ray Westlake. British Battalions on the Western Front.  January to June, 1915.  
*Ray Westlake. British Battalions on the Western Front.  January to June, 1915.
*Ray Westlake. British Territorial Units, 1914-1918.
*Ray Westlake. British Territorial Units, 1914-1918.


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*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/3023317 Simon Fowler. ''Tracing Your Great War Ancestors: The Gallipoli Campaign: A guide for Family Historians.'' Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Family History, 2015. FS Library 942 D27fsg]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/3023317 Simon Fowler. ''Tracing Your Great War Ancestors: The Gallipoli Campaign: A guide for Family Historians.'' Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Family History, 2015. FS Library 942 D27fsg]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/3023318 Simon Fowler.'' Tracing Your Great War Ancestors: Ypres: a guide for family historians.'' Barnsley, England: Pen & Sword Family History, 2015. FS Library 942 D27fsy]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/3023318 Simon Fowler.'' Tracing Your Great War Ancestors: Ypres: a guide for family historians.'' Barnsley, England: Pen & Sword Family History, 2015. FS Library 942 D27fsy]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/2755579 Simon Fowler. '' Tracing Your Great War Ancestors; the Somme: a guide for family historians.''Barnsley, England : Pen & Sword Family History, 2015. FS Library 942 M27fso]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/2755579 Simon Fowler. '' Tracing Your Great War Ancestors; the Somme: a guide for family historians.''Barnsley, England : Pen & Sword Family History, 2015. FS Library 942 M27fso]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/2074310 Sarah Paterson. ''Tracing your prisoner of war ancestors : the First World War : a guide for family historians.''Barnsley, England : Pen & Sword Family History, 2012. FS Library 942 D27ps]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/2074310 Sarah Paterson. ''Tracing your prisoner of war ancestors : the First World War : a guide for family historians.''Barnsley, England : Pen & Sword Family History, 2012. FS Library 942 D27ps]
* Keith Gregson. ''A Tommy in the Family: First World War Family History and Research.''  
*Keith Gregson. ''A Tommy in the Family: First World War Family History and Research.''
* Andrew Rawson. '' Ancestor's Footsteps. The Somme 1916.'' Pen & Sword Military, 2016.
*Andrew Rawson. '' Ancestor's Footsteps. The Somme 1916.'' Pen & Sword Military, 2016.


''' Chinese Labor Corps'''
''' Chinese Labor Corps'''
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*[https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/report-giving-the-history-of-the-chinese-labour-corps-used-behind-the-lines-in-france-1917-19 Report - History of the Chinese Labour Corps used behind the lines in France, 1917-1919. British Library]
*[https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/report-giving-the-history-of-the-chinese-labour-corps-used-behind-the-lines-in-france-1917-19 Report - History of the Chinese Labour Corps used behind the lines in France, 1917-1919. British Library]


=== World War II ===
===World War II===


'''1939–1945:''' [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/world-war-ii/ World War II]. Just over 400,000 service personnel and civilians died in the war. [http://www.archive.org/details/TurnerPublishingHistoricPhotosofWorldWarII Historic Photos of the World War II].  
'''1939–1945:''' [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/world-war-ii/ World War II]. Just over 400,000 service personnel and civilians died in the war. [http://www.archive.org/details/TurnerPublishingHistoricPhotosofWorldWarII Historic Photos of the World War II].  
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'''1939-1945''' - Second World War. About 20,000 Welsh servicemen died.  
'''1939-1945''' - Second World War. About 20,000 Welsh servicemen died.  


== Royal Navy ==
==Royal Navy ==


The first permanent naval fleet was formed during the reign of King Henry VIII (1509–1547). For many years Britain had the strongest navy in the world. The earliest surviving navy records are from 1617, but the majority of the extensive collection date from the mid-1600s. Many records are available only at The National Archives.  
The first permanent naval fleet was formed during the reign of King Henry VIII (1509–1547). For many years Britain had the strongest navy in the world. The earliest surviving navy records are from 1617, but the majority of the extensive collection date from the mid-1600s. Many records are available only at The National Archives.  
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'''Royal Navy records online at the National Archives:'''  
'''Royal Navy records online at the National Archives:'''  
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/royal-navy-ratings-service-records-1853-1928/ Royal Naval Rating's Service Records, 1853-1928]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/royal-navy-ratings-service-records-1853-1928/ Royal Naval Rating's Service Records, 1853-1928]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/french-muster-rolls-battle-of-trafalgar-1805/ French Muster Rolls from the Battle of Trafalgar, 1805]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/french-muster-rolls-battle-of-trafalgar-1805/ French Muster Rolls from the Battle of Trafalgar, 1805]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/womens-royal-naval-service-records-1917-1919/ Women's Royal Naval Service Records, 1917-1919]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/womens-royal-naval-service-records-1917-1919/ Women's Royal Naval Service Records, 1917-1919]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/royal-naval-division-service-records-1914-1919/ Royal Naval Division Service Records, 1914-1919]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/royal-naval-division-service-records-1914-1919/ Royal Naval Division Service Records, 1914-1919]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/royal-navy-officers-service-records-1756-1931/ Royal Naval Officers' Service Records, 1756-1931]  
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/royal-navy-officers-service-records-1756-1931/ Royal Naval Officers' Service Records, 1756-1931]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/royal-naval-reserve-service-records-1860-1955/ Royal Naval Reserve Service Records, 1860-1955]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/royal-naval-reserve-service-records-1860-1955/ Royal Naval Reserve Service Records, 1860-1955]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/royal-naval-volunteer-reserve-service-records-1903-1922/ Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Service Records, 1903-1922]  
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/royal-naval-volunteer-reserve-service-records-1903-1922/ Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Service Records, 1903-1922]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/logs-journals-ships-of-exploration-1757-1904/ Logs and Journals of Ships of Exploration, 1757-1904]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/logs-journals-ships-of-exploration-1757-1904/ Logs and Journals of Ships of Exploration, 1757-1904]


== Royal Marines ==
==Royal Marines==


{{main|Royal Marines}}  
{{main|Royal Marines}}  
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For more information see "[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/looking-for-person/royalmarines.htm?WT.lp=rg-3189 Looking for records of a Royal Marine]" on The National Archives website.
For more information see "[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/looking-for-person/royalmarines.htm?WT.lp=rg-3189 Looking for records of a Royal Marine]" on The National Archives website.


== Army ==
==Army ==


The army began as a permanent organization in 1660. Earlier armies were raised as needed, usually as county militia units. The oldest regiment is the Honourable Artillery Company, formed in 1537. For information on pre-1660 military records, see the handbooks listed at the end of this section. The Soldier in Later Medieval England database has names of about 250,000 soldiers.  
The army began as a permanent organization in 1660. Earlier armies were raised as needed, usually as county militia units. The oldest regiment is the Honourable Artillery Company, formed in 1537. For information on pre-1660 military records, see the handbooks listed at the end of this section. The Soldier in Later Medieval England database has names of about 250,000 soldiers.  


The basic unit of the Army is the regiment under a colonel or lieutenant colonel. Regiments are usually divided into two or more Battalions. The main types of regiments which should be searched are:  
The basic unit of the Army is the regiment under a colonel or lieutenant colonel. Regiments are usually divided into two or more Battalions. The main types of regiments which should be searched are:  
 
*Cavalry
*Cavalry  
* Infantry
*Infantry  
*Corps (e,g, Army Service Corps; Royal Signals; Royal Engineers etc.)
*Corps (e,g, Army Service Corps; Royal Signals; Royal Engineers etc.)


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Originally the responsibility for directing the British Army fell under the command of the staff of the National War Office. Thus, the category for records in The National Archives of England is labeled WO for locating all Army collections. Now the army is run by comissioned officers.  
Originally the responsibility for directing the British Army fell under the command of the staff of the National War Office. Thus, the category for records in The National Archives of England is labeled WO for locating all Army collections. Now the army is run by comissioned officers.  


=== Available Records ===
===Available Records===


'''Pre-1914'''  
'''Pre-1914'''  
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You can search the [https://www.familysearch.org/ FamilySearch Catalog] to obtain the microfilm number of the TNA Catalogue Number WO 364 records. Alternatively, $ [http://www.ancestry.co.uk/ ancestry.co.uk] also has the records available to search free of charge although viewing is via subscription.  
You can search the [https://www.familysearch.org/ FamilySearch Catalog] to obtain the microfilm number of the TNA Catalogue Number WO 364 records. Alternatively, $ [http://www.ancestry.co.uk/ ancestry.co.uk] also has the records available to search free of charge although viewing is via subscription.  
*'''1917-1920''' {{RecordSearch|2126214|United Kingdom, World War I Women's Army Auxiliary Corps Records, 1917-1920}} at FamilySearch - [[United Kingdom, World War I Women's Army Auxiliary Corps Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1917-1920''' {{RecordSearch|2126214|United Kingdom, World War I Women's Army Auxiliary Corps Records, 1917-1920}} at FamilySearch - [[United Kingdom, World War I Women's Army Auxiliary Corps Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images


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'''For information on twentieth century army records''', see:  
'''For information on twentieth century army records''', see:  
* Holding, Norman H. World War I Army Ancestry. 2nd ed. Solihull, England: Federation of Family History Societies (Publications) Ltd., 1991. (FS Library book 942 M2hol.)
* Holding, Norman H. More Sources of World War I Army Ancestry. 2nd ed. Solihull, England: Federation of Family History Societies (Publications) Ltd., 1991. (FS Library book 942 M24hnr.)


*Holding, Norman H. World War I Army Ancestry. 2nd ed. Solihull, England: Federation of Family History Societies (Publications) Ltd., 1991. (FS Library book 942 M2hol.)
===Civilians===
*Holding, Norman H. More Sources of World War I Army Ancestry. 2nd ed. Solihull, England: Federation of Family History Societies (Publications) Ltd., 1991. (FS Library book 942 M24hnr.)
 
=== Civilians ===


Civilians were also captured and put in prison camps. One such camp is called The Ruhleben Civilian Internment Camp. Chis Paton has built a website dedicated to this camp and is identifying those who were there during World War 1. See [http://ruhleben.tripod.com/ Ruhleben Civilian Internment Camp Ancestors]  
Civilians were also captured and put in prison camps. One such camp is called The Ruhleben Civilian Internment Camp. Chis Paton has built a website dedicated to this camp and is identifying those who were there during World War 1. See [http://ruhleben.tripod.com/ Ruhleben Civilian Internment Camp Ancestors]  
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The application forms and guidlines can be found here: [http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/WhatWeDo/Personnel/ServiceRecords/MakingARequestForInformationHeldOnThePersonnelRecordsOfDeceasedServicePersonnel.htm UK Veteran's Agency]  
The application forms and guidlines can be found here: [http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/WhatWeDo/Personnel/ServiceRecords/MakingARequestForInformationHeldOnThePersonnelRecordsOfDeceasedServicePersonnel.htm UK Veteran's Agency]  


== Royal Air Force ==
==Royal Air Force==


Formed on 1st April 1918 by merging the aviation branches of the existing services, namely the Royal Flying Corps (Army) and the Royal Naval Air Service (Royal Navy). This merger created the totally independent Royal Air Force (RAF), and is the oldest air force in the world.  
Formed on 1st April 1918 by merging the aviation branches of the existing services, namely the Royal Flying Corps (Army) and the Royal Naval Air Service (Royal Navy). This merger created the totally independent Royal Air Force (RAF), and is the oldest air force in the world.  
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The [http://archive.org/details/nlsairforcelists Internet Archives] has some Air Force lists available online:  
The [http://archive.org/details/nlsairforcelists Internet Archives] has some Air Force lists available online:  
 
*The Monthly Air Force list (Volume Aug 1919)
*The Monthly Air Force list (Volume Aug 1919)  
*The Monthly Air Force list (Volume Sep 1919)
*The Monthly Air Force list (Volume Sep 1919)  
*The Monthly Air Force list (Volume Oct 1919)
*The Monthly Air Force list (Volume Oct 1919)  
*The Monthly Air Force list (Volume Nov 1919)
*The Monthly Air Force list (Volume Nov 1919)  
*The Monthly Air Force list (Volume Dec 1919)
*The Monthly Air Force list (Volume Dec 1919)


The [http://archive.org/details/nlsarmylists Internet Archives] has some Army lists available online:  
The [http://archive.org/details/nlsarmylists Internet Archives] has some Army lists available online:  
*Army List (Volume October-December 1914)
*Army List (Volume October-December 1914)
*Army List (Volume July-September 1915)
*Army List (Volume July-September 1915)
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Royal Air Force records accessible online at the National Archives in England:  
Royal Air Force records accessible online at the National Archives in England:  
 
*[https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C2132 Air 78: An index to airmen and airwomen's service records held in AIR 79.]
*[https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C2132 Air 78: An index to airmen and airwomen's service records held in AIR 79.]  
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/raf-combat-reports-1939-1945/ Combat Reports, 1939-1945]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/raf-combat-reports-1939-1945/ Combat Reports, 1939-1945]  
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/raf-combat-reports-1939-1945/ Operations Record Book, 1939-1945]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/raf-combat-reports-1939-1945/ Operations Record Book, 1939-1945]  
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/raf-officers-service-records-1918-1919/ Officer's Service Records, 1918-1919]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/raf-officers-service-records-1918-1919/ Officer's Service Records, 1918-1919]  
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/womens-royal-air-force-service-records-1918-1920/ Women's Royal Air Force Service Records, 1918-1920]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/womens-royal-air-force-service-records-1918-1920/ Women's Royal Air Force Service Records, 1918-1920]


== Casualties ==
==Casualties==
 
*'''1914-1921, 1939-1947''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10909/commonwealth-war-graves-1914-1921-1939-1947 Commonwealth War Graves, 1914-1921, 1939-1947] at MyHeritage ($), index and images
*'''1914-1921, 1939-1947''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10909/commonwealth-war-graves-1914-1921-1939-1947 Commonwealth War Graves, 1914-1921, 1939-1947] at MyHeritage ($), index and images
'''The Commonwealth War Graves Commission'''  
'''The Commonwealth War Graves Commission'''  
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Post-WW2 casualties can be found listed at the [https://www.gov.uk/search-armed-forces-memorial-roll-of-honour Armed Forces Memorial] website.  
Post-WW2 casualties can be found listed at the [https://www.gov.uk/search-armed-forces-memorial-roll-of-honour Armed Forces Memorial] website.  


=== Royal Navy ===
===Royal Navy===
 
*[http://www.naval-history.net/xDKCas1003-Intro.htm Casualty lists of the Royal and Dominion Navies 1889-2009], complied by Don Kindell ([http://www.naval-history.net Naval-History.Net])
*[http://www.naval-history.net/xDKCas1003-Intro.htm Casualty lists of the Royal and Dominion Navies 1889-2009], complied by Don Kindell ([http://www.naval-history.net Naval-History.Net])


== British Markings ==
== British Markings==
 
*[http://www.petergh.f2s.com/flashes.html Formation signs] were first used by the British Army in WW1 in order to provide an easy method of visual identification of the various units.
*[http://www.petergh.f2s.com/flashes.html Formation signs ]were first used by the British Army in WW1 in order to provide an easy method of visual identification of the various units.  
*[http://www.fireandfury.com/britinfo/divmarkings.pdf Vehicle Markings] in 21st Army Group 1944-1945
*[http://www.fireandfury.com/britinfo/divmarkings.pdf Vehicle Markings] in 21st Army Group 1944-1945


== Medals ==
== Medals==
 
*'''[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/british-military-campaign-and-service-medals/ Campaign Medals:]'''
*'''[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/british-military-campaign-and-service-medals/ Campaign Medals:]'''


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These two medals started a precedent of issuing campaign medals that still continues to this day, with the RAF joining the process in 1918 by following the lead set by the Army. It is a widely collected field and there are many resources on the subject. From a family history perspective, knowing what medals a relative was entitled to can lead to fascinating journies of discovery as well as the medal themselves providing useful information.  
These two medals started a precedent of issuing campaign medals that still continues to this day, with the RAF joining the process in 1918 by following the lead set by the Army. It is a widely collected field and there are many resources on the subject. From a family history perspective, knowing what medals a relative was entitled to can lead to fascinating journies of discovery as well as the medal themselves providing useful information.  


=== Awards and Honours ===
===Awards and Honours===


Brave conduct, meritorious service and so forth have long been awarded publicly. Since the 19th century, such awards to the military have generally taken medallic form although it has historically been shown that a reward may also involve a promotion or a share of the spoils, particularly if at sea and an enemy vessel was captured,  
Brave conduct, meritorious service and so forth have long been awarded publicly. Since the 19th century, such awards to the military have generally taken medallic form although it has historically been shown that a reward may also involve a promotion or a share of the spoils, particularly if at sea and an enemy vessel was captured,  
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As such, honours and awards tend to be publicly announced in the London Gazette newspaper. The online search archive can require a certain amount of skill to find what or rather who you are searching for but it can yield fantastic results: [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/search London Gazette Archive]  
As such, honours and awards tend to be publicly announced in the London Gazette newspaper. The online search archive can require a certain amount of skill to find what or rather who you are searching for but it can yield fantastic results: [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/search London Gazette Archive]  


=== Online Resources (Medals): ===
===Online Resources (Medals):===


WW1 Army medal index cards are available through $ [http://www.ancestry.co.uk/ ancestry.co.uk] - if you have a subscription they are free. Otherwise you will have to pay £2 fee to download it if you get it through The National Archives website: $ [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/british-army-medal-index-cards-1914-1920/ Medal Index Cards] . These cards contain details of name, rank, service number(s), unit(s) as well as confirmation of medal entitlement. Some of the cards have additional information on the reverse such as theatre of operations, home addresses, next of kin and so forth. Only Ancestry have copied both sides of these cards. Information on how to decipher the Medal Index Cards available at [https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/soldiers/how-to-research-a-soldier/campaign-medal-records/how-to-interpret-a-campaign-medal-index-card/ Ancestry and TNA] There is not an equivalent system for detailing medals awarded to members of the Royal Navy and RAF - medal details were recorded on the service papers and likewise, non-WW1 medals are only annotated on service records for all services.  
WW1 Army medal index cards are available through $ [http://www.ancestry.co.uk/ ancestry.co.uk] - if you have a subscription they are free. Otherwise you will have to pay £2 fee to download it if you get it through The National Archives website: $ [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/british-army-medal-index-cards-1914-1920/ Medal Index Cards] . These cards contain details of name, rank, service number(s), unit(s) as well as confirmation of medal entitlement. Some of the cards have additional information on the reverse such as theatre of operations, home addresses, next of kin and so forth. Only Ancestry have copied both sides of these cards. Information on how to decipher the Medal Index Cards available at [https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/soldiers/how-to-research-a-soldier/campaign-medal-records/how-to-interpret-a-campaign-medal-index-card/ Ancestry and TNA] There is not an equivalent system for detailing medals awarded to members of the Royal Navy and RAF - medal details were recorded on the service papers and likewise, non-WW1 medals are only annotated on service records for all services.  
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'''Medals indexes and records online at the National Archives'''  
'''Medals indexes and records online at the National Archives'''  
 
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/british-army-medal-index-cards-1914-1920/ British Army medal index cards, 1914-1920]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/british-army-medal-index-cards-1914-1920/ British Army medal index cards, 1914-1920]  
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/recommendations-military-honours-awards-1935-1990/ Recommendations for military honours and awards, 1935-1990]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/recommendations-military-honours-awards-1935-1990/ Recommendations for military honours and awards, 1935-1990]  
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/merchant-seamens-campaign-medal-records-1914-1918/ Merchant seamen's campaign medal records, 1914-1918]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/merchant-seamens-campaign-medal-records-1914-1918/ Merchant seamen's campaign medal records, 1914-1918]  
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/merchant-seamens-campaign-medal-records-1939-1945/ Merchant seamen's medal records, 1939-1945]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/merchant-seamens-campaign-medal-records-1939-1945/ Merchant seamen's medal records, 1939-1945]  
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/victoria-cross-registers-1856-1944/ Victoria Cross registers, 1856-1944]
*[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/victoria-cross-registers-1856-1944/ Victoria Cross registers, 1856-1944]


== Understanding Military Records ==
==Understanding Military Records==


Before you can use British military records, you must determine the specific name or number of the army regiment or navy ship name[s] on which your ancestor served. For suggestions on finding this information, see "Search Strategies" at the end of this section.  
Before you can use British military records, you must determine the specific name or number of the army regiment or navy ship name[s] on which your ancestor served. For suggestions on finding this information, see "Search Strategies" at the end of this section.  
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Once you know the ship name[s] or the regiment name or number, the following records may help you trace your ancestor’s career, age, and birthplace.  
Once you know the ship name[s] or the regiment name or number, the following records may help you trace your ancestor’s career, age, and birthplace.  


=== Muster Rolls ===
===Muster Rolls===


[[Image:Wo12book.png|thumb|left|<center>Wo12book<center>]]"Muster Rolls and Pay Rates" were monthly accounts that were kept of military enlistment and pay schedules. They were kept for privates up through officers and may contain valuable information such as "good conduct" awards, punishments, special assignments, and the like. A commanding officer made every effort to list everyone on his muster rolls since the number of men determined his funding. The records usually list each person assigned to a ship or regiment at the muster date, his age on joining, the date he joined, the place where he joined, and sometimes information such as a dependent list (in later army musters) and birthplace (on sea musters from 1770). Muster records for the Royal Artillery are the earliest, beginning in 1708. Other army musters exist for 1760 to 1878. After 1790, they were kept in bound volumes.<u><ref>Hamilton-Edwards, Gerald (1977). In Search of Army Ancestry. Phillimore, p. 73.</ref></u> Navy musters cover 1667 to 1878. Naval musters contain "alphabets" (indexes organized by the first letter of the surname) from 1765.These records can also be used to track the movements of a specific individual.  
[[Image:Wo12book.png|thumb|left|<center>Wo12book<center>]]"Muster Rolls and Pay Rates" were monthly accounts that were kept of military enlistment and pay schedules. They were kept for privates up through officers and may contain valuable information such as "good conduct" awards, punishments, special assignments, and the like. A commanding officer made every effort to list everyone on his muster rolls since the number of men determined his funding. The records usually list each person assigned to a ship or regiment at the muster date, his age on joining, the date he joined, the place where he joined, and sometimes information such as a dependent list (in later army musters) and birthplace (on sea musters from 1770). Muster records for the Royal Artillery are the earliest, beginning in 1708. Other army musters exist for 1760 to 1878. After 1790, they were kept in bound volumes.<u><ref>Hamilton-Edwards, Gerald (1977). In Search of Army Ancestry. Phillimore, p. 73.</ref></u> Navy musters cover 1667 to 1878. Naval musters contain "alphabets" (indexes organized by the first letter of the surname) from 1765.These records can also be used to track the movements of a specific individual.  
*Photo courtesy of National Archives at Kew, London, England
*Photo courtesy of National Archives at Kew, London, England


=== WO 12 Series: General Muster Books and Pay Lists ===
===WO 12 Series: General Muster Books and Pay Lists===


These records begin in 1732 and end in 1878. They cover guards, infantry, cavalry, and household troops. According to the National Archives these records also include special groups, such as colonial troops, various foreign legions, special regiments, and other depots.  
These records begin in 1732 and end in 1878. They cover guards, infantry, cavalry, and household troops. According to the National Archives these records also include special groups, such as colonial troops, various foreign legions, special regiments, and other depots.  
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[[Image:3rdbk-DSCN0211-1.png]]  
[[Image:3rdbk-DSCN0211-1.png]]  
*Photo courtesy of the [[England The National Archives|National Archives]] at Kew, London, England
*Photo courtesy of the [[England The National Archives|National Archives]] at Kew, London, England


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Image:Marriage-roll-2a.png
Image:Marriage-roll-2a.png
*Photo courtesy of the National Archives at Kew, London, England
*Photo courtesy of the National Archives at Kew, London, England


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Visit $ [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C14223 WO12 Series General Muster Books and Pay Lists] to learn more about these valuable records.  
Visit $ [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C14223 WO12 Series General Muster Books and Pay Lists] to learn more about these valuable records.  


=== Pension Records. ===
=== Pension Records.===


These records often contain details of an individual’s reason for pension, his fitness on discharge, and sometimes the address where pension payments were sent.  
These records often contain details of an individual’s reason for pension, his fitness on discharge, and sometimes the address where pension payments were sent.  
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There are many other pension-related records among those of the Paymaster General (Class PMG) at the Public Record Office. The FamilySearch Library also has some pension records.  
There are many other pension-related records among those of the Paymaster General (Class PMG) at the Public Record Office. The FamilySearch Library also has some pension records.  


=== Description Books ===
===Description Books===


The army description book for each regiment includes each recruit’s full name on "attestation" (enlistment), age when he joined, place where he joined, birthplace, previous trade, and physical description. Most books start about 1805 and continue to 1850. Many no longer exist. Similar records were kept for each navy ship from 1790, but many were never turned in or no longer exist.  
The army description book for each regiment includes each recruit’s full name on "attestation" (enlistment), age when he joined, place where he joined, birthplace, previous trade, and physical description. Most books start about 1805 and continue to 1850. Many no longer exist. Similar records were kept for each navy ship from 1790, but many were never turned in or no longer exist.  


=== Returns of Service (WO 25) ===
=== Returns of Service (WO 25) ===


In 1806 the War Office compiled the first return of service, listing all men in the army. The scope, content, and frequency of returns of service vary greatly. Returns of officers’ service tend to be more complete, including the names of the officer and his wife and children; birth and marriage dates and places; and a complete summary of stations, regiments, and promotions.  
In 1806 the War Office compiled the first return of service, listing all men in the army. The scope, content, and frequency of returns of service vary greatly. Returns of officers’ service tend to be more complete, including the names of the officer and his wife and children; birth and marriage dates and places; and a complete summary of stations, regiments, and promotions.  
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Similar returns of naval officers begin in 1817. The naval returns are indexed at The National Archives (ADM 10). See [[England Archives and Libraries]] for the address.  
Similar returns of naval officers begin in 1817. The naval returns are indexed at The National Archives (ADM 10). See [[England Archives and Libraries]] for the address.  


=== Pay Records ===
===Pay Records===


Pay records include the following:  
Pay records include the following:  
*Pay lists give the name and rate of pay and sometimes ‘to whom paid’ (which may be a spouse or other relative). Navy pay lists were kept by ship and are not indexed. Active duty army personnel were paid from the muster rolls, and separate pay lists do not always exist.
*Pay warrants are records of actual payment filed with the Exchequer records at The National Archives. Final pay warrants often mention a will or administration and the death date.
*Pay ledgers contain the assignments of pay, addresses to which pay was sent (from 1837), and sometimes birth dates.
* Half-pay registers contain officers’ names, ranks, regiments, dates of first half-pay, rates of pay, and sometimes death dates.


*Pay lists give the name and rate of pay and sometimes ‘to whom paid’ (which may be a spouse or other relative). Navy pay lists were kept by ship and are not indexed. Active duty army personnel were paid from the muster rolls, and separate pay lists do not always exist.
===Ship Logs===
*Pay warrants are records of actual payment filed with the Exchequer records at The National Archives. Final pay warrants often mention a will or administration and the death date.
*Pay ledgers contain the assignments of pay, addresses to which pay was sent (from 1837), and sometimes birth dates.
*Half-pay registers contain officers’ names, ranks, regiments, dates of first half-pay, rates of pay, and sometimes death dates.
 
=== Ship Logs ===


Ship logs exist from 1673. While they usually give information only on position, weather, and sightings of other ships, records of shipboard events may include names of individual seamen.  
Ship logs exist from 1673. While they usually give information only on position, weather, and sightings of other ships, records of shipboard events may include names of individual seamen.  


=== Continuous Service Engagement Books ===
===Continuous Service Engagement Books===


From 1853 navy ratings (seamen) were assigned continuous service numbers. The records gave name, birth date and place, description, and ship. Brief career details were later added. From 1872 until 1892 merchant seamen were included.  
From 1853 navy ratings (seamen) were assigned continuous service numbers. The records gave name, birth date and place, description, and ship. Brief career details were later added. From 1872 until 1892 merchant seamen were included.  


=== Registers of Service ===
===Registers of Service===


These records tell which ship a man served on. For officers these start in 1846. Those for warrant officers and seamen cover 1802 to 1871.  
These records tell which ship a man served on. For officers these start in 1846. Those for warrant officers and seamen cover 1802 to 1871.  


=== Soldiers’ Documents (WO 97) ===
===Soldiers’ Documents (WO 97)===


These records of army service are available only for those soldiers who were discharged to pension. Corresponding records for those who left the Army for reasons other than discharge were destroyed. These records vary over time and even between soldiers. They usually include attestation and discharge documents. They often contain the reason for discharge and details on age, birthplace, and trade or occupation on enlistment. They are arranged by regiment, then alphabetically by surname for the years 1760 through 1872. The records for 1873 to 1882 are alphabetically arranged by corps (cavalry, foot soldiers, artillery, guards, and so forth). From 1883 to 1914, these records are arranged in one alphabetical series.  
These records of army service are available only for those soldiers who were discharged to pension. Corresponding records for those who left the Army for reasons other than discharge were destroyed. These records vary over time and even between soldiers. They usually include attestation and discharge documents. They often contain the reason for discharge and details on age, birthplace, and trade or occupation on enlistment. They are arranged by regiment, then alphabetically by surname for the years 1760 through 1872. The records for 1873 to 1882 are alphabetically arranged by corps (cavalry, foot soldiers, artillery, guards, and so forth). From 1883 to 1914, these records are arranged in one alphabetical series.  
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The Public Record Office has a computerized index to the soldiers’ documents from 1760 to 1854. The index shows the name, age, birthplace, year of enlistment and discharge, the regiment, and the reference to the original document.
The Public Record Office has a computerized index to the soldiers’ documents from 1760 to 1854. The index shows the name, age, birthplace, year of enlistment and discharge, the regiment, and the reference to the original document.


=== Chaplains’ Returns ===
===Chaplains’ Returns===


Army chaplains throughout the British Empire kept records that list the baptisms, marriages, and burials of officers, soldiers, and their families. These returns (from 1760 to 1971) are indexed and are available by correspondence from the Office of National Statistics (formerly Registrar General). Indexes for {{FSC|731507|title-id|disp=births 1796–1880}}, for {{FSC|732266|title-id|disp=marriages 1796–1955}}, and for {{FSC|720239|title-id|disp=deaths 1786–1880}}, are available on microfiche at the FamilySearch Library.  
Army chaplains throughout the British Empire kept records that list the baptisms, marriages, and burials of officers, soldiers, and their families. These returns (from 1760 to 1971) are indexed and are available by correspondence from the Office of National Statistics (formerly Registrar General). Indexes for {{FSC|731507|title-id|disp=births 1796–1880}}, for {{FSC|732266|title-id|disp=marriages 1796–1955}}, and for {{FSC|720239|title-id|disp=deaths 1786–1880}}, are available on microfiche at the FamilySearch Library.  


=== Regimental Registers ===
===Regimental Registers===


Regiments kept birth, marriage, and death records for officers and men. Births and baptisms are indexed. These records (1790–1924) are available by correspondence from the Office of National Statistics (formerly Registrar General). The indexes are available on microfiche at the {{FSC|732111|title-id|disp=FamilySearch Library}}.  
Regiments kept birth, marriage, and death records for officers and men. Births and baptisms are indexed. These records (1790–1924) are available by correspondence from the Office of National Statistics (formerly Registrar General). The indexes are available on microfiche at the {{FSC|732111|title-id|disp=FamilySearch Library}}.  


=== Records of Service. ===
=== Records of Service.===


These records, similar to soldiers’ documents, were kept for army officers from 1771 until 1911. However, they are incomplete before 1828. They contain the officer’s birth date and place; promotions; transfers; marriage date and place; his spouse’s name; and his children’s names, birth dates, and birthplaces.  
These records, similar to soldiers’ documents, were kept for army officers from 1771 until 1911. However, they are incomplete before 1828. They contain the officer’s birth date and place; promotions; transfers; marriage date and place; his spouse’s name; and his children’s names, birth dates, and birthplaces.  


=== Lists of Officers ===
===Lists of Officers===


Published annually, these records give an officer’s name, rank, regiment or ship, and date of commission. See:  
Published annually, these records give an officer’s name, rank, regiment or ship, and date of commission. See:  
 
*''Army List''. London, England: publishers and title vary, 1754–. (FS Library book {{FSC|942 M25|disp=942 M25}}; films {{FSC|856427|film|disp=856427}}–452 and others.) First published in 1740, these lists have been published continuously since 1754 and are indexed beginning in 1766. They list army officers and are arranged by regiment. Half-pay (semi-retired) officers were not included in the early indexes. The listing for WO 65 is avaliable for free download Family History: Digital Microfilm Catalogue Description WO 65 [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ National Archives online]
*''Army List''. London, England: publishers and title vary, 1754–. (FS Library book {{FSC|942 M25|disp=942 M25}}; films {{FSC|856427|film|disp=856427}}–452 and others.) First published in 1740, these lists have been published continuously since 1754 and are indexed beginning in 1766. They list army officers and are arranged by regiment. Half-pay (semi-retired) officers were not included in the early indexes. The listing for WO 65 is avaliable for free download Family History: Digital Microfilm Catalogue Description WO 65 [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ National Archives online ]  
*''Index to Commission and Warrant Books''. N.p., n.d. (FS Library films {{FSC|824516|film|disp=824516}}–7.) This index lists naval officers from 1695–1742 and gives dates of commission and a reference to further details available at The National Archives.
*''Index to Commission and Warrant Books''. N.p., n.d. (FS Library films {{FSC|824516|film|disp=824516}}–7.) This index lists naval officers from 1695–1742 and gives dates of commission and a reference to further details available at The National Archives.  
*''Navy List''. London, England: several publishers, 1782–. (FS Library book {{FSC|942 M25gba|disp=942 M25gba}}; films {{FSC|918928|film|disp=918928}}–940, {{FSC|990323|film|disp=990323}}–326.) The Navy List names all commissioned officers, including masters, pursers, surgeons, chaplains, yard officers, coast guardsmen, and reservists.
*''Navy List''. London, England: several publishers, 1782–. (FS Library book {{FSC|942 M25gba|disp=942 M25gba}}; films {{FSC|918928|film|disp=918928}}–940, {{FSC|990323|film|disp=990323}}–326.) The Navy List names all commissioned officers, including masters, pursers, surgeons, chaplains, yard officers, coast guardsmen, and reservists.


[[Image:British Military3.jpg|thumb|right|357x417px|British Military3.jpg]]  
[[Image:British Military3.jpg|thumb|right|357x417px|British Military3.jpg]]  


=== Militia Lists and Musters ===
=== Militia Lists and Musters===


Militia lists (beginning as early as 1297) contain the names of men eligible for military service. Militia musters are lists of men in the militia. Early militia lists and most militia musters contain only the men’s names. A brief explanation of musters and the location of available pre-1757 lists are given in:  
Militia lists (beginning as early as 1297) contain the names of men eligible for military service. Militia musters are lists of men in the militia. Early militia lists and most militia musters contain only the men’s names. A brief explanation of musters and the location of available pre-1757 lists are given in:  
*Gibson, Jeremy, and Alan Dell. ''Tudor and Stuart Muster Rolls.'' Solihull, England: Federation of Family History Societies Publications, Ltd., 1989. (FS Library book {{FSC|942 M2gj|disp=942 M2gj}})
*Gibson, Jeremy, and Alan Dell. ''Tudor and Stuart Muster Rolls.'' Solihull, England: Federation of Family History Societies Publications, Ltd., 1989. (FS Library book {{FSC|942 M2gj|disp=942 M2gj}})


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For further information on militia lists and musters, see:  
For further information on militia lists and musters, see:  
*Medlycott, Mervyn, and Jeremy Gibson. ''Militia Lists and Musters, 1757–1876''. 3rd Editor. Solihull, England: Federation of Family History Societies Publications, Ltd., 1994. (FS Library book {{FSC|942 M2gj|disp=942 M2gmm}}.BYU Harold B Lee Library book '''CS 414 .X1 G533 2001'''.)
*Medlycott, Mervyn, and Jeremy Gibson. ''Militia Lists and Musters, 1757–1876''. 3rd Editor. Solihull, England: Federation of Family History Societies Publications, Ltd., 1994. (FS Library book {{FSC|942 M2gj|disp=942 M2gmm}}.BYU Harold B Lee Library book '''CS 414 .X1 G533 2001'''.)


=== Other Records ===
===Other Records===


Many other records are available, such as records on medals, casualties, promotions, desertion, and court martials. The following military branches have separate records:  
Many other records are available, such as records on medals, casualties, promotions, desertion, and court martials. The following military branches have separate records:  
 
*Fencibles were army units raised for home service only. Fencibles were usually classed with the militia, and records are kept with militia records.
*Fencibles were army units raised for home service only. Fencibles were usually classed with the militia, and records are kept with militia records.  
*The Ancient British Fencible Cavalry 1794-1800.  A brief history of the British Fencible Cavalry with a list of Officers who served with the Regiment, covering years 1794-1800. Article in Hel Achau, #3, Spring 1981, pages 21-24, FamilySearch Library Ref. 942.23 D25h
*The Ancient British Fencible Cavalry 1794-1800.  A brief history of the British Fencible Cavalry with a list of Officers who served with the Regiment, covering years 1794-1800. Article in Hel Achau, #3, Spring 1981, pages 21-24, FamilySearch Library Ref. 942.23 D25h  
* Yeomanry were volunteer regiments, records of which often do not survive or are less complete than other military records.
*Yeomanry were volunteer regiments, records of which often do not survive or are less complete than other military records.  
* Colonial armies were forces raised in other countries. Records of these forces are usually in the country where the forces were raised. A notable exception is the Indian Army, for which many records are held at the British Library Oriental and India Office Collections, 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB England. British Army in India information, [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/indian-army-personnel/ click here].
*Colonial armies were forces raised in other countries. Records of these forces are usually in the country where the forces were raised. A notable exception is the Indian Army, for which many records are held at the British Library Oriental and India Office Collections, 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB England. British Army in India information, [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/indian-army-personnel/ click here].  
*The Coast Guard (1816–1923) kept their own records, including pension, description, and other records.
*The Coast Guard (1816–1923) kept their own records, including pension, description, and other records.


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'''POWs'''  
'''POWs'''  


The [http://www.icrc.org/eng/index.jsp International Committee of the Red Cross ]has an [http://www.icrc.org/eng/war-and-law/protected-persons/prisoners-war/index.jsp incomplete list of all known POWs and internees] of all nationalities for both World Wars. Searches can be made only by a written request and an hourly rate is charged. To learn more about how to obtain a copy of a listing use the [http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/order.htm contact information ]located on their website.  
The [http://www.icrc.org/eng/index.jsp International Committee of the Red Cross] has an [http://www.icrc.org/eng/war-and-law/protected-persons/prisoners-war/index.jsp incomplete list of all known POWs and internees] of all nationalities for both World Wars. Searches can be made only by a written request and an hourly rate is charged. To learn more about how to obtain a copy of a listing use the [http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/order.htm contact information] located on their website.  


== Resources ==
==Resources==


[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ The National Archives] (TNA), located at Kew, West London, houses a wealth of information on military personnel, much of it now available to download. See the "Online Resources" section below for further information.  
[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ The National Archives] (TNA), located at Kew, West London, houses a wealth of information on military personnel, much of it now available to download. See the "Online Resources" section below for further information.  
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Records at the FamilySearch Library  
Records at the FamilySearch Library  
*'''1772 - 1935''' {{RecordSearch|2366620|Great Britain, War Office Registers, 1772-1935}} at FamilySearch - [[Great Britain, War Office Registers - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1772 - 1935''' {{RecordSearch|2366620|Great Britain, War Office Registers, 1772-1935}} at FamilySearch - [[Great Britain, War Office Registers - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images


=== The FamilySearch Library’s collection of army records includes: ===
===The FamilySearch Library’s collection of army records includes:===
 
*Army soldiers’ documents (before 1882)
*Army soldiers’ documents (before 1882)  
*Description books
*Description books  
*World War I service files
*World War I service files  
*Officers’ records of service
*Officers’ records of service  
*Army Lists 1740 to the present
*Army Lists 1740 to the present  
*Indexes to the Regimental Registers and the Chaplains’ Returns
*Indexes to the Regimental Registers and the Chaplains’ Returns  
*Regimental histories
*Regimental histories  
*Other miscellaneous army records
*Other miscellaneous army records


For the'''Navy''', the library has:  
For the'''Navy''', the library has:  
 
*Continuous service engagement books
*Continuous service engagement books  
*Indexes to commission and warrant books
*Indexes to commission and warrant books  
*Bounty papers
*Bounty papers  
*Various published sources
*Various published sources


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'''MILITARY RECORDS - NAVY'''
'''MILITARY RECORDS - NAVY'''


== Search Strategies ==
==Search Strategies==


It is difficult to locate an individual’s record without knowing his ship or regiment. If you do not know this, you may find it in other types of records. Once you know the regiment or ship, consult the muster rolls, records of service, or other records available for that ship or regiment. Strategies for finding the ship or regiment follow.  
It is difficult to locate an individual’s record without knowing his ship or regiment. If you do not know this, you may find it in other types of records. Once you know the regiment or ship, consult the muster rolls, records of service, or other records available for that ship or regiment. Strategies for finding the ship or regiment follow.  
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'''Royal Navy personnel'''. If your ancestor was in the navy after 1852, search the index to Continuous Service Engagement Books, or the Surname Index to the 1861 Census Returns of Ships. (See the "[[British Merchant Marine|Merchant Marine]]" article.) Before 1853 the source to use depends on what you know about your ancestor. If you know:  
'''Royal Navy personnel'''. If your ancestor was in the navy after 1852, search the index to Continuous Service Engagement Books, or the Surname Index to the 1861 Census Returns of Ships. (See the "[[British Merchant Marine|Merchant Marine]]" article.) Before 1853 the source to use depends on what you know about your ancestor. If you know:  
 
* The name of a ship on which he served, search the ship musters, pay lists, and ship logs for the time period he should have been aboard.
*The name of a ship on which he served, search the ship musters, pay lists, and ship logs for the time period he should have been aboard.  
*A port where your ancestor landed on a specific date, search the List Books, a geographically arranged list of ship locations at the Public Record Office (class ADM 8).
*A port where your ancestor landed on a specific date, search the List Books, a geographically arranged list of ship locations at the Public Record Office (class ADM 8).  
* A battle or campaign in which his ship was involved, search the medal rolls.
*A battle or campaign in which his ship was involved, search the medal rolls.  
* The name of an officer serving with your ancestor, search the Navy List for that officer’s ship.
*The name of an officer serving with your ancestor, search the Navy List for that officer’s ship.


Since many seamen also served in the Merchant Marines during their careers, search the records described in [[British Merchant Marine]]  
Since many seamen also served in the Merchant Marines during their careers, search the records described in [[British Merchant Marine]]  
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''Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy, 1660–1815.'' Three Volumes. N.p., n.d. (FS Library book {{FSC|942 M23cs|disp=942 M23cs}}, films {{FSC|908026|film|disp=909026}}–027. BYU FS Library book '''V 11 .G7 A52 vol.1'''.)  
''Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy, 1660–1815.'' Three Volumes. N.p., n.d. (FS Library book {{FSC|942 M23cs|disp=942 M23cs}}, films {{FSC|908026|film|disp=909026}}–027. BYU FS Library book '''V 11 .G7 A52 vol.1'''.)  


== Bibliography for Military Records ==
==Bibliography for Military Records ==


The resorces listed below may assist you in your research:  
The resorces listed below may assist you in your research:  
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White, Arthur S. comp. ''A Bibliography of Regimental Histories of the British Army''. Dallington, East Sussex, England: Naval and Military Press Ltd., 1992. (FS Library book 942 M23was.)  
White, Arthur S. comp. ''A Bibliography of Regimental Histories of the British Army''. Dallington, East Sussex, England: Naval and Military Press Ltd., 1992. (FS Library book 942 M23was.)  


== References ==
==References==
 
{{reflist}}
 


   
{{reflist}}  


[[Category:England Military Records]]
[[Category:England Military Records]]
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