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== Introduction ==
The official language of Greece is standard modern Greek, ''Dimotiki''. Most materials used in Greek research are written in Greek. Before 1976, most records were written in formal Greek, ''Katharevousa'', a literary form of the language which resembles ancient Greek. However, you do not need to speak or read Greek to research Greek records. You will need to know the Greek alphabet and some ''key words and phrases'' to understand the records. Many of the records of the Catholic church are in Latin and Italian, some military records during the period of King Otto are in German, and the records of the Greek Orthodox Church are in ''Katharevousa''.
For word lists and help researching in Greek records, see:
*[[Greek Genealogical Word List]]
*[[Latin Genealogical Word List]]
*[[Italian Genealogical Word List]]
*[[German Genealogical Word List]]
==Help with the Greek Alphabet==
You can learn the Greek alphabet just as you learned the Latin alphabet.  It's not that hard!  Also there are computer apps that help. See [[Greece Handwriting and Text|'''Greece Handwriting and Text''']].
==Forms of the Greek Language==
There are several forms of the Greek language:
* Ancient Greek, Biblical Greek, and Byzantine Greek are not seen in genealogy.
* Official Greek, Katharevusa (kathareuousa), was used in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries until the late 1960s.
* Popular Greek, Demotic (dimotiki), was used in older records of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries.
* Demotic Greek was established as the official language of the country in the 1970s. The Greek language has its own alphabet of 24 letters. The representation of Greek words in the Latin alphabet is called transliteration (sometimes referred to as romanization). No single system for transliterating Greek letters is satisfactory to everybody. The problem is complicated by tradition, phonetics, and politics.
As a result of this, Greek place names and people names may be spelled in various ways in different sources you use in your Greek research. For example, Hania may be spelled Hania or Chania or Khania depending on how the letters are transliterated. This often makes it difficult to figure out what the original Greek spelling may have been.


==Language Aids==


Another genealogical word list for Greek is found in the following source:
*Catsakis, Lica (Bywater) and Daniel M. Schlyter. Greek Genealogical Research. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA: Greek Association of Family History and Tradition (SIPEO), 1993 (45–50). (FS Library book 949.5 D27b.)
The following books and English-Greek dictionaries can also aid you in your research. You can find these and similar material at many research libraries:
*''Divry’s New English-Greek and Greek-English Dictionary''. Athens, Greece: Divres, 1959. (FS Library film 1183597, item 2.)
*Jannaris, A.N. ''A Concise Dictionary of the English and Modern Greek Languages as Actually Spoken''. London, England: John Murray, 1895 [1956 reprint]. (FS Library book 489.3321 J261c; film23 1181682, item 2.)


==Additional Resources==
==Additional Resources==
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* '''French'''
* '''French'''
* '''Italian'''
* '''Italian'''
There are several forms of the Greek language:
* Ancient Greek, Biblical Greek, and Byzantine Greek are not seen in genealogy.
* Official Greek, Katharevusa (kathareuousa), was used in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries until the late 1960s.
* Popular Greek, Demotic (dimotiki), was used in older records of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries.
* Demotic Greek was established as the official language of the country in the 1970s. The Greek language has its own alphabet of 24 letters. The representation of Greek words in the Latin alphabet is called transliteration (sometimes referred to as romanization). No single system for transliterating Greek letters is satisfactory to everybody. The problem is complicated by tradition, phonetics, and politics.
As a result of this, Greek place names and people names may be spelled in various ways in different sources you use in your Greek research. For example, Hania may be spelled Hania or Chania or Khania depending on how the letters are transliterated. This often makes it difficult to figure out what the original Greek spelling may have been.


==Word List(s)==
==Word List(s)==
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* [https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/greek.php#:~:text=Useful%20Greek%20phrases Useful Greek phrases] - Omniglot
* [https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/greek.php#:~:text=Useful%20Greek%20phrases Useful Greek phrases] - Omniglot
** [https://omniglot.com/language/kinship/greek.htm#:~:text=Family%20words%20in%20Greek Family words in Greek] - Omniglot
** [https://omniglot.com/language/kinship/greek.htm#:~:text=Family%20words%20in%20Greek Family words in Greek] - Omniglot
* [[Greek Genealogical Word List]]
* [[Latin Genealogical Word List]]
* [[Italian Genealogical Word List]]
* [[German Genealogical Word List]]


==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
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** [https://omniglot.com/writing/pontic.htm#:~:text=Latin%20alphabet%20for%20Pontic%20Greek Latin alphabet for Pontic Greek] - Omniglot
** [https://omniglot.com/writing/pontic.htm#:~:text=Latin%20alphabet%20for%20Pontic%20Greek Latin alphabet for Pontic Greek] - Omniglot
** [https://omniglot.com/writing/pontic.htm#:~:text=Cyrillic%20alphabet%20for%20Pontic%20Greek Cyrillic alphabet for Pontic Greek] - Omniglot
** [https://omniglot.com/writing/pontic.htm#:~:text=Cyrillic%20alphabet%20for%20Pontic%20Greek Cyrillic alphabet for Pontic Greek] - Omniglot
* [[Greece Handwriting and Text|'''Greece Handwriting and Text''']] - a resource to help learn the Greek alphabet.


'''Pronunciation'''
'''Pronunciation'''
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* Watts, Niki. ''The Oxford New Greek Dictionary : Greek-English, English-Greek.'' New York: Berkley Books, 2008. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/183267454 WorldCat].
* Watts, Niki. ''The Oxford New Greek Dictionary : Greek-English, English-Greek.'' New York: Berkley Books, 2008. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/183267454 WorldCat].
* Georgacas, Demetrius J. and I. N. Kazazēs. ''Modern Greek-English dictionary.'' Scarsdale, NY: Aristide D. Caratzas, 2005. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/63052335 WorldCat].
* Georgacas, Demetrius J. and I. N. Kazazēs. ''Modern Greek-English dictionary.'' Scarsdale, NY: Aristide D. Caratzas, 2005. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/63052335 WorldCat].
* Divry, George C. ''Divry's modern English-Greek and Greek-English desk dictionary.'' New York, New York: D.C. Divry, 1982. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/866195127 WorldCat].
* Jannaris, A. N. ''A concise dictionary of the English and Modern Greek languages : as actually written and spoken : English-Greek.'' London: J. Murray, 1959. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/5959221 WorldCat].


'''Online Dictionaries'''
'''Online Dictionaries'''
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* Smyth, Herbert Weir and Gordon M. Messing. ''Greek grammar.'' Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1984. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/11189840 WorldCat].
* Smyth, Herbert Weir and Gordon M. Messing. ''Greek grammar.'' Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1984. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/11189840 WorldCat].
* Rijksbaron, Albert. ''Form and function in Greek grammar.'' Leiden: Brill, 2019. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1083264592 WorldCat].
* Rijksbaron, Albert. ''Form and function in Greek grammar.'' Leiden: Brill, 2019. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1083264592 WorldCat].
* Bywater, Lica Catsakis and Daniel M. Schlyter,. ''Greek genealogical research.'' Salt Lake City, Utah: Greek Association of Family History and Tradition, 1993. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/154286524 WorldCat].


==Additional Resources==
==Additional Resources==
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