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|Westminster * | |Westminster * | ||
|Hertfordshire, London N of Thames Middlesex<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholic Church Archdioceses and Dioceses | |Hertfordshire, London N of Thames Middlesex<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholic Church Archdioceses and Dioceses - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Catholic_Church_Archdioceses_and_Dioceses_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
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Catholic priests usually did not keep registers before 1778 and many registers were written in Latin. Baptism registers usually include the names of the child’s sponsors or godparents. | Catholic priests usually did not keep registers before 1778 and many registers were written in Latin. Baptism registers usually include the names of the child’s sponsors or godparents. | ||
Some registers have been published by the Catholic Record Society. The {{FSC|415522|title-id|disp=FamilySearch Library}} has most of these published registers, and depending on the area, may have microfilms of some Catholic parish registers. Currently, unlike in Scotland, and most other church registers of the United Kingdom, the vast genealogical treasures of the Roman Catholic parish registers have mostly never been centrally located--at least on a national basis, for preservation and security, nor microfilming/imaging purposes.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholic Church Records, Registers, Births, Baptisms, Confirmations | Some registers have been published by the Catholic Record Society. The {{FSC|415522|title-id|disp=FamilySearch Library}} has most of these published registers, and depending on the area, may have microfilms of some Catholic parish registers. Currently, unlike in Scotland, and most other church registers of the United Kingdom, the vast genealogical treasures of the Roman Catholic parish registers have mostly never been centrally located--at least on a national basis, for preservation and security, nor microfilming/imaging purposes.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholic Church Records, Registers, Births, Baptisms, Confirmations - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Catholic_Church_Records,_Registers,_Births,_Baptisms,_Confirmations_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
Lists of candidates for confirmation become more frequent and then annual in the 19<sup>th</sup> century, and only at this time can one estimate the ages of the confirmands, usually 7-9 in the 19<sup>th</sup> century. Only their name, surname and religious name, (which has no genealogical significance), are recorded in a confirmation record, but it does at least establish that the child survived this long and was in this place on this date. When the dioceses were established in 1850 bishops started to keep their own records of confirmations, thus a duplicate of the parish record should appear here. There are other non-parochial ones as well, such as those that took place in schools and prisons, and for adult converts. | Lists of candidates for confirmation become more frequent and then annual in the 19<sup>th</sup> century, and only at this time can one estimate the ages of the confirmands, usually 7-9 in the 19<sup>th</sup> century. Only their name, surname and religious name, (which has no genealogical significance), are recorded in a confirmation record, but it does at least establish that the child survived this long and was in this place on this date. When the dioceses were established in 1850 bishops started to keep their own records of confirmations, thus a duplicate of the parish record should appear here. There are other non-parochial ones as well, such as those that took place in schools and prisons, and for adult converts. | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
There are special registers for the armed services, for example for the army the Roman Catholic Chaplaincy at Aldershot has baptisms, marriages and burials, (but not war deaths), which have been copied, and the Curragh British Army Camp Catholic parish in Kildare, Ireland has baptisms and marriages 1855-1880 on {{FSC|346684|item|disp=FS Library film 0926111}}. Some Catholic priests kept death registers, but with only the name and age of the deceased, and the place of burial. Some priests kept a list of the sick they had visited, especially when the last rites were necessary. Catholic churches have lists of names of the deceased arranged by day and month so that masses may be said for them on the anniversary of their death.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholic Church Records, Deaths, Burials | There are special registers for the armed services, for example for the army the Roman Catholic Chaplaincy at Aldershot has baptisms, marriages and burials, (but not war deaths), which have been copied, and the Curragh British Army Camp Catholic parish in Kildare, Ireland has baptisms and marriages 1855-1880 on {{FSC|346684|item|disp=FS Library film 0926111}}. Some Catholic priests kept death registers, but with only the name and age of the deceased, and the place of burial. Some priests kept a list of the sick they had visited, especially when the last rites were necessary. Catholic churches have lists of names of the deceased arranged by day and month so that masses may be said for them on the anniversary of their death.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholic Church Records, Deaths, Burials - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Catholic_Church_Records,_Deaths,_Burials_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
====Catholic Archives==== | ====Catholic Archives==== | ||
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====Catholic Clergy Records==== | ====Catholic Clergy Records==== | ||
Types of clergy include ''regulars'' who were priests or clergy living under vows, following a rule of life and belonging to an order such as Benedictines or Jesuits; and ''secular or seminary priests'' ministered to English congregations but did not belong to a religious order. A ''vicar apostolic'' was a Catholic bishop in a country without an ecclesiastical hierarchy, so equivalent to a diocesan bishop. The Catholic Record Society’s ''Miscellanea VII'' contains a fascinating article on priests in England and Wales in 1692. The chart below gives examples from the section on the Archdeaconry of Hampshire and Somerset.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholic Church Records, Archives, Charities, Organizations, Clergy | Types of clergy include ''regulars'' who were priests or clergy living under vows, following a rule of life and belonging to an order such as Benedictines or Jesuits; and ''secular or seminary priests'' ministered to English congregations but did not belong to a religious order. A ''vicar apostolic'' was a Catholic bishop in a country without an ecclesiastical hierarchy, so equivalent to a diocesan bishop. The Catholic Record Society’s ''Miscellanea VII'' contains a fascinating article on priests in England and Wales in 1692. The chart below gives examples from the section on the Archdeaconry of Hampshire and Somerset.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholic Church Records, Archives, Charities, Organizations, Clergy - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Catholic_Church_Records,_Archives,_Charities,_Organizations,_Clergy_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
'''Chart: Particulars of Priests in England 1692''' | '''Chart: Particulars of Priests in England 1692''' | ||
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*Holt’s ''English Jesuits 1650-1829''. | *Holt’s ''English Jesuits 1650-1829''. | ||
Gandy (''Catholic Family History: A Bibliography of General Sources''. Self-published, 1996) lists many more. A fascinating history of the late 16th century missioner’s safe-house at Grosmont Priory in Yorkshire can be found in Boddy (''Catholic Missioners at Grosmont Priory''. North Yorkshire County Record Office. {{FSC|179215|item|disp=FS Library book 942.74/G8 K2b)}}. It gives great detail about the local Catholics as well as the missioners themselves.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholic Church Records, Priests, Family and Estate Papers, Religious Orders | Gandy (''Catholic Family History: A Bibliography of General Sources''. Self-published, 1996) lists many more. A fascinating history of the late 16th century missioner’s safe-house at Grosmont Priory in Yorkshire can be found in Boddy (''Catholic Missioners at Grosmont Priory''. North Yorkshire County Record Office. {{FSC|179215|item|disp=FS Library book 942.74/G8 K2b)}}. It gives great detail about the local Catholics as well as the missioners themselves.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholic Church Records, Priests, Family and Estate Papers, Religious Orders - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Catholic_Church_Records,_Priests,_Family_and_Estate_Papers,_Religious_Orders_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
Sometimes there are parish Catholic censuses, often variously annotated later. Small parishes often kept lists of Easter communicants, which was the minimal requirement of attendance. At the parish level, ''church notice books'' are the equivalent of a parish diary, and there will be ''parish magazines, annual reports'' and magazines from local Catholic organizations. There will usually be a ''parish history'' which will include several generations of families, and the ''church account books'' are fruitful sources of local Catholic builders and suppliers. Records of local Catholic homes for the elderly may also be found, either with the home if it still exists, or with the archivist for the religious order that ran it. | Sometimes there are parish Catholic censuses, often variously annotated later. Small parishes often kept lists of Easter communicants, which was the minimal requirement of attendance. At the parish level, ''church notice books'' are the equivalent of a parish diary, and there will be ''parish magazines, annual reports'' and magazines from local Catholic organizations. There will usually be a ''parish history'' which will include several generations of families, and the ''church account books'' are fruitful sources of local Catholic builders and suppliers. Records of local Catholic homes for the elderly may also be found, either with the home if it still exists, or with the archivist for the religious order that ran it. | ||
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Prior to 1858 Catholic wills were probated in normal (Anglican) ecclesiastical courts and are usually indistinguishable from others, as it was illegal to bequeath money for ''superstitious uses'' (meaning Catholic causes). The government kept tabs on Catholic inheritance and bequests after the Jacobite Rising of 1715 by requiring that all their wills be enrolled in the Close Rolls. Catholics got around this by having a separate ''spiritual will'' used for supporting chapels, priests or daughters in convents, or to have prayers said. These wills were not officially registered, of-course, but may survive in the receiving institutions. They contain cryptic wording such as ''for purposes he knows of or to X who knows my mind'', and the recipients are often found to be a senior Catholic official, or ''Mr Dowey'', which refers to the college of Douai, France. | Prior to 1858 Catholic wills were probated in normal (Anglican) ecclesiastical courts and are usually indistinguishable from others, as it was illegal to bequeath money for ''superstitious uses'' (meaning Catholic causes). The government kept tabs on Catholic inheritance and bequests after the Jacobite Rising of 1715 by requiring that all their wills be enrolled in the Close Rolls. Catholics got around this by having a separate ''spiritual will'' used for supporting chapels, priests or daughters in convents, or to have prayers said. These wills were not officially registered, of-course, but may survive in the receiving institutions. They contain cryptic wording such as ''for purposes he knows of or to X who knows my mind'', and the recipients are often found to be a senior Catholic official, or ''Mr Dowey'', which refers to the college of Douai, France. | ||
Wills of notable Catholics, which may well mention household members, may have been microfilmed, thus that for Christopher Stonehouse (c1564-1631) of Dunsley, in the parish of Whitby, Yorkshire is on film 0,599,467. The CFHS maintains an index to beneficiaries of Lancashire wills, with 23,000 names at present.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholic Church Records, Schools, Orphanages, Status Animarum, Wills | Wills of notable Catholics, which may well mention household members, may have been microfilmed, thus that for Christopher Stonehouse (c1564-1631) of Dunsley, in the parish of Whitby, Yorkshire is on film 0,599,467. The CFHS maintains an index to beneficiaries of Lancashire wills, with 23,000 names at present.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholic Church Records, Schools, Orphanages, Status Animarum, Wills - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Catholic_Church_Records,_Schools,_Orphanages,_Status_Animarum,_Wills_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
===Catholics in Early Non-Catholic Records=== | ===Catholics in Early Non-Catholic Records=== | ||
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|'''Middlesex Sessions: '''<br>An Account of the Names, Sirnames and places of abode of such Papists and reputed Papists against whom wee have granted warrants under our hands and Seales for apprehending and brining them before us at our Petty Sessions this day held at Kensington in the Parish of Fulham in the County aforesaid In order to their being severally proceeded against according to her Maj<sup>ties</sup> late Proclamation for Amoveing Papists etc from within Ten miles of the Cities of London and Westminster etc.<br>'''Mrs Cecilia Cornwallis''' reputed Mistress of a Popish Boarding School at Hamorsmith could [not be] taken as by the Constable’s oath appeareth to us.<br>'''Martha Marshall''' servant to the said Cecilia Cornwallis appeared before us last Tuesday and refused to make and subscribe to the Declaration mentioned in an Act of the 30<sup>th</sup> King Charles the Second.<br>'''Elizabeth Henslow''' an other servant at the same Boarding School<br>'''Elizabeth Clarke''' an other servant at the same Boarding School<br>'''Anne Mullinex''' another servant there<br>'''Mary Clift''' another servant there<br>'''Elizabeth Bond''' another servant there<br>[Last five} All absconded and could not ... as the Constable of Hamersmith ... now made oath before us.<br>'''Joseph Woodcock''' servant to Samuel Hudson a Weaver in Hamsmith or to a Lodger there could not be taken as the Constable hath made oath before us.<br>'''Mr. Thomas Roberts''' lodger at Mrs Elizabeth Racketts house in Hamersmith and could not be taken as the said Constable hath made oath before us.<br>'''Elizabeth Taylor''' servant to the same Mrs Rackett - abscond also and could not be taken.<br>'''Thomas Causby''' servant to the same Mrs Rackett could not be taken as by the said Constable’s [oath] now taken before us.<br>'''Mary Brown''' servant to Mrs Mary Bolney of the parish of Chelsey in the said County appeared now and refused to make and subscribe the Declaration mentioned in the Act 30<sup>th</sup> Car. Second.<br>'''George Williams''' butler to her Grace the Dutchess Dowager of Beaufort at Chelsey appeared and refused to make and subscribe to the Declaration aforesaid.<br>'''Jane Messenger''' an inmate in the Parish of Acton in the County aforesaid appeared but refused to make and subscribe the Declaration before mentioned.<br>This account or List is Returned this sixteenth day of Aprill 1711 by us. | |'''Middlesex Sessions: '''<br>An Account of the Names, Sirnames and places of abode of such Papists and reputed Papists against whom wee have granted warrants under our hands and Seales for apprehending and brining them before us at our Petty Sessions this day held at Kensington in the Parish of Fulham in the County aforesaid In order to their being severally proceeded against according to her Maj<sup>ties</sup> late Proclamation for Amoveing Papists etc from within Ten miles of the Cities of London and Westminster etc.<br>'''Mrs Cecilia Cornwallis''' reputed Mistress of a Popish Boarding School at Hamorsmith could [not be] taken as by the Constable’s oath appeareth to us.<br>'''Martha Marshall''' servant to the said Cecilia Cornwallis appeared before us last Tuesday and refused to make and subscribe to the Declaration mentioned in an Act of the 30<sup>th</sup> King Charles the Second.<br>'''Elizabeth Henslow''' an other servant at the same Boarding School<br>'''Elizabeth Clarke''' an other servant at the same Boarding School<br>'''Anne Mullinex''' another servant there<br>'''Mary Clift''' another servant there<br>'''Elizabeth Bond''' another servant there<br>[Last five} All absconded and could not ... as the Constable of Hamersmith ... now made oath before us.<br>'''Joseph Woodcock''' servant to Samuel Hudson a Weaver in Hamsmith or to a Lodger there could not be taken as the Constable hath made oath before us.<br>'''Mr. Thomas Roberts''' lodger at Mrs Elizabeth Racketts house in Hamersmith and could not be taken as the said Constable hath made oath before us.<br>'''Elizabeth Taylor''' servant to the same Mrs Rackett - abscond also and could not be taken.<br>'''Thomas Causby''' servant to the same Mrs Rackett could not be taken as by the said Constable’s [oath] now taken before us.<br>'''Mary Brown''' servant to Mrs Mary Bolney of the parish of Chelsey in the said County appeared now and refused to make and subscribe the Declaration mentioned in the Act 30<sup>th</sup> Car. Second.<br>'''George Williams''' butler to her Grace the Dutchess Dowager of Beaufort at Chelsey appeared and refused to make and subscribe to the Declaration aforesaid.<br>'''Jane Messenger''' an inmate in the Parish of Acton in the County aforesaid appeared but refused to make and subscribe the Declaration before mentioned.<br>This account or List is Returned this sixteenth day of Aprill 1711 by us. | ||
(Signed and sealed) Nich. Goodwin<br> Jermyn Wicks<br> J.A. Cawley<br> Thomas Cullum<br> Peter Lavigne<br> Henry Fox<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholics in Early Non-Catholic Records | (Signed and sealed) Nich. Goodwin<br> Jermyn Wicks<br> J.A. Cawley<br> Thomas Cullum<br> Peter Lavigne<br> Henry Fox<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholics in Early Non-Catholic Records - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Catholics_in_Early_Non-Catholic_Records_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
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Until 1778 Catholics could not officially be executors or administrators of wills, nor guardians of children, but sympathetic Protestant friends would often assist in disguising such acts, for example by wording a will so that named executors dispose of estates ''as they see fit or according to my mind which they know''. | Until 1778 Catholics could not officially be executors or administrators of wills, nor guardians of children, but sympathetic Protestant friends would often assist in disguising such acts, for example by wording a will so that named executors dispose of estates ''as they see fit or according to my mind which they know''. | ||
During the penal period Catholics could not be educated at the universities since this would involve denying their beliefs. Some did go, nonetheless, and many went instead to the Inns of Court on London where the oath was not applied so rigorously.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholics in Additional Early Non-Catholic Records | During the penal period Catholics could not be educated at the universities since this would involve denying their beliefs. Some did go, nonetheless, and many went instead to the Inns of Court on London where the oath was not applied so rigorously.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholics in Additional Early Non-Catholic Records - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Catholics_in_Additional_Early_Non-Catholic_Records_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
===Catholic Societies=== | ===Catholic Societies=== | ||
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*The Universe from 1860. | *The Universe from 1860. | ||
*The Catholic Herald from 1888 with its many local editions. | *The Catholic Herald from 1888 with its many local editions. | ||
*The Tablet from 1840.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholic Historical Societies, Publications, Newspapers | *The Tablet from 1840.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Catholic Historical Societies, Publications, Newspapers - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Catholic_Historical_Societies,_Publications,_Newspapers_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
For information on records not available at the FamilySearch Library, [https://www.crs.org.uk/ contact the Catholic Record Society.] | For information on records not available at the FamilySearch Library, [https://www.crs.org.uk/ contact the Catholic Record Society.] | ||
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|1643, Jan 8 '''Sara''', fille de Jaque '''DELBEQUE''' et de Sara DE NEU, sa femme. ''Tem'': Jaque Hochepie, fils de Jaque; Jaque du Hamel, fils de Jean; Ester de Lespau, fille de Jean; Susanne Hochepie, nieche de Jaque.<br> | |1643, Jan 8 '''Sara''', fille de Jaque '''DELBEQUE''' et de Sara DE NEU, sa femme. ''Tem'': Jaque Hochepie, fils de Jaque; Jaque du Hamel, fils de Jean; Ester de Lespau, fille de Jean; Susanne Hochepie, nieche de Jaque.<br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1643, Mars 9 '''Ester''', fille de Dauid '''DE LESPAU''' et de Judith LE NOBLE, sa femme. ''Tem'': Jean le Keux, Salmon de Lespau, Anne, femme de Mr. Steaple, anglois; Rachel le Noble.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Records of Huguenots, Walloons, Flemish Religions | |1643, Mars 9 '''Ester''', fille de Dauid '''DE LESPAU''' et de Judith LE NOBLE, sa femme. ''Tem'': Jean le Keux, Salmon de Lespau, Anne, femme de Mr. Steaple, anglois; Rachel le Noble.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Records of Huguenots, Walloons, Flemish Religions - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Records_of_Huguenots,_Walloons,_Flemish_Religions_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
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Gwynn’s two publications (Records of Huguenots in the British Isles, pages 1-9 in Volume F, World Conference on Records and Genealogical Seminar, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA 5-8 August 1969. Genealogical Society of Utah. {{FSC|17515|item|disp=FS Library fiche 6039361(1)}} and Huguenot Heritage: The History and Contribution of the Huguenots in Britain. Routledge) , Currer-Briggs and Gambier (''Huguenot Ancestry''. Phillimore, 1985), and Delaforce (Undated, about 1981.''Family History Research'' Vol I “The French Connection”. Regency Press, London.) are good places to start, and Kershaw and Pearsall (''Immigrants and Aliens. A Guide to Sources on UK immigration and citizenship.'' PRO Publications, 2000) have details of the PRO holdings. The Huguenot and Walloon Research Association are about to publish a valuable index to the French Protestant Hospital records and a ''Guide to Protestant Ancestry Research'', an article by Tsushima describes their work. | Gwynn’s two publications (Records of Huguenots in the British Isles, pages 1-9 in Volume F, World Conference on Records and Genealogical Seminar, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA 5-8 August 1969. Genealogical Society of Utah. {{FSC|17515|item|disp=FS Library fiche 6039361(1)}} and Huguenot Heritage: The History and Contribution of the Huguenots in Britain. Routledge) , Currer-Briggs and Gambier (''Huguenot Ancestry''. Phillimore, 1985), and Delaforce (Undated, about 1981.''Family History Research'' Vol I “The French Connection”. Regency Press, London.) are good places to start, and Kershaw and Pearsall (''Immigrants and Aliens. A Guide to Sources on UK immigration and citizenship.'' PRO Publications, 2000) have details of the PRO holdings. The Huguenot and Walloon Research Association are about to publish a valuable index to the French Protestant Hospital records and a ''Guide to Protestant Ancestry Research'', an article by Tsushima describes their work. | ||
''The Huguenot Society of London'' has lead the way in gathering and publishing records of a particular religious group. The ''Proceedings'' run from 1885 and their record series (the''Quarto Series'') from 1887 to date, many giving complete transcriptions of archive material, for example the ''Returns of Aliens, Denizations'' and ''Naturalizations'' and ''Oaths of Naturalization'' from the PRO, and all of the London French church registers. Both the ''Quarto Series'' and the ''Proceedings'' are on film and there is a comprehensive (but not all-name) index by Marmoy (''General Index to the Proceedings and the Quarto Series of Publications of the Huguenot Society of London, 1885-1985''. Huguenot Society. {{FSC|501804|item|disp=FS Library book 942.1 C42m}}). Ramsay-Sharp (''Huguenot Surname Index Quarto Series Volumes 1-40''. Society of Australian Genealogists) has completely surname-indexed volumes 1-40 of the Quarto Series.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Huguenot Records | ''The Huguenot Society of London'' has lead the way in gathering and publishing records of a particular religious group. The ''Proceedings'' run from 1885 and their record series (the''Quarto Series'') from 1887 to date, many giving complete transcriptions of archive material, for example the ''Returns of Aliens, Denizations'' and ''Naturalizations'' and ''Oaths of Naturalization'' from the PRO, and all of the London French church registers. Both the ''Quarto Series'' and the ''Proceedings'' are on film and there is a comprehensive (but not all-name) index by Marmoy (''General Index to the Proceedings and the Quarto Series of Publications of the Huguenot Society of London, 1885-1985''. Huguenot Society. {{FSC|501804|item|disp=FS Library book 942.1 C42m}}). Ramsay-Sharp (''Huguenot Surname Index Quarto Series Volumes 1-40''. Society of Australian Genealogists) has completely surname-indexed volumes 1-40 of the Quarto Series.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Huguenot Records - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Huguenot_Records_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
This Protestant group began in France then spread to England as its members fled persecution. Huguenots began keeping records as early as 1567; however, few pre-1684 records still exist. | This Protestant group began in France then spread to England as its members fled persecution. Huguenots began keeping records as early as 1567; however, few pre-1684 records still exist. | ||
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The ''Religious Society of Friends'' (colloquially ''Friends'' or ''Quakers'') is a puritanical group founded by George Fox in 1647 and had its chief strength in north west England. | The ''Religious Society of Friends'' (colloquially ''Friends'' or ''Quakers'') is a puritanical group founded by George Fox in 1647 and had its chief strength in north west England. | ||
The Friends set up numerous meeting houses (they did not favour fancy church buildings, calling them ''steeplehouses''), as well as Quaker schools. In 1694 there were 151 district groups called ''Monthly Meetings'' and the local community units called ''Preparative'' or ''Particular'' Meetings drew up material for them to discuss. Men and women would often meet separately and divide up the work. Representatives were elected to the county ''Quarterly Meetings'' which, in turn, sent representatives to the Yearly Meeting held in London. Their superb organization allowed them to organize philanthropic work and exert a considerable influence in public affairs. There is a great amount of historical literature on the Society of Friends; a keyword search on the FamilySearch Catalog for ENGLAND + QUAKER brings up well over 800 references. As an example, Rickard’s small book on ''Quakers in Kent'' gives a concise history as well as lists of births, marriages and burials from different Monthly Meetings, extracts of wills, burial ground deeds and subscription list, and a Quaker Affirmation Roll. Bartlett has a two-part article on Quaker records, and a major section on west country Quakers appeared in the Greenwood Tree (Anonymous).<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Quaker History | The Friends set up numerous meeting houses (they did not favour fancy church buildings, calling them ''steeplehouses''), as well as Quaker schools. In 1694 there were 151 district groups called ''Monthly Meetings'' and the local community units called ''Preparative'' or ''Particular'' Meetings drew up material for them to discuss. Men and women would often meet separately and divide up the work. Representatives were elected to the county ''Quarterly Meetings'' which, in turn, sent representatives to the Yearly Meeting held in London. Their superb organization allowed them to organize philanthropic work and exert a considerable influence in public affairs. There is a great amount of historical literature on the Society of Friends; a keyword search on the FamilySearch Catalog for ENGLAND + QUAKER brings up well over 800 references. As an example, Rickard’s small book on ''Quakers in Kent'' gives a concise history as well as lists of births, marriages and burials from different Monthly Meetings, extracts of wills, burial ground deeds and subscription list, and a Quaker Affirmation Roll. Bartlett has a two-part article on Quaker records, and a major section on west country Quakers appeared in the Greenwood Tree (Anonymous).<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Quaker History - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Quaker_History_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
===Quaker Records=== | ===Quaker Records=== | ||
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{| width="600" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" | {| width="600" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" | ||
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|'''Gainsborough, Lincolnshire RG6/1538 on''' {{FSC|103962|item|disp=FS Library film 0817375}}<br>The register books starting in 1700 are handwritten, later some have individually printed certificates with spaces for filling in details, and later still they are printed in columns. These show When and Where born, Name, Son or Daughter, Names of Parents, Residents, description of the Father. In the last column there are three types of entries:<br>'''Simon Mow BROWN '''father of Abigail born 1804 is described as ''Grocer and Chandler.''<br>'''George BLAKEY''' father of Mary born 1805 has ''Watchmaker NB The Parents not members at the Birth of the Child.''<br>'''Samuel COOK''' father of Sarah born 1806 has ''Linen Weaver NB The Child has not a right of Membership by Birth.''<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Quaker Records | |'''Gainsborough, Lincolnshire RG6/1538 on''' {{FSC|103962|item|disp=FS Library film 0817375}}<br>The register books starting in 1700 are handwritten, later some have individually printed certificates with spaces for filling in details, and later still they are printed in columns. These show When and Where born, Name, Son or Daughter, Names of Parents, Residents, description of the Father. In the last column there are three types of entries:<br>'''Simon Mow BROWN '''father of Abigail born 1804 is described as ''Grocer and Chandler.''<br>'''George BLAKEY''' father of Mary born 1805 has ''Watchmaker NB The Parents not members at the Birth of the Child.''<br>'''Samuel COOK''' father of Sarah born 1806 has ''Linen Weaver NB The Child has not a right of Membership by Birth.''<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Quaker Records - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Quaker_Records_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
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*A fascinating account of a genealogist’s search for Quakers is recounted by Southey.<br> | *A fascinating account of a genealogist’s search for Quakers is recounted by Southey.<br> | ||
*The [http://www.quaker.org.uk website] has good discussions of genealogical sources, Quaker dates, and lists of Quaker schools etc.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Additional Quaker Records | *The [http://www.quaker.org.uk website] has good discussions of genealogical sources, Quaker dates, and lists of Quaker schools etc.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Additional Quaker Records - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Additional_Quaker_Records_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
====Quaker Marriages==== | ====Quaker Marriages==== | ||
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{| width="600" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" | {| width="600" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" | ||
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|'''Alexander Lucas ASHBY''' eldest son of Alexander and Susanna<br> Lucas ASHBY. Died 30th of 1st month 1872. Aged 14 years.<br>'''Elizabeth Sheldon Dudley ASHBY''' eldest daughter of Thomas<br> and Caroline ASHBY. Died 13th of 3rd month 1877. Aged 24 years.<br>'''Muriel Cicely''', eldest daughter of Algernon Charles and Sophia '''ASHBY'''. Born May 3rd 1878. Died Feb 21st 1880.<br>'''Caroline ASHBY''' widow of Thomas ASHBY. Died 7th of a 12th<br> month 1889. Aged 67 years.<br>'''Caroline FELTCHER (sic)''' widow of William FLETCHER. Died<br> Feb 7th 1922. Aged 82 years.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Quaker Marriage Records, Burials, Monumental Inscriptions | |'''Alexander Lucas ASHBY''' eldest son of Alexander and Susanna<br> Lucas ASHBY. Died 30th of 1st month 1872. Aged 14 years.<br>'''Elizabeth Sheldon Dudley ASHBY''' eldest daughter of Thomas<br> and Caroline ASHBY. Died 13th of 3rd month 1877. Aged 24 years.<br>'''Muriel Cicely''', eldest daughter of Algernon Charles and Sophia '''ASHBY'''. Born May 3rd 1878. Died Feb 21st 1880.<br>'''Caroline ASHBY''' widow of Thomas ASHBY. Died 7th of a 12th<br> month 1889. Aged 67 years.<br>'''Caroline FELTCHER (sic)''' widow of William FLETCHER. Died<br> Feb 7th 1922. Aged 82 years.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Quaker Marriage Records, Burials, Monumental Inscriptions - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Quaker_Marriage_Records,_Burials,_Monumental_Inscriptions_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
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It wasn’t until 1880 that Nonconformist burial ceremonies were officially allowed in parish churchyards, and one can identify them in the Anglican burial register by the name of the dissenting minister performing the service instead of the regular incumbent or his curate. | It wasn’t until 1880 that Nonconformist burial ceremonies were officially allowed in parish churchyards, and one can identify them in the Anglican burial register by the name of the dissenting minister performing the service instead of the regular incumbent or his curate. | ||
''Diaries of local Anglican clergy'' who were involved in disputes over tithes, church attendance or other unco-operative behaviour by dissidents can be mother lodes of personal information about your ancestors’ lives. Dissenters tended to be determined and outspoken, characteristics which engendered records and did not endear them to those keen on preserving the status quo.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Anglican Records that Include Nonconformists | ''Diaries of local Anglican clergy'' who were involved in disputes over tithes, church attendance or other unco-operative behaviour by dissidents can be mother lodes of personal information about your ancestors’ lives. Dissenters tended to be determined and outspoken, characteristics which engendered records and did not endear them to those keen on preserving the status quo.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Anglican Records that Include Nonconformists - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Anglican_Records_that_Include_Nonconformists_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
====Monumental Inscriptions==== | ====Monumental Inscriptions==== | ||
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Bishops’ Visitations to the parishes in their dioceses took place regularly and the Anglican incumbents were required to report on the spiritual state of their parishioners. Records contain lists of numbers of papists and dissidents and sometimes names as well. However it also has to be born in mind that the laws were not applied equally strictly from place to place. Thus, Rendel states that up until the end of the 18<sup>th</sup> century one quarter of the Anglican livings in the Wirral area of Cheshire (south of Liverpool) were held by Catholic squires. Naturally, sympathetic very High Anglican ministers would be chosen and the church would attract Catholics. | Bishops’ Visitations to the parishes in their dioceses took place regularly and the Anglican incumbents were required to report on the spiritual state of their parishioners. Records contain lists of numbers of papists and dissidents and sometimes names as well. However it also has to be born in mind that the laws were not applied equally strictly from place to place. Thus, Rendel states that up until the end of the 18<sup>th</sup> century one quarter of the Anglican livings in the Wirral area of Cheshire (south of Liverpool) were held by Catholic squires. Naturally, sympathetic very High Anglican ministers would be chosen and the church would attract Catholics. | ||
The marriage details of those who were married illegally by their own priest or minister, especially Catholics, are often referred to in ecclesiastical court records when they were presented for fornication if they had omitted to be legally married in the Anglican church as well.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Additional Anglican Records that Include Nonconformists | The marriage details of those who were married illegally by their own priest or minister, especially Catholics, are often referred to in ecclesiastical court records when they were presented for fornication if they had omitted to be legally married in the Anglican church as well.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Additional Anglican Records that Include Nonconformists - International Institute, " ''The International Institute of Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Additional_Anglican_Records_that_Include_Nonconformists_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
==Online Nonconformist Church Records== | ==Online Nonconformist Church Records== | ||
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