0
edits
m
no edit summary
m (Hungarian Word List moved to Hungary Word List) |
mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
Hungarian is unrelated to most European languages and only remotely related to Finnish and Estonian. Hungarian was used along with Latin and German in the records of all areas of the old kingdom of Hungary before 1918. This includes present-day Hungary, Slovakia, southwestern Ukraine, western Romania, Serbia, Croatia and the easternmost part of Austria. To read Hungarian records in these languages, use the Latin Genealogical Word List (34077) and German Genealogical Word List (34067). In addition, the Hungarian language may be found in the records of Hungarian communities in the United States, Canada, and other areas settled by Hungarians. | Hungarian is unrelated to most European languages and only remotely related to Finnish and Estonian. Hungarian was used along with Latin and German in the records of all areas of the old kingdom of Hungary before 1918. This includes present-day Hungary, Slovakia, southwestern Ukraine, western Romania, Serbia, Croatia and the easternmost part of Austria. To read Hungarian records in these languages, use the Latin Genealogical Word List (34077) and German Genealogical Word List (34067). In addition, the Hungarian language may be found in the records of Hungarian communities in the United States, Canada, and other areas settled by Hungarians. | ||
== | ==Language Characteristics== | ||
===Variant Forms of Words=== | |||
=== Variant Forms of Words === | |||
In Hungarian, as in English, the forms of some words vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who, whose, whom, or marry, marries, married are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives most words in the standard form, but some are given in the form most commonly seen in genealogical sources. | In Hungarian, as in English, the forms of some words vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who, whose, whom, or marry, marries, married are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives most words in the standard form, but some are given in the form most commonly seen in genealogical sources. | ||
| Line 21: | Line 19: | ||
As you read Hungarian records, be aware that most words vary with usage. The following table shows the various endings that can appear on Hungarian words with their meaning. Most endings have variant forms because the vowel in the ending must "harmonize" with the vowel in the root word. | As you read Hungarian records, be aware that most words vary with usage. The following table shows the various endings that can appear on Hungarian words with their meaning. Most endings have variant forms because the vowel in the ending must "harmonize" with the vowel in the root word. | ||
=== Common Grammatical Endings === | ===Common Grammatical Endings=== | ||
Plural forms of Hungarian words usually end with-k. This may be proceeded by one of the following vowels: a, e, o, or ő. Thus könyv (book) becomes könyvek (books); nap (day) becomes napak (days); lány (daughter) becomes lányok (daughters). The suffix -i is used instead of -ek when combined with possessive suffixes. | Plural forms of Hungarian words usually end with-k. This may be proceeded by one of the following vowels: a, e, o, or ő. Thus könyv (book) becomes könyvek (books); nap (day) becomes napak (days); lány (daughter) becomes lányok (daughters). The suffix -i is used instead of -ek when combined with possessive suffixes. | ||
=== Possessive Endings === | ===Possessive Endings=== | ||
Possession is shown by the endings -a, -e, -ja, -je, (singular) or -nak, -nek (plural). These endings are attached to what is possessed. For example: | Possession is shown by the endings -a, -e, -ja, -je, (singular) or -nak, -nek (plural). These endings are attached to what is possessed. For example: | ||
| Line 35: | Line 31: | ||
ház = house; János háznak = houses of János. | ház = house; János háznak = houses of János. | ||
=== Prepositions and Postpositions === | ===Prepositions and Postpositions=== | ||
In many cases Hungarian word order is the opposite of English word order. For example, the English phrase "according to the book" in Hungarian iskönyve szerint, "the book according to." The preposition is placed after the noun and becomes a postposition. Most Hungarian prepositions and postpositions are included in this word list. In addition, many word endings act as prepositions or postpositions. | In many cases Hungarian word order is the opposite of English word order. For example, the English phrase "according to the book" in Hungarian iskönyve szerint, "the book according to." The preposition is placed after the noun and becomes a postposition. Most Hungarian prepositions and postpositions are included in this word list. In addition, many word endings act as prepositions or postpositions. | ||
=== Common Hungarian Endings === | ===Common Hungarian Endings=== | ||
This table is in alphabetical order by the last letter of the ending. | This table is in alphabetical order by the last letter of the ending. | ||
| Line 174: | Line 168: | ||
| | | | ||
to the city | to the city | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Alphabetical Order === | ===Alphabetical Order=== | ||
The Hungarian alphabet is different from the English alphabet. Some letter combinations are considered as distinct letters. There are also two vowels not found in English: ö and ü. | The Hungarian alphabet is different from the English alphabet. Some letter combinations are considered as distinct letters. There are also two vowels not found in English: ö and ü. | ||
| Line 193: | Line 185: | ||
The letters q, w and x are not used in Hungarian, but may appear in some foreign words. | The letters q, w and x are not used in Hungarian, but may appear in some foreign words. | ||
=== Spelling and Pronunciation === | ===Spelling and Pronunciation=== | ||
Hungarian has several letter combinations that may be unfamiliar to English speakers and some letters are pronounced differently than in English (see the examples below). Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling varies in old records. | Hungarian has several letter combinations that may be unfamiliar to English speakers and some letters are pronounced differently than in English (see the examples below). Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling varies in old records. | ||
| Line 241: | Line 232: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | ===Additional Resources=== | ||
This word list includes only the words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Hungarian-English dictionary. Several are available at the Family History Library in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 494.511321. | |||
This word list includes only the words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Hungarian-English dictionary. Several are available at the Family History | |||
The following dictionary is also available on microfilm for use in Family History Centers: | The following dictionary is also available on microfilm for use in Family History Centers: | ||
| Line 255: | Line 245: | ||
HUNGARY—LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES | HUNGARY—LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES | ||
== | ==General Word List== | ||
This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in separate sections that follow this list. Hungarian words are listed in alphabetical order. | This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in separate sections that follow this list. Hungarian words are listed in alphabetical order. | ||
| Line 3,355: | Line 3,344: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Numbers === | ===Numbers=== | ||
In some genealogical records, numbers are spelled out. This is especially true with dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. Days of the month are written in ordinal form: | In some genealogical records, numbers are spelled out. This is especially true with dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. Days of the month are written in ordinal form: | ||
| Line 3,487: | Line 3,475: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | ===Dates=== | ||
In Hungarian records, dates are sometimes written out: | In Hungarian records, dates are sometimes written out: | ||