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Emigrants were often required to pay a tax for their release from serfdom and feudal obligations. This manumission fee generally amounted to ten percent of the value of the emigrant's property. Werner Hacker indexed these records for many of the provinces of southern Germany. Among others, his publications include: | Emigrants were often required to pay a tax for their release from serfdom and feudal obligations. This manumission fee generally amounted to ten percent of the value of the emigrant's property. Werner Hacker indexed these records for many of the provinces of southern Germany. Among others, his publications include: | ||
* Auswanderungen aus Baden und dem Breisgau (Emigration from Baden and the Breisgau), 1980 ( | * Auswanderungen aus Baden und dem Breisgau (Emigration from Baden and the Breisgau), 1980 (FS Library 943.46 W29h) | ||
* Auswanderungen aus Rheinpfalz und Saarland im 18. Jahrhundert (Emigration from the Rhineland Palatinate and Saarland in the 18th Century), 1987 ( | * Auswanderungen aus Rheinpfalz und Saarland im 18. Jahrhundert (Emigration from the Rhineland Palatinate and Saarland in the 18th Century), 1987 (FS Library 943 W29h) | ||
* Kurpfälzische Auswanderer vom Unteren Neckar (Electoral Palatinate Emigrants from the lower Neckar), 1983 ( | * Kurpfälzische Auswanderer vom Unteren Neckar (Electoral Palatinate Emigrants from the lower Neckar), 1983 (FS Library 943.43 W2hw) | ||
* A name index to the above three volumes as well as other volumes by Werner Hacker was published by Closson Press and includes 65,000 names, Eighteenth Century Register of Emigrants from Southwest Germany to America and Other Countries, 1994 ( | * A name index to the above three volumes as well as other volumes by Werner Hacker was published by Closson Press and includes 65,000 names, Eighteenth Century Register of Emigrants from Southwest Germany to America and Other Countries, 1994 (FS Library INT'L 943.43 W2eh) | ||
A complete list of Werner Hacker's publications available in the Family History Library in Salt Lake City is found in the [https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/results#count=20&query=%2Bauthor_id%3A19990 FamilySearch Catalog] | A complete list of Werner Hacker's publications available in the Family History Library in Salt Lake City is found in the [https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/results#count=20&query=%2Bauthor_id%3A19990 FamilySearch Catalog] | ||
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If you are researching New England colonial Germans, you should definitely check out this book: | If you are researching New England colonial Germans, you should definitely check out this book: | ||
Horlacher, Gary T. and Wilford W. Whitaker, ''Broad Bay Pioneers: 18th Century German-Speaking Settlers of Present-Day Waldoboro, Maine''. Rockport, Maine : Picton Press,1998, ISBN 0897252101. ( | Horlacher, Gary T. and Wilford W. Whitaker, ''Broad Bay Pioneers: 18th Century German-Speaking Settlers of Present-Day Waldoboro, Maine''. Rockport, Maine : Picton Press,1998, ISBN 0897252101. (FS Library US/Can 974.157/W1 F2w) | ||
==== Germans in Nova Scotia ==== | ==== Germans in Nova Scotia ==== | ||
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The {{FSC|387875|title-id|disp=Swiss Surname Book}} which lists all of the villages where a particular surname has citizenship rights back to 1800 is a key source for unusual surnames. The {{FSC|45832|title-id|disp=added}} [Swiss Biographical Encyclopedia] often also has leads about places where different surnames were established in Switzerland. The following additional sources are especially useful for Swiss 18th century emigration research: | The {{FSC|387875|title-id|disp=Swiss Surname Book}} which lists all of the villages where a particular surname has citizenship rights back to 1800 is a key source for unusual surnames. The {{FSC|45832|title-id|disp=added}} [Swiss Biographical Encyclopedia] often also has leads about places where different surnames were established in Switzerland. The following additional sources are especially useful for Swiss 18th century emigration research: | ||
*Faust, Albert B and Brumbaugh, Gaius M., Lists of Swiss Emigrants in the Eighteenth Century to the American Colonies, 1925, Vol. 1: Zürich Canton 1734-1744, Vol. 2: Bern Canton 1706-1795 and Basel Canton 1734-1794 [ | *Faust, Albert B and Brumbaugh, Gaius M., Lists of Swiss Emigrants in the Eighteenth Century to the American Colonies, 1925, Vol. 1: Zürich Canton 1734-1744, Vol. 2: Bern Canton 1706-1795 and Basel Canton 1734-1794 [FS Library 973 W2fa] | ||
*Schrader-Murgenthaler, Cornelia, Swiss Emigration Book,1993 [ | *Schrader-Murgenthaler, Cornelia, Swiss Emigration Book,1993 [FS Library 973 W2smc] | ||
*Steinemann, Ernst, A List of Eighteenth Century Emigrants from the Canton of Schaffhausen (1734-1752), [ | *Steinemann, Ernst, A List of Eighteenth Century Emigrants from the Canton of Schaffhausen (1734-1752), [FS Library 974.8 C4fg Vol. 16]. <br> | ||
==== Other helpful resources ==== | ==== Other helpful resources ==== | ||
Additional sources may be found in unusual places. For example, in 1751 a shipload of emigrants to Boston were shown a wonderful time and then were persuaded to sign a petition concerning the good conditions in New England, which was then sent back to Germany to persuade others to join. Next to their names were the towns from which they originated. This petition was published in the German periodical, Hessische Familienkunde (Hessian Family Research), October 1961, Vol. 5, No. 8, pp. 435-438. ( | Additional sources may be found in unusual places. For example, in 1751 a shipload of emigrants to Boston were shown a wonderful time and then were persuaded to sign a petition concerning the good conditions in New England, which was then sent back to Germany to persuade others to join. Next to their names were the towns from which they originated. This petition was published in the German periodical, Hessische Familienkunde (Hessian Family Research), October 1961, Vol. 5, No. 8, pp. 435-438. (FS Library 943.41 B2hf Vol.5.) Many such lists have been compiled into a few key indexes. Examples include: | ||
*Ehmann, Karl. Die Auswanderung in die Neuengland-Staaten aus Orten in Enzkreises im 18. Jahrhundert [Emigration to the New England States from Places in the Enz District in the 18th Century], 1977 ( | *Ehmann, Karl. Die Auswanderung in die Neuengland-Staaten aus Orten in Enzkreises im 18. Jahrhundert [Emigration to the New England States from Places in the Enz District in the 18th Century], 1977 (FS Library 943 W2e) | ||
*Hinke, William J., ''A List of German Immigrants to the American Colonies from Zweibrücken in the Palatinate, 1728-1749 ''( | *Hinke, William J., ''A List of German Immigrants to the American Colonies from Zweibrücken in the Palatinate, 1728-1749 ''(FS Library 974.8 C4fg) | ||
*Yoder, Donald H., Emigrants from Württemberg, the Adolf Gerber Lists. ( | *Yoder, Donald H., Emigrants from Württemberg, the Adolf Gerber Lists. (FS Library 974.8 C4fg v.10) | ||
*[http://www.germanroots.com/penngermans.html Pennsylvania German Pioneers Research Guide 1727-1808] explains ''Pennsylvania German Pioneers: A Publication of the Original Lists of Arrivals in the Port of Philadelphia from 1727-1808''. Compiled by Ralph Beaver Strassburger. Edited by William John Hinke. (3 Vols.) '''Online at:''' Ancestry ($) - [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48379 Vol. 1] , [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48380 Vol. 2]; Internet Archive - [https://archive.org/details/pennsylvaniagerm42stra/page/n15/mode/2up Vol. I], [https://archive.org/details/pennsylvaniagerm43stra/page/n13/mode/2up Vol. II], [https://archive.org/details/pennsylvaniagerm44stra/page/n11/mode/2up Vol. III]. | *[http://www.germanroots.com/penngermans.html Pennsylvania German Pioneers Research Guide 1727-1808] explains ''Pennsylvania German Pioneers: A Publication of the Original Lists of Arrivals in the Port of Philadelphia from 1727-1808''. Compiled by Ralph Beaver Strassburger. Edited by William John Hinke. (3 Vols.) '''Online at:''' Ancestry ($) - [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48379 Vol. 1] , [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48380 Vol. 2]; Internet Archive - [https://archive.org/details/pennsylvaniagerm42stra/page/n15/mode/2up Vol. I], [https://archive.org/details/pennsylvaniagerm43stra/page/n13/mode/2up Vol. II], [https://archive.org/details/pennsylvaniagerm44stra/page/n11/mode/2up Vol. III]. | ||
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If you have identified a particular region you think is the most likely, that will be the area you want to focus on to see if there are any regional indexes or published sources available. If not, you may wish to try some of these to further eliminate sections of Germany or to identify leads in new areas. <br>For example, in Germany, when a new ruler took over, often every man person over 18 or so was required to swear allegiance to the new ruler. These records are called Oaths of Allegiance. By searching the 1709 published oaths of allegiance for the Margravate of Baden-Durlach (Einwohnerbuch der Margrafschaft Baden-Durlach im Jahre 1709, by Hermann Jacob, 1935, FS Library film 1183617) you can identify all of the towns in this region where your surname appears or eliminate this area of the surname does not appear there at all. Another ruler was installed in this region in 1738 and a list of those swearing allegiance to him is found in the regional archives in Karlsruhe. Other such lists for some areas that had high numbers of emigrants include the following: | If you have identified a particular region you think is the most likely, that will be the area you want to focus on to see if there are any regional indexes or published sources available. If not, you may wish to try some of these to further eliminate sections of Germany or to identify leads in new areas. <br>For example, in Germany, when a new ruler took over, often every man person over 18 or so was required to swear allegiance to the new ruler. These records are called Oaths of Allegiance. By searching the 1709 published oaths of allegiance for the Margravate of Baden-Durlach (Einwohnerbuch der Margrafschaft Baden-Durlach im Jahre 1709, by Hermann Jacob, 1935, FS Library film 1183617) you can identify all of the towns in this region where your surname appears or eliminate this area of the surname does not appear there at all. Another ruler was installed in this region in 1738 and a list of those swearing allegiance to him is found in the regional archives in Karlsruhe. Other such lists for some areas that had high numbers of emigrants include the following: | ||
Untertanenverzeichnisse des Kurpfälzischen Oberamtes Alzey (Register of Citizens of the Electorial Palatinate District of Alzey). 1494, 1576, 1698 by Rolf Kilian, Franz Neumer, and Oskar Poller, 1995 ( | Untertanenverzeichnisse des Kurpfälzischen Oberamtes Alzey (Register of Citizens of the Electorial Palatinate District of Alzey). 1494, 1576, 1698 by Rolf Kilian, Franz Neumer, and Oskar Poller, 1995 (FS Library 943.43 B4sb v.1) <br> Pfälzische Untertanen-, Huldigungs- und Musterungslisten aus den Jahren 1587 - 1609 - 1612 - 1624 - 1731 - 1776 (Palatine Citizens, Oaths of Allegiance, and Muster Rolls for the Years 1587, 1609, 1612, 1624, 1731, and 1776) by Güünther F. Anthes, 1981 (FS Library 943.43 B4sb no. 9). <br> Untertanenlisten des Herzogtums Pfalz-Zweibrüücken aus den Huldigungsprotokollen des Jahres 1776 (List of Citizens of the Palatinate-Zweibrüücken Duchy from the Oath of Allegiance Record of the Year 1776) by Karl Schaaff, 1977 (FS Library 943.43 B4sb No.6). <br> Die Untertanen in den Ämtern Kreuznach, Kirchberg, Naumburg und Koppenstein der Vorderen Grafschaft Sponheim 1652-1707 (The Citizens in the Counties Kreuznach, Kirchberg, Naumburg, and Koppenstein in the Former County of Sponheim 1652-1707). <br> | ||
Other authors who researched early German immigrants to the Unites States include: | Other authors who researched early German immigrants to the Unites States include: | ||
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