m (Text replacement - "(\|disp=FHL)([\s_])[\s_]*" to "|disp=FS$2Library$2") |
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The Family History Library and the National Archives also have incomplete passenger lists for the following ports. | The Family History Library and the National Archives also have incomplete passenger lists for the following ports. | ||
*Alexandria, 1820-1865 {{ | *Alexandria, 1820-1865 {{FSC|66154|item|disp=FamilySearch Catalog}} | ||
*East River, 1830 {{ | *East River, 1830 {{FSC|66154|item|disp=FamilySearch Catalog}} | ||
*Hampton, 1820-1821 {{ | *Hampton, 1820-1821 {{FSC|66154|item|disp=FamilySearch Catalog}} | ||
*Norfolk and Portsmouth, 1820-1857 {{ | *Norfolk and Portsmouth, 1820-1857 {{FSC|66154|item|disp=FamilySearch Catalog}} | ||
*Petersburg, 1820-1821 {{ | *Petersburg, 1820-1821 {{FSC|66154|item|disp=FamilySearch Catalog}} | ||
*Richmond, 1820-1844 {{ | *Richmond, 1820-1844 {{FSC|66154|item|disp=FamilySearch Catalog}} | ||
====USCIS Genealogy Program==== | ====USCIS Genealogy Program==== | ||
The [https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy '''U.S. Citizenship and and Immigration Services Genealogy Program'''] is a fee-for-service program that provides researchers with timely access to historical immigration and naturalization records of deceased immigrants. If the immigrant was born less than 100 years ago, you will also need to provide proof of his/her death. | The [https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy '''U.S. Citizenship and and Immigration Services Genealogy Program'''] is a fee-for-service program that provides researchers with timely access to historical immigration and naturalization records of deceased immigrants. If the immigrant was born less than 100 years ago, you will also need to provide proof of his/her death. | ||
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== Background == | == Background == | ||
*The original European settlers came in the early 17th century from the midland and southern counties of [[England Genealogy|England]].<ref>David Hackett Fischer, ''Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America'' (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989). {{ | *The original European settlers came in the early 17th century from the midland and southern counties of [[England Genealogy|England]].<ref>David Hackett Fischer, ''Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America'' (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989). {{FSC|593285|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 H2fis}}.</ref> They first settled in [[Virginia, United States Genealogy|Virginia]]'s tidewater (coastal plain). | ||
*Many colonists had connections to [[Barbados Genealogy|Barbados]].<ref>David L. Kent, ''Barbados and America'' (Arlington, Va.: C.M. Kent, 1980). {{ | *Many colonists had connections to [[Barbados Genealogy|Barbados]].<ref>David L. Kent, ''Barbados and America'' (Arlington, Va.: C.M. Kent, 1980). {{FSC|316574|item|disp=FS Library Book 972.981 X2b}}.</ref> The earliest Africans to Barbados came in 1619. Starting in 1680, large numbers of Africans were captured and brought as slaves to Barbados. | ||
*It has been estimated that 75% of white colonists arrived in bondage as indentured servants or transported convicts.<ref>Wesley Frank Craven, ''White, Red, and Black: The Seventeenth-Century Virginian'' (Charlottesville, Va.: University Press of Virginia, 1971).</ref> | *It has been estimated that 75% of white colonists arrived in bondage as indentured servants or transported convicts.<ref>Wesley Frank Craven, ''White, Red, and Black: The Seventeenth-Century Virginian'' (Charlottesville, Va.: University Press of Virginia, 1971).</ref> | ||
*Small landholders moved westward to the Piedmont, where they were joined by a new wave of English and [[Scotland|Scottish]] immigrants. | *Small landholders moved westward to the Piedmont, where they were joined by a new wave of English and [[Scotland|Scottish]] immigrants. | ||
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Many settlers from [[Maryland Genealogy|Maryland]] and [[Pennsylvania Genealogy|Pennsylvania]] migrated down into Virginia during the colonial period. The [[Great Valley Road|Great Valley Road]], which passed through the Shenandoah Valley was a popular route. | Many settlers from [[Maryland Genealogy|Maryland]] and [[Pennsylvania Genealogy|Pennsylvania]] migrated down into Virginia during the colonial period. The [[Great Valley Road|Great Valley Road]], which passed through the Shenandoah Valley was a popular route. | ||
Many Virginians moved to [[Georgia Genealogy (state)|Georgia]] immediately after the American Revolution.<ref>John Frederick Dorman, "Review of ''Research in Georgia,"'' in ''The Virginia Genealogist,'' Vol. 25, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1981):147. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). {{ | Many Virginians moved to [[Georgia Genealogy (state)|Georgia]] immediately after the American Revolution.<ref>John Frederick Dorman, "Review of ''Research in Georgia,"'' in ''The Virginia Genealogist,'' Vol. 25, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1981):147. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). {{FSC|33159|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.5 B2vg v. 25 (1981)}}</ref> | ||
===Virginia Migration Routes=== | ===Virginia Migration Routes=== | ||
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The major port in Virginia from the late eighteenth century forward was [[Norfolk County, Virginia#Immigration|Norfolk]], but many settlers arrived at [[Baltimore, Maryland Genealogy#Immigration|Baltimore]], [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania#Immigration|Philadelphia]], or other ports and then migrated to Virginia. In the eighteenth century, ships selling indentured servants and transported convicts often docked at ports along the Rappahannock and Potomac rivers. | The major port in Virginia from the late eighteenth century forward was [[Norfolk County, Virginia#Immigration|Norfolk]], but many settlers arrived at [[Baltimore, Maryland Genealogy#Immigration|Baltimore]], [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania#Immigration|Philadelphia]], or other ports and then migrated to Virginia. In the eighteenth century, ships selling indentured servants and transported convicts often docked at ports along the Rappahannock and Potomac rivers. | ||
It is often quite a challenge to determine whether or not a Colonial Virginian was an immigrant. Headright grants identify a certain percentage (particularly before 1720; at least three-fourths of the names of new settlers in the 1600s are found in these land contracts<ref>Thomas, Robert E. ''The Thomas Family in 300 Years of American History''. Salt Lake City, UT: Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1982. Print.</ref>), but require special attention to correctly interpret.<ref>Edmund S. Morgan, "Headrights and Head Counts: A Review Article," ''The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 80, No. 3 (Jul. 1972):361-371. Digital version at [http://www.jstor.org/stable/4247736 JSTOR] ($); Richard Slatten, "Interpreting Headrights in Colonial-Virginia Patents: Uses and Abuses," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly,'' Vol. 75 (1987):169-179. Digital version at [http://www.ngsgenealogy.org/ National Genealogical Society website] ($); {{ | It is often quite a challenge to determine whether or not a Colonial Virginian was an immigrant. Headright grants identify a certain percentage (particularly before 1720; at least three-fourths of the names of new settlers in the 1600s are found in these land contracts<ref>Thomas, Robert E. ''The Thomas Family in 300 Years of American History''. Salt Lake City, UT: Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1982. Print.</ref>), but require special attention to correctly interpret.<ref>Edmund S. Morgan, "Headrights and Head Counts: A Review Article," ''The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 80, No. 3 (Jul. 1972):361-371. Digital version at [http://www.jstor.org/stable/4247736 JSTOR] ($); Richard Slatten, "Interpreting Headrights in Colonial-Virginia Patents: Uses and Abuses," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly,'' Vol. 75 (1987):169-179. Digital version at [http://www.ngsgenealogy.org/ National Genealogical Society website] ($); {{FSC|39597|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 B2ng v. 75 (1987)}}; James W. Petty, "Seventeenth Century Virginia County Court Headright Certificates," ''The Virginia Genealogist,'' Vol. 45, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 2001):3-22; Vol. 45, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 2001):112-122. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). {{FSC|33159|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.5 B2vg}}; Noel Currer-Briggs, "Headrights and Pitfalls," ''The Virginia Genealogist,'' Vol. 23 (Jan. 1979):45-46. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($); Charles E. Drake, "Virginia Headrights: Genealogical Content and Usage," ''Virginia Genealogical Society Quarterly,'' Vol. 20, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1982):50-52. Digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=6131 Ancestry] ($); {{FSC|478773|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.5 B2vs}}.</ref> Colonial sources describing individuals as indentured or convict servants further develop a list. Military records kept about soldiers in the French and Indian War and Revolutionary War (particularly pensions) identify additional immigrants. | ||
McCartney completed a 20-year scholarly study of all persons known to have resided in Colonial Virginia between 1607 and 1634. She published the results in 2007 to celebrate Virginia's 400th anniversary: | McCartney completed a 20-year scholarly study of all persons known to have resided in Colonial Virginia between 1607 and 1634. She published the results in 2007 to celebrate Virginia's 400th anniversary: | ||
*McCartney, Martha W. ''Virginia Immigrants and Adventurers 1607-1635: A Biographical Dictionary.'' Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2007. {{ | *McCartney, Martha W. ''Virginia Immigrants and Adventurers 1607-1635: A Biographical Dictionary.'' Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2007. {{FSC|1384461|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.5 D36m}}. | ||
The families of early settlers who left descendants are charted in: | The families of early settlers who left descendants are charted in: | ||
*Dorman, John Frederick. ''Adventurers of Purse and Person, Virginia, 1607-1624/5.'' 3 vols. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2004-2007. {{ | *Dorman, John Frederick. ''Adventurers of Purse and Person, Virginia, 1607-1624/5.'' 3 vols. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2004-2007. {{FSC|1149556|item|disp=FS Library Books 975.5 H2j v. 1 - v. 3}}. | ||
Other studies establishing the identities of early Virginia immigrants include: | Other studies establishing the identities of early Virginia immigrants include: | ||
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*Standard, W.G. ''Some Emigrants to Virginia: Memoranda in Regard to Several Hundred Emigrants to Virginia During the Colonial Period Whose Parentage is Shown or Former Residence Indicated by Authentic Records''. Richmond, Va.: The Bell Book & Stationery Company, 1911. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48413 Ancestry] ($), [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/185214-some-emigrants-to-virginia-memoranda-in-regard-to-several-hundred-emigrants-to-virginia-during-the-colonial-period-whose-parentage-is-shown-or-former-residence-indicated-by-authentic-records?offset=1 FamilySearch Digital Library], [http://books.google.com/books?id=TCASAAAAYAAJ Google Books], [http://www.archive.org/details/someemigrantstov00stan Internet Archive]. Free online surname index and purchase details for 2005 reprint at [http://www.mountainpress.com/books/va/details/va-0691w.html Mountain Press] website. | *Standard, W.G. ''Some Emigrants to Virginia: Memoranda in Regard to Several Hundred Emigrants to Virginia During the Colonial Period Whose Parentage is Shown or Former Residence Indicated by Authentic Records''. Richmond, Va.: The Bell Book & Stationery Company, 1911. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48413 Ancestry] ($), [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/185214-some-emigrants-to-virginia-memoranda-in-regard-to-several-hundred-emigrants-to-virginia-during-the-colonial-period-whose-parentage-is-shown-or-former-residence-indicated-by-authentic-records?offset=1 FamilySearch Digital Library], [http://books.google.com/books?id=TCASAAAAYAAJ Google Books], [http://www.archive.org/details/someemigrantstov00stan Internet Archive]. Free online surname index and purchase details for 2005 reprint at [http://www.mountainpress.com/books/va/details/va-0691w.html Mountain Press] website. | ||
Headright grants document the importation of settlers into the colony. "Although it was possible to secure land on the headright system throughout the whole of the colonial period in Virginia, after about 1720 few of the land patents were issued on this basis."<ref>John Frederick Dorman, "Review of ''Cavaliers and Pioneers,''" in ''The Virginia Genealogist'', Vol. 24, No. 3 (Jul.-Sep. 1980):221. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). {{ | Headright grants document the importation of settlers into the colony. "Although it was possible to secure land on the headright system throughout the whole of the colonial period in Virginia, after about 1720 few of the land patents were issued on this basis."<ref>John Frederick Dorman, "Review of ''Cavaliers and Pioneers,''" in ''The Virginia Genealogist'', Vol. 24, No. 3 (Jul.-Sep. 1980):221. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). {{FSC|33159|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.5 B2vg v. 24 (1980)}}</ref> They are kept at the [[Library of Virginia]]. They have been abstracted and digitized: | ||
*Nugent, Nell M. et al. ''Cavaliers and Pioneers: Abstracts of Virginia Land Patents and Grants'' (1623-1782). 8 vols. Richmond, Va.: Virginia Genealogical Society, 1934-200. {{ | *Nugent, Nell M. et al. ''Cavaliers and Pioneers: Abstracts of Virginia Land Patents and Grants'' (1623-1782). 8 vols. Richmond, Va.: Virginia Genealogical Society, 1934-200. {{FSC|160644|item|disp=FS Library Books 975.5 R2n v. 1-v. 8}}. Volume 1 (1623-1666) is available on [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48408 Ancestry] ($) and [http://archive.org/details/cavalierspioneer00nuge Internet Archive] - free.<br> | ||
Once the patentee's name is known it is possible to retrieve digital images of the original land office patents on the website of the [[Library of Virginia|Library of Virginia]], see: [http://lva1.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/F/5RRY7GYMGHQCI2LPGPHUFPID9I4VN1AN7QEHE8D54REKQ8RVC9-45281?func=find-m&find_code=WRD&request=&adjacent=N&find_base=CLAS30&btnSubmit=&filter_code_2=WYR&filter_request_2=&filter_code_3=WYR&filter_request_3=&filter_code_4=WFM&filter_request_4=&filter_code_5=WSL&filter_request_5= Virginia Land Office Patents and Grants]. | Once the patentee's name is known it is possible to retrieve digital images of the original land office patents on the website of the [[Library of Virginia|Library of Virginia]], see: [http://lva1.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/F/5RRY7GYMGHQCI2LPGPHUFPID9I4VN1AN7QEHE8D54REKQ8RVC9-45281?func=find-m&find_code=WRD&request=&adjacent=N&find_base=CLAS30&btnSubmit=&filter_code_2=WYR&filter_request_2=&filter_code_3=WYR&filter_request_3=&filter_code_4=WFM&filter_request_4=&filter_code_5=WSL&filter_request_5= Virginia Land Office Patents and Grants]. | ||
{{Main|Virginia Land and Property}} | {{Main|Virginia Land and Property}} | ||
The Virginia Colonial Records Project at the [[Library of Virginia|Library of Virginia]] can help Americans trace their European immigrant origins. Scholars visited United Kingdom and other European archives searching for references to colonial-era Virginians. Their 14,704 records survey reports contain half a million names of persons and ships which are searchable at the Library's web site. They also microfilmed about two-thirds of the records they located. The 963 reels of microfilm are held at the Library of Virginia and are available for interlibrary loan. The Library's [http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/guides/opac/vcrpabout.htm About the Virginia Colonial Records Project] provides more information. See also: *Riley, Edward M. "The Virginia Colonial Records Project," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', Vol. 51, No. 2 (June 1963):81-89. {{ | The Virginia Colonial Records Project at the [[Library of Virginia|Library of Virginia]] can help Americans trace their European immigrant origins. Scholars visited United Kingdom and other European archives searching for references to colonial-era Virginians. Their 14,704 records survey reports contain half a million names of persons and ships which are searchable at the Library's web site. They also microfilmed about two-thirds of the records they located. The 963 reels of microfilm are held at the Library of Virginia and are available for interlibrary loan. The Library's [http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/guides/opac/vcrpabout.htm About the Virginia Colonial Records Project] provides more information. See also: *Riley, Edward M. "The Virginia Colonial Records Project," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', Vol. 51, No. 2 (June 1963):81-89. {{FSC|39597|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 B2ng v. 51}}. | ||
=== Virginians in English archives === | === Virginians in English archives === | ||
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*Waters, Henry F. ''Genealogical Gleanings in England.'' Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1885-1889. Digital versions at Internet Archive: [http://archive.org/details/genealogicalgle02socigoog Vol. 1 (1st Part)] | [http://archive.org/details/genealogicalgle01socigoog Vol. 1 (2nd Part)] | [http://archive.org/details/genealogicalgle00socigoog Vol. 1 (3rd Part)]. 1901 edition; also at Internet Archive: [http://archive.org/details/genealogicalglea01byuwate Vol. 1] | [http://archive.org/details/genealogicalglea02byuwate Vol. 2] - all free. | *Waters, Henry F. ''Genealogical Gleanings in England.'' Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1885-1889. Digital versions at Internet Archive: [http://archive.org/details/genealogicalgle02socigoog Vol. 1 (1st Part)] | [http://archive.org/details/genealogicalgle01socigoog Vol. 1 (2nd Part)] | [http://archive.org/details/genealogicalgle00socigoog Vol. 1 (3rd Part)]. 1901 edition; also at Internet Archive: [http://archive.org/details/genealogicalglea01byuwate Vol. 1] | [http://archive.org/details/genealogicalglea02byuwate Vol. 2] - all free. | ||
*Withington, Lothrop. ''Virginia Gleanings in England: Abstracts of 17th and 18th-Century English Wills and Administrations Relating to Virginia and Virginians. ''{{ | *Withington, Lothrop. ''Virginia Gleanings in England: Abstracts of 17th and 18th-Century English Wills and Administrations Relating to Virginia and Virginians. ''{{FSC|78657|item|disp=FamilySearch Catalog}} | ||
Withington's work, along with his successors Leo Culleton and Reginald M. Glencross, was originally published as a serial article in ''The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography'' between 1902 and 1948. Nearly the entire set (through 1922) is available online for free at JSTOR: | Withington's work, along with his successors Leo Culleton and Reginald M. Glencross, was originally published as a serial article in ''The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography'' between 1902 and 1948. Nearly the entire set (through 1922) is available online for free at JSTOR: | ||
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A standard work on early Virginia immigrants, which includes some passenger lists, is now also widely available on the Internet: | A standard work on early Virginia immigrants, which includes some passenger lists, is now also widely available on the Internet: | ||
*Hotten, John Camden. ''The Original Lists of Persons of Quality: Emigrants; Religious Exiles; Political Rebels; Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years; Apprentices; Children Stolen; Maidens Pressed; and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700, with Their Ages, the Localities Where They Formerly Lived in the Mother Country, the Names of the Ships in which They Embarked, and Other Interesting Particulars; from MSS. Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office, England''. London: the author, 1874. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2065 Ancestry] ($); [http://books.google.com/books?id=B414AAAAMAAJ Google Books] and [http://www.archive.org/details/originallistsofp00hottuoft Internet Archive]; 1983 reprint: {{ | *Hotten, John Camden. ''The Original Lists of Persons of Quality: Emigrants; Religious Exiles; Political Rebels; Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years; Apprentices; Children Stolen; Maidens Pressed; and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700, with Their Ages, the Localities Where They Formerly Lived in the Mother Country, the Names of the Ships in which They Embarked, and Other Interesting Particulars; from MSS. Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office, England''. London: the author, 1874. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2065 Ancestry] ($); [http://books.google.com/books?id=B414AAAAMAAJ Google Books] and [http://www.archive.org/details/originallistsofp00hottuoft Internet Archive]; 1983 reprint: {{FSC|1055287|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 W2hot 1983}}. | ||
Sherwood published additional references not found in Hotten's work: | Sherwood published additional references not found in Hotten's work: | ||
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[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Peter Wilson Coldham]] has published several volumes of English records that identify hundreds of thousands, among other American immigrants, those destined for Virginia. Many English indentured servants completed labor terms in Virginia. Coldham's works are indexed in Filby's ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s'' (digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7486 Ancestry] ($)). | [[Peter Wilson Coldham|Peter Wilson Coldham]] has published several volumes of English records that identify hundreds of thousands, among other American immigrants, those destined for Virginia. Many English indentured servants completed labor terms in Virginia. Coldham's works are indexed in Filby's ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s'' (digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7486 Ancestry] ($)). | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''British Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1788''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 2004. {{ | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''British Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1788''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 2004. {{FSC|1210004|item|disp=FS Library CD-ROM no. 2150}}. Includes numerous Virginia immigrants. May show British hometown, emigration date, ship, destination, and text of the document abstract. | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Bristol Registers of Servants Sent to Foreign Plantations, 1654-1686''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1988. {{ | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Bristol Registers of Servants Sent to Foreign Plantations, 1654-1686''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1988. {{FSC|658375|item|disp=FS Library Book 942.41/B2 W2c}}; digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49090 Ancestry] ($); [http://sites.rootsweb.com/~brbwgw/PubForums.htm Chronicle Barbados] (Barbados entries only); [http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestown]. | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Complete Book of Emigrants: 1607-1776''. n.p.: Brøderbund, 1996. {{ | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Complete Book of Emigrants: 1607-1776''. n.p.: Brøderbund, 1996. {{FSC|773852|item|disp=FS Library CD-ROM no. 9 pt. 350}}; digital version of select portions at [http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestown]. | ||
For English passenger lists, 1773 to 1776, which include emigrants destined for Virginia, see: | For English passenger lists, 1773 to 1776, which include emigrants destined for Virginia, see: | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''Emigrants from England to the American Colonies, 1773-1776''. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing co., 1988. {{ | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''Emigrants from England to the American Colonies, 1773-1776''. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing co., 1988. {{FSC|313545|item|disp=FHL Book 973 W3c}}. | ||
For London children apprenticed to Virginia colonists, see: | For London children apprenticed to Virginia colonists, see: | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. Christ's Hospital. | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. Christ's Hospital. | ||
*Hume, Robert. ''Early child immigrants to Virginia, 1618-1642 : copied from the records of Bridewell Royal Hospital.'' Baltimore, Md.: Magna Carta Book Company, 1986. {{ | *Hume, Robert. ''Early child immigrants to Virginia, 1618-1642 : copied from the records of Bridewell Royal Hospital.'' Baltimore, Md.: Magna Carta Book Company, 1986. {{FSC|477424|item|disp=FS Library US/CAN Book 975.5 W2h}} | ||
{{Main|Virginia Church Records#Clergy|Virginia Church Records}} | {{Main|Virginia Church Records#Clergy|Virginia Church Records}} | ||
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English officials kept records of payments made for the transportation of Anglican ministers to America, see: | English officials kept records of payments made for the transportation of Anglican ministers to America, see: | ||
*Fothergill, Gerald. ''A List of Emigrant Ministers to America, 1690-1811''. London: E. Stock, 1904. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=4760 Ancestry] ($); [http://books.google.com/books?id=lVgEAAAAIAAJ Google Books]; [http://www.archive.org/details/listofemigrantmi00fothuoft Internet Archive], 1965 reprint: {{ | *Fothergill, Gerald. ''A List of Emigrant Ministers to America, 1690-1811''. London: E. Stock, 1904. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=4760 Ancestry] ($); [http://books.google.com/books?id=lVgEAAAAIAAJ Google Books]; [http://www.archive.org/details/listofemigrantmi00fothuoft Internet Archive], 1965 reprint: {{FSC|283621|item|disp=973 W2f 1965}} | ||
Runaway advertisements for colonial indentured servants often yield immigration data. [http://www2.vcdh.virginia.edu/gos/ The Geography of Slavery in Virginia: Virginia Runaways, Slave Advertisements, Runaway Advertisements] indexes these records (for both white indentured servants and black slaves). These records can also be found in the digitized [http://research.history.org/DigitalLibrary/BrowseVG.cfm ''Virginia Gazette 1736-1780''], available online through the Colonial Williamsburg website. | Runaway advertisements for colonial indentured servants often yield immigration data. [http://www2.vcdh.virginia.edu/gos/ The Geography of Slavery in Virginia: Virginia Runaways, Slave Advertisements, Runaway Advertisements] indexes these records (for both white indentured servants and black slaves). These records can also be found in the digitized [http://research.history.org/DigitalLibrary/BrowseVG.cfm ''Virginia Gazette 1736-1780''], available online through the Colonial Williamsburg website. | ||
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The English port of Whitehaven, in northwest England, had extensive trade dealings with Virginia and Maryland during the colonial period. For an excellent study of this trade and the families involved, see:<br> | The English port of Whitehaven, in northwest England, had extensive trade dealings with Virginia and Maryland during the colonial period. For an excellent study of this trade and the families involved, see:<br> | ||
*Lawrence-Dow, Elizabeth and Daniel Hay. ''Whitehaven to Washington''. Copeland, England, 1974. {{ | *Lawrence-Dow, Elizabeth and Daniel Hay. ''Whitehaven to Washington''. Copeland, England, 1974. {{FSC|258446|item|disp=FS Library Book 975 H2d}}.<br> | ||
==== African Immigrants ==== | ==== African Immigrants ==== | ||
| Line 392: | Line 392: | ||
Scots-Irish settlement was particularly concentrated in the Shenandoah Valley during the eighteenth-century in places such as [[Augusta County, Virginia]]. | Scots-Irish settlement was particularly concentrated in the Shenandoah Valley during the eighteenth-century in places such as [[Augusta County, Virginia]]. | ||
David Dobson has dedicated many years to establishing links between Scots and their dispersed Scottish cousins who settled throughout the world. For Virginia connections, see publications by {{ | David Dobson has dedicated many years to establishing links between Scots and their dispersed Scottish cousins who settled throughout the world. For Virginia connections, see publications by {{FSC|66144|author-id|disp=David Dobson}}.<br> | ||
A helpful book about Scottish Highlanders in America is: | A helpful book about Scottish Highlanders in America is: | ||
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A group of Germans created a settlement called Germanna in early eighteenth-century Virginia. Several books have been published about the history and genealogy of these families, such as:<br> | A group of Germans created a settlement called Germanna in early eighteenth-century Virginia. Several books have been published about the history and genealogy of these families, such as:<br> | ||
*Memorial Foundation of Germanna Colonies in Virginia. ''Germanna Heritage Book''. Culpeper, Va.: by the society, 2000. {{ | *Memorial Foundation of Germanna Colonies in Virginia. ''Germanna Heritage Book''. Culpeper, Va.: by the society, 2000. {{FSC|1007396|item|disp=FS Library US/CAN Large Q Book 975.5 D2gd no. 15}}.<br> | ||
Herrmann Schuricht wrote a chapter titled "The first Germans in Virginia" in:<br> | Herrmann Schuricht wrote a chapter titled "The first Germans in Virginia" in:<br> | ||
*Lohr, Otto et al. ''The First Germans in America: With a Biographical Directory of New York Germans''. Bowie, Md.: Heritage Books, 1992. {{ | *Lohr, Otto et al. ''The First Germans in America: With a Biographical Directory of New York Germans''. Bowie, Md.: Heritage Books, 1992. {{FSC|524630|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 W2Lo}}. | ||
Additional histories: | Additional histories: | ||
*Schuright, Herrmann. ''History of the German Element in Virginia''. 2 vols. Baltimore, Md.: T. Kroh, 1898, 1900. Digital versions at Google Books: [http://books.google.com/books?id=C1vNAAAAMAAJ Vol. 1]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=PVzNAAAAMAAJ Vol. 2]; 1977 reprint: {{ | *Schuright, Herrmann. ''History of the German Element in Virginia''. 2 vols. Baltimore, Md.: T. Kroh, 1898, 1900. Digital versions at Google Books: [http://books.google.com/books?id=C1vNAAAAMAAJ Vol. 1]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=PVzNAAAAMAAJ Vol. 2]; 1977 reprint: {{FSC|491164|item|disp=FHL Book 975.5 F2gs v. 1-2}}. | ||
*Wust, Klaus. ''The Virginia Germans.'' Charlottesville, Va.: The University Press of Virginia, 1969. | *Wust, Klaus. ''The Virginia Germans.'' Charlottesville, Va.: The University Press of Virginia, 1969. | ||
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Though they do not include names of passengers, records kept by the Board of Trade and stored at [[England The National Archives|The National Archives]] (Kew, England), document ships' arrivals and departures from Virginia ports between 1698 and 1774. FamilySearch microfilmed these records. They are useful for learning about the history of ships entering the colony: | Though they do not include names of passengers, records kept by the Board of Trade and stored at [[England The National Archives|The National Archives]] (Kew, England), document ships' arrivals and departures from Virginia ports between 1698 and 1774. FamilySearch microfilmed these records. They are useful for learning about the history of ships entering the colony: | ||
*Naval Office Shippings Lists for Virginia, 1698-1774 in the Public Record Office, London. {{ | *Naval Office Shippings Lists for Virginia, 1698-1774 in the Public Record Office, London. {{FSC|301374|item|disp=FHL Films 972825-972828}}. | ||
For maritime court proceedings, see: | For maritime court proceedings, see: | ||
*Reese, George, ed. ''Proceedings of the Court of Vice-Admiralty of Virginia, 1698-1775.'' Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1983. {{ | *Reese, George, ed. ''Proceedings of the Court of Vice-Admiralty of Virginia, 1698-1775.'' Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1983. {{FSC|478569|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.5 P2p}}. | ||
Ports and eastern seaboard towns were divided into customs districts. In 1770, there were six: | Ports and eastern seaboard towns were divided into customs districts. In 1770, there were six: | ||
Accomack District {{·}} James River Lower District {{·}} James River Upper District {{·}} South Potomac District {{·}} Rappahannock District {{·}} York River District<ref>Lester J. Cappon, Barbara Bartz Petchenik, and John H. Long, ''Atlas of Early American History: The Revolutionary Era, 1760-1790'' (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1976), Plate 40. {{ | Accomack District {{·}} James River Lower District {{·}} James River Upper District {{·}} South Potomac District {{·}} Rappahannock District {{·}} York River District<ref>Lester J. Cappon, Barbara Bartz Petchenik, and John H. Long, ''Atlas of Early American History: The Revolutionary Era, 1760-1790'' (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1976), Plate 40. {{FSC|90443|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 E7ae}}.</ref> | ||
Ships mentioned in the ''Virginia Gazette'' between 1736 and 1780 have been identified in the free online index produced by [http://research.history.org/DigitalLibrary/VirginiaGazette/VGPPIndex.cfm?firstltr=S Colonial Williamsburg]. The index links to scanned newspaper images. | Ships mentioned in the ''Virginia Gazette'' between 1736 and 1780 have been identified in the free online index produced by [http://research.history.org/DigitalLibrary/VirginiaGazette/VGPPIndex.cfm?firstltr=S Colonial Williamsburg]. The index links to scanned newspaper images. | ||
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Information about ships can also be gleaned from colonial county court order books and [[Virginia Public Records#Calendar_of_State_Papers_Colonial.2C_America_and_West_Indies|English State Papers Colonial, American and West Indies]]. | Information about ships can also be gleaned from colonial county court order books and [[Virginia Public Records#Calendar_of_State_Papers_Colonial.2C_America_and_West_Indies|English State Papers Colonial, American and West Indies]]. | ||
If you believe your ancestor served on the '''crew '''of an English vessel that docked in Virginia, Rediker's book ''Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: Merchant Seamen, Pirates, and the Anglo-American Maritime World, 1700-1750'' ({{ | If you believe your ancestor served on the '''crew '''of an English vessel that docked in Virginia, Rediker's book ''Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: Merchant Seamen, Pirates, and the Anglo-American Maritime World, 1700-1750'' ({{FSC|630553|item|disp=FS Library Book 942 U3re}})<ref>Marcus Rediker, ''Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: Merchant Seamen, Pirates, and the Anglo-American Maritime World, 1700-1750'' (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987). {{FSC|630553|item|disp=FS Library Book 942 U3re}}.</ref> provides an excellent description of what your ancestor's life at sea would have been like. Records about these people are stored in England at facilities such as the [[England The National Archives|British National Archives]]. Their website offers research guides, such as [https://cdn.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/records/ifa-merchant-navy-seamen-1835-1857-and-officers-1835-1913.pdf Merchant seamen serving up to 1857: further research]. | ||
If you believe your ancestor's ship was '''shipwrecked''', Shomette compiled a "Chronological Index to Documented Vessel Losses in the Chesapeake Tidewater (1608-1978)" as an appendix to ''Shipwrecks on the Chesapeake'' ({{ | If you believe your ancestor's ship was '''shipwrecked''', Shomette compiled a "Chronological Index to Documented Vessel Losses in the Chesapeake Tidewater (1608-1978)" as an appendix to ''Shipwrecks on the Chesapeake'' ({{FSC|487703|item|disp=FS Library Book 975 U3s}}) that can lead you to further information.<ref>Donald G. Shomette, ''Shipwrecks on the Chesapeake: Maritime Disasters on Chesapeake Bay and Its Tributaries, 1608-1978'' (Centreville, Md.: Tidewater Publishers, 1982), 242-287. {{FSC|487703|item|disp=FS Library Book 975 U3s}}.</ref> Shomette also wrote a book titled ''Pirates on the Chesapeake: Being a True History of Pirates, Picaroons, and Raiders on Chesapeake Bay, 1610-1807'' (1988) for those who believe they may have '''pirates''' in their family tree. | ||
==== English Voyages ==== | ==== English Voyages ==== | ||
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[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Peter Wilson Coldham]] compiled a list of convict ships travelling between English and Virginia ports during the eighteenth century. See appendix to: | [[Peter Wilson Coldham|Peter Wilson Coldham]] compiled a list of convict ships travelling between English and Virginia ports during the eighteenth century. See appendix to: | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''British Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1788.'' CD-ROM. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2004. {{ | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''British Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1788.'' CD-ROM. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2004. {{FSC|1210004|item|disp=FS Library CD-ROM CD-ROM no. 2150}}. | ||
Many English ships that voyaged to Colonial Virginia are also mentioned in: | Many English ships that voyaged to Colonial Virginia are also mentioned in: | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''English Adventurers and Emigrants: Abstracts of Examinations in the High Court of Admiralty with Reference to Colonial America''. 3 vols. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1984-. {{ | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''English Adventurers and Emigrants: Abstracts of Examinations in the High Court of Admiralty with Reference to Colonial America''. 3 vols. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1984-. {{FSC|5169|item|disp=FHL Book 942 P2cw v. 1 - v. 3}} | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Bristol Registers of Servants Sent to Foreign Plantations, 1654-1686''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1988. {{ | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Bristol Registers of Servants Sent to Foreign Plantations, 1654-1686''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1988. {{FSC|658375|item|disp=FS Library Book 942.41/B2 W2c}}; digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49090 Ancestry] ($); [http://sites.rootsweb.com/~brbwgw/PubForums.htm Chronicle Barbados] (free; Barbados entries only); [http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestown] (free). | ||
Many ships that sailed from Bristol, England to Virginia are described in: ''Bristol, Africa and the Eighteenth-Century Slave Trade to America 1698-1807'' (4 vols.) {{ | Many ships that sailed from Bristol, England to Virginia are described in: ''Bristol, Africa and the Eighteenth-Century Slave Trade to America 1698-1807'' (4 vols.) {{FSC|504033|item|disp=FS Library British Books 942.41/B2 B4b v. 38-39, 42, 47}}. All four volumes are available for free online at the [http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/History/bristolrecordsociety/publications.htm Bristol Record Society website]. | ||
'''Historic Jamestowne - National Park Service ''' | '''Historic Jamestowne - National Park Service ''' | ||
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Dr. Marianne S. Wokeck created a detailed list of "German Immigrant Voyages, 1683-1775" to Colonial America. Destinations include Virginia (1730s-1750s). She published the list in an Appendix to: | Dr. Marianne S. Wokeck created a detailed list of "German Immigrant Voyages, 1683-1775" to Colonial America. Destinations include Virginia (1730s-1750s). She published the list in an Appendix to: | ||
*Wokeck, Marianne S. ''Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America''. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. {{ | *Wokeck, Marianne S. ''Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America''. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. {{FSC|1023023|item|disp=FHL Book 970 W2w}}. | ||
==== Irish Voyages ==== | ==== Irish Voyages ==== | ||
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Dr. [[David Dobson|David Dobson]] has compiled a detailed list of ships voyaging between Scotland and America. Volume 4 includes information gleaned from the ''Virginia Gazette'': | Dr. [[David Dobson|David Dobson]] has compiled a detailed list of ships voyaging between Scotland and America. Volume 4 includes information gleaned from the ''Virginia Gazette'': | ||
*[[David Dobson|Dobson, David]]. ''Ships from Scotland to America, 1628-1828''. 4 vols. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co. Vol 1: {{WorldCat|38433997|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; Vol 2: {{WorldCat|945991408|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; Vol 3: {{WorldCat|56910368|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; Vol 4: {{WorldCat|703229287|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{ | *[[David Dobson|Dobson, David]]. ''Ships from Scotland to America, 1628-1828''. 4 vols. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co. Vol 1: {{WorldCat|38433997|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; Vol 2: {{WorldCat|945991408|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; Vol 3: {{WorldCat|56910368|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; Vol 4: {{WorldCat|703229287|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FSC|691567|item|disp=FS Library Books 973 W3d v. 1-v. 3}} FHL has Volumes 1 to 4. | ||
=== 1783 to Present === | === 1783 to Present === | ||
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The Family History Library and the National Archives also have incomplete passenger lists for the following ports. | The Family History Library and the National Archives also have incomplete passenger lists for the following ports. | ||
*Alexandria, 1820-1865 {{ | *Alexandria, 1820-1865 {{FSC|66154|item|disp=FamilySearch Catalog}} | ||
*East River, 1830 {{ | *East River, 1830 {{FSC|66154|item|disp=FamilySearch Catalog}} | ||
*Hampton, 1820-1821 {{ | *Hampton, 1820-1821 {{FSC|66154|item|disp=FamilySearch Catalog}} | ||
*Norfolk and Portsmouth, 1820-1857 {{ | *Norfolk and Portsmouth, 1820-1857 {{FSC|66154|item|disp=FamilySearch Catalog}} | ||
*Petersburg, 1820-1821 {{ | *Petersburg, 1820-1821 {{FSC|66154|item|disp=FamilySearch Catalog}} | ||
*Richmond, 1820-1844 {{ | *Richmond, 1820-1844 {{FSC|66154|item|disp=FamilySearch Catalog}} | ||
The above lists are included in ''Copies of Lists of Passengers Arriving at Miscellaneous Ports on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts'' . . . (in the FamilySearch Catalog Locality Search under UNITED STATES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION; {{ | The above lists are included in ''Copies of Lists of Passengers Arriving at Miscellaneous Ports on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts'' . . . (in the FamilySearch Catalog Locality Search under UNITED STATES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION; {{FSC|830231}}-{{FSC|830246}}. These lists are indexed in ''Supplemental Index to Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Atlantic and Gulf Coast Ports'' . . . (in the FamilySearch Catalog Locality Search under UNITED STATES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION - INDEXES; {{FSC|418161}}-{{FSC|418348}} | ||
During the War of 1812, American officials reported finding a total of 333 British aliens, many of whom had families, living in Virginia. Most British immigrants were settling in the capital, and in towns, and ports at that time. The numbers show that immigration from Great Britain to Virginia had decreased considerably from the high levels reached during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries:<ref name="null">Kenneth Scott, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/title/british-aliens-in-the-united-states-during-the-war-of-1812/oclc/5711802 British Aliens in the United States During the War of 1812]'' (Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1979), 320-333. {{ | During the War of 1812, American officials reported finding a total of 333 British aliens, many of whom had families, living in Virginia. Most British immigrants were settling in the capital, and in towns, and ports at that time. The numbers show that immigration from Great Britain to Virginia had decreased considerably from the high levels reached during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries:<ref name="null">Kenneth Scott, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/title/british-aliens-in-the-united-states-during-the-war-of-1812/oclc/5711802 British Aliens in the United States During the War of 1812]'' (Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1979), 320-333. {{FSC|78653|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 W4s}}; digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49091 Ancestry] ($).</ref> | ||
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Many Virginians moved to [[Georgia Genealogy (state)|Georgia]] immediately after the American Revolution.<ref>John Frederick Dorman, "Review of ''Research in Georgia,"'' in ''The Virginia Genealogist,'' Vol. 25, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1981):147. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] ($). {{ | Many Virginians moved to [[Georgia Genealogy (state)|Georgia]] immediately after the American Revolution.<ref>John Frederick Dorman, "Review of ''Research in Georgia,"'' in ''The Virginia Genealogist,'' Vol. 25, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1981):147. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] ($). {{FSC|33159|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.5 B2vg v. 25 (1981)}}</ref> Barlow published records identifying some of them: | ||
*Barlow, Lundie W. "Some Virginia Settlers of Georgia, 1773-1798," ''The Virginia Genealogist'', Vol. 2, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1958):19-27. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). | *Barlow, Lundie W. "Some Virginia Settlers of Georgia, 1773-1798," ''The Virginia Genealogist'', Vol. 2, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1958):19-27. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). | ||
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What was it like to move from Virginia to [[Kentucky, United States Genealogy|Kentucky]] in the early 1800s? Daniel Trabue's journal makes a fascinating read: | What was it like to move from Virginia to [[Kentucky, United States Genealogy|Kentucky]] in the early 1800s? Daniel Trabue's journal makes a fascinating read: | ||
*Young, Chester Raymond. ''Westward into Kentucky, The Narrative of Daniel Trabue''. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, 1981. {{ | *Young, Chester Raymond. ''Westward into Kentucky, The Narrative of Daniel Trabue''. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, 1981. {{FSC|57459|item|disp=FS Library Book 976.9 H2td}}. | ||
What was it like to move from Virginia to [[Alabama, United States Genealogy|Alabama]] in the early 1800s? Owen's journal of his trip is available online at [https://archive.org/details/publicationssou02assogoog/page/n100/mode/2up?view=theater Internet Archive] - free.<ref>"John Owen's Journal of His Removal from Virginia to Alabama in 1818," ''Publications of the Southern History Association,'' Vol. 1, No. 2 (Apr. 1897):89-97. Digitized by [http://archive.org/stream/publicationssou02assogoog#page/n100/mode/2up Internet Archive].</ref> | What was it like to move from Virginia to [[Alabama, United States Genealogy|Alabama]] in the early 1800s? Owen's journal of his trip is available online at [https://archive.org/details/publicationssou02assogoog/page/n100/mode/2up?view=theater Internet Archive] - free.<ref>"John Owen's Journal of His Removal from Virginia to Alabama in 1818," ''Publications of the Southern History Association,'' Vol. 1, No. 2 (Apr. 1897):89-97. Digitized by [http://archive.org/stream/publicationssou02assogoog#page/n100/mode/2up Internet Archive].</ref> | ||
Dorothy Williams Potter in ''Passports of Southeastern Pioneers 1770-1823'' ({{ | Dorothy Williams Potter in ''Passports of Southeastern Pioneers 1770-1823'' ({{FSC|265121|item|disp=FS Library Book 975 W4p}}) identifies some migrants from Virginia into territories that are now [[Alabama, United States Genealogy|Alabama]], [[Florida Genealogy|Florida]], [[Louisiana Genealogy|Louisiana]], [[Mississippi Genealogy|Mississippi]], and [[Missouri, United States Genealogy|Missouri]]. | ||
Robertson compiled a list of Virginians in Kansas in 1860:<br> | Robertson compiled a list of Virginians in Kansas in 1860:<br> | ||
*Robertson, Clara Hamlett. ''Kansas Territorial Settlers of 1860 Who were Born in Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina: A Compilation with Historical Annotations and Editorial Comment''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1976. {{ | *Robertson, Clara Hamlett. ''Kansas Territorial Settlers of 1860 Who were Born in Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina: A Compilation with Historical Annotations and Editorial Comment''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1976. {{FSC|978.1 H2ro}}. '''''Online at:''''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/48580/ Ancestry] ($). | ||
British Mercantile Claims identify migrations made by many Virginians during the period 1775 to 1803. The folks listed owed debts to overseas British merchants at the opening of the Revolutionary War and after the War was over, the merchants came to collect their debts, only to find that many of these people had moved. Dorman published these records in ''The Virginia Genealogist'', beginning with Volume 6. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). {{ | British Mercantile Claims identify migrations made by many Virginians during the period 1775 to 1803. The folks listed owed debts to overseas British merchants at the opening of the Revolutionary War and after the War was over, the merchants came to collect their debts, only to find that many of these people had moved. Dorman published these records in ''The Virginia Genealogist'', beginning with Volume 6. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). {{FSC|33159|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.5 B2vg v. 6 (1962)}}. | ||
Dr. Koontz wrote a helpful article about life on "The Virginia Frontier, 1754-1763," ''Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science'' (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1925). Digital version at [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/81808-the-virginia-frontier-1754-1763?offset=1 FamilySearch Digital Library]. | Dr. Koontz wrote a helpful article about life on "The Virginia Frontier, 1754-1763," ''Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science'' (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1925). Digital version at [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/81808-the-virginia-frontier-1754-1763?offset=1 FamilySearch Digital Library]. | ||
edits