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==== Curia Regis ==== | ==== Curia Regis ==== | ||
The records from 5 Richard I to 56 Henry III, that is 1194-1272, are at TNA in class KB 26. Plaintiffs often submitted their pedigrees to the court in order to establish their right as free subjects to plead. An introduction to the ''curia regis rolls'' 1199-1230 was written by Flower (''Introduction to the Curia Regis Rolls'' ''1199-1230 AD''. Selden Society volume 62. {{FHL|599447|item|disp= | The records from 5 Richard I to 56 Henry III, that is 1194-1272, are at TNA in class KB 26. Plaintiffs often submitted their pedigrees to the court in order to establish their right as free subjects to plead. An introduction to the ''curia regis rolls'' 1199-1230 was written by Flower (''Introduction to the Curia Regis Rolls'' ''1199-1230 AD''. Selden Society volume 62. {{FHL|599447|item|disp=FS Library film 1414824}}, who transcribed and indexed many of them—two examples are shown in the reference section. All sorts and conditions of men, and women, appear in these rolls as they were caught in the meshes of the law. | ||
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| ''The Selden Society has published a translation of select cases in the court of King’s Bench 1290-1300 in their volumes 55, 57 and 58 {{FHL|601163|item|disp= | | ''The Selden Society has published a translation of select cases in the court of King’s Bench 1290-1300 in their volumes 55, 57 and 58 {{FHL|601163|item|disp=FS Library film 1414823}} and volume 88 contains selected cases 1377-1422'' {{FHL|674302|item|disp=FS Library book 942 p3ss v.80}}. | ||
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==== Court of Common Pleas ==== | ==== Court of Common Pleas ==== | ||
The ''court of common pleas;'' also known as the ''court of common bench'', was one of the three courts of common law. It developed from the 12<sup>th</sup> century as a subdivision of the ''curia regis'' (king’s court), remaining in London while the king and his ''curia regis'' travelled around the country. It sat in a certain spot in Westminster Hall and decided controversies concerning civil cases between the king’s subjects, cases involving claims to land, trespass and debt. It was the busiest of the common law courts in the Middle Ages and its earlier records are called the ''de banco'' rolls after the bench of judges. The later records are called ''common rolls'' and all are in TNA in class CP. There does not seem to be much on film, except some translated and published Northumbrian ones 1273-1280 on {{FHL|274206|item|disp= | The ''court of common pleas;'' also known as the ''court of common bench'', was one of the three courts of common law. It developed from the 12<sup>th</sup> century as a subdivision of the ''curia regis'' (king’s court), remaining in London while the king and his ''curia regis'' travelled around the country. It sat in a certain spot in Westminster Hall and decided controversies concerning civil cases between the king’s subjects, cases involving claims to land, trespass and debt. It was the busiest of the common law courts in the Middle Ages and its earlier records are called the ''de banco'' rolls after the bench of judges. The later records are called ''common rolls'' and all are in TNA in class CP. There does not seem to be much on film, except some translated and published Northumbrian ones 1273-1280 on {{FHL|274206|item|disp=FS Library fiche 6073440-1(4)}}. Below you can see how detailed the newspaper reports can be. | ||
===== Online ===== | ===== Online ===== | ||
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The exchequer was a financial institution, its name taken from the chequered cloth (like a chess board) laid on the table to assist in counting money and calculating the amount of tax due to the crown. The ''lower exchequer'' dealt with accounts payable and receivable. The ''upper exchequer'' managed the royal revenue, audited the accounts and dealt with disputes, thus having a judicial role as well as a financial one. The exchequer administered the king’s finances throughout the Middle Ages, but from the 16<sup>th</sup> century the ''treasury'' began to take over this role. By 1883 the exchequer had no financial functions left but did continue its judicial ones until the 1870s.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Chancery Office Records and Revenue Courts (National Institute)," ''The National Institute for Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Chancery_Office_Records_and_Revenue_Courts_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | The exchequer was a financial institution, its name taken from the chequered cloth (like a chess board) laid on the table to assist in counting money and calculating the amount of tax due to the crown. The ''lower exchequer'' dealt with accounts payable and receivable. The ''upper exchequer'' managed the royal revenue, audited the accounts and dealt with disputes, thus having a judicial role as well as a financial one. The exchequer administered the king’s finances throughout the Middle Ages, but from the 16<sup>th</sup> century the ''treasury'' began to take over this role. By 1883 the exchequer had no financial functions left but did continue its judicial ones until the 1870s.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Chancery Office Records and Revenue Courts (National Institute)," ''The National Institute for Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Chancery_Office_Records_and_Revenue_Courts_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | ||
The National Archives houses the records from the Court of the Exchequer for people who lived in England and Wales. The Family History Library has a film copy of an index to 127,628 Exchequer depositions between 1559 and 1695 ({{FHL|651788|title-id|disp= | The National Archives houses the records from the Court of the Exchequer for people who lived in England and Wales. The Family History Library has a film copy of an index to 127,628 Exchequer depositions between 1559 and 1695 ({{FHL|651788|title-id|disp=FS Library film 104399 Items 3-6}}). | ||
Lay subsidies, a medieval and early modern form of taxation, were kept by the Exchequer. The National Archives in England published [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/taxation-before-1689/ "Taxation Records Before 1689"]. It includes a link to an inventory of E179 records, explaining what tax lists are available, by place and year, throughout the realm. Many of these tax lists are available on microfilm at the Family History Library: {{FHL|988765|item|disp=film 2228633 (1st of 117 films)}}. | Lay subsidies, a medieval and early modern form of taxation, were kept by the Exchequer. The National Archives in England published [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/taxation-before-1689/ "Taxation Records Before 1689"]. It includes a link to an inventory of E179 records, explaining what tax lists are available, by place and year, throughout the realm. Many of these tax lists are available on microfilm at the Family History Library: {{FHL|988765|item|disp=film 2228633 (1st of 117 films)}}. | ||
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''The Pipe Roll Society'' is devoted to publishing the pipe rolls and has been active since 1883 with about 100 volumes. | ''The Pipe Roll Society'' is devoted to publishing the pipe rolls and has been active since 1883 with about 100 volumes. | ||
Further information on pipe rolls can be found in Crook (''Pipe Rolls.'' #38 in Short Guides to Records edited by Kathryn M. Thompson. Historical Association, London. GSU {{FHL|424409|item|disp= | Further information on pipe rolls can be found in Crook (''Pipe Rolls.'' #38 in Short Guides to Records edited by Kathryn M. Thompson. Historical Association, London. GSU {{FHL|424409|item|disp=FS Library book 942 A3t v2}}. and on {{FHL|424409|item|disp=FS Library film 0990062}}) and in the TNA research guide D31. | ||
====== Online ====== | ====== Online ====== | ||
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===== Indexes ===== | ===== Indexes ===== | ||
Indexes include Sherwood’s (''Exchequer Depositions... Index to Calendar of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records [1877-1879'']. Holograph. {{FHL|244186|item|disp= | Indexes include Sherwood’s (''Exchequer Depositions... Index to Calendar of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records [1877-1879'']. Holograph. {{FHL|244186|item|disp=FS Library book 942 P2ash}}) manuscript ones to the TNA calendars, for example volumes 1-2 cover 1559-1688. | ||
There are some local indexes, for example those for Surrey by Webb (1994). Newspaper indexes can be helpful in finding law suits, thus I found three reports of one exchequer court action for infringement of a patent in The Times (courtesy of Thomson Gale index) in 1836-1837. They were headed ''Jupp v Pratt, Jupes v Pratt, and Jupe v Pratt'' respectively—a lesson to us all about spelling variants. | There are some local indexes, for example those for Surrey by Webb (1994). Newspaper indexes can be helpful in finding law suits, thus I found three reports of one exchequer court action for infringement of a patent in The Times (courtesy of Thomson Gale index) in 1836-1837. They were headed ''Jupp v Pratt, Jupes v Pratt, and Jupe v Pratt'' respectively—a lesson to us all about spelling variants. | ||
edits