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US Immigration History: Difference between revisions
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==History== | ==History== | ||
Millions of immigrants have entered the United States, most arriving in the 18th and 19th centuries. Prior to 1890, individual states (rather than the federal government) regulated immigration into the United States. These regulation efforts were varied and inconsistent. In 1890, the federal government took official control of immigration and built a large immigration center on Ellis Island.<ref>"Ellis Island History," ''The Statue of Liberty - Ellis Island Foundation'', https://www. | Millions of immigrants have entered the United States, most arriving in the 18th and 19th centuries. Prior to 1890, individual states (rather than the federal government) regulated immigration into the United States. These regulation efforts were varied and inconsistent. In 1890, the federal government took official control of immigration and built a large immigration center on Ellis Island.<ref>"Ellis Island History," ''The Statue of Liberty - Ellis Island Foundation'', https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/</ref> | ||
==Castle Garden== | ==Castle Garden== | ||
Castle Garden in New York City was the '''first official immigrant receiving station''' in the United States and was opened on August 1, 1855. Castle Garden operated as an Emigrant Landing Depot until April 18, 1890, when the United States government assumed control of immigrant processing. In total, the center processed approximately 8 million immigrants (mostly from northern and western Europe). <ref>Arbeiter, Nancy Levin. "The Port of New York Before Ellis Island". ''AVOTAYNU'' XXI (Fall 2005): 27-34.</ref><ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Castle Clinton," ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Clinton, accessed 8 August 2018.</ref><ref>"Ellis Island History," ''The Statue of Liberty - Ellis Island Foundation'', https://www. | Castle Garden in New York City was the '''first official immigrant receiving station''' in the United States and was opened on August 1, 1855. Castle Garden operated as an Emigrant Landing Depot until April 18, 1890, when the United States government assumed control of immigrant processing. In total, the center processed approximately 8 million immigrants (mostly from northern and western Europe). <ref>Arbeiter, Nancy Levin. "The Port of New York Before Ellis Island". ''AVOTAYNU'' XXI (Fall 2005): 27-34.</ref><ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Castle Clinton," ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Clinton, accessed 8 August 2018.</ref><ref>"Ellis Island History," ''The Statue of Liberty - Ellis Island Foundation'', https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/</ref> | ||
*When immigrants disembarked at Castle Garden, they had to '''register with their name, birth place, and destination'''. | *When immigrants disembarked at Castle Garden, they had to '''register with their name, birth place, and destination'''. | ||
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Castle Garden was a very busy and important immigrant receiving station. To illustrate, in 1869, 2884 letters written from immigrants to their friends were forwarded, over $41,000 was sent from these friends in return. Also in 1869, 4393 telegraph messages were forwarded, and 1351 answers were received. Also, 504 steamers and 209 sailing vessels arrived carrying passengers.<ref>Krbechek, Blanche. "About Castle Garden: Notes from an 1871 Article." ''Kashubian Association of North America Newsletter'' (Summer 2008): 4-5.</ref> | Castle Garden was a very busy and important immigrant receiving station. To illustrate, in 1869, 2884 letters written from immigrants to their friends were forwarded, over $41,000 was sent from these friends in return. Also in 1869, 4393 telegraph messages were forwarded, and 1351 answers were received. Also, 504 steamers and 209 sailing vessels arrived carrying passengers.<ref>Krbechek, Blanche. "About Castle Garden: Notes from an 1871 Article." ''Kashubian Association of North America Newsletter'' (Summer 2008): 4-5.</ref> | ||
===Castle Garden Records=== | ===Castle Garden Records=== | ||
<span style="color:DarkViolet">Records from Castle Garden can be found at [https://www. | <span style="color:DarkViolet">Records from Castle Garden can be found at [https://www.statueofliberty.org/discover/passenger-ship-search/ The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation, Inc.]. Records (numbering around 11 million) range from 1820 to 1892.</span> | ||
*[http://www.stevemorse.org/ One Step Webpages by Stephen Morse] Provides a comprehensive list of links to passenger lists for Ellis Island and Castle Garden. | *[http://www.stevemorse.org/ One Step Webpages by Stephen Morse] Provides a comprehensive list of links to passenger lists for Ellis Island and Castle Garden. | ||
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*A fire broke out on June 15, 1897, destroying almost everything (including records). The island was closed until December 17, 1900 while it was being rebuilt. | *A fire broke out on June 15, 1897, destroying almost everything (including records). The island was closed until December 17, 1900 while it was being rebuilt. | ||
==Ellis Island Records== | ==Ellis Island Records== | ||
<span style="color:DarkViolet">Records from Ellis Island can be found at [https:// | <span style="color:DarkViolet">Records from Ellis Island can be found at [https://heritage.statueofliberty.org/ The Statue of Liberty―Ellis Island Foundation, Inc. - Passenger Search]. Records (numbering around 51 million) range from 1820 to 1957.</span. | ||
*[http://www.stevemorse.org/ One Step Webpages by Stephen Morse] Provides a comprehensive list of links to passenger lists for Ellis Island and Castle Garden. | *[http://www.stevemorse.org/ One Step Webpages by Stephen Morse] Provides a comprehensive list of links to passenger lists for Ellis Island and Castle Garden. | ||