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Virginia Emigration and Immigration (view source)
Revision as of 14:53, 28 September 2022
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The major port in Virginia from the late eighteenth century forward was [[Norfolk County, Virginia#Immigration|Norfolk]], but many settlers arrived at [[Baltimore, Maryland Genealogy#Immigration|Baltimore]], [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania#Immigration|Philadelphia]], or other ports and then migrated to Virginia. In the eighteenth century, ships selling indentured servants and transported convicts often docked at ports along the Rappahannock and Potomac rivers. | The major port in Virginia from the late eighteenth century forward was [[Norfolk County, Virginia#Immigration|Norfolk]], but many settlers arrived at [[Baltimore, Maryland Genealogy#Immigration|Baltimore]], [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania#Immigration|Philadelphia]], or other ports and then migrated to Virginia. In the eighteenth century, ships selling indentured servants and transported convicts often docked at ports along the Rappahannock and Potomac rivers. | ||
It is often quite a challenge to determine whether or not a Colonial Virginian was an immigrant. Headright grants identify a certain percentage (particularly before 1720; at least three-fourths of the names of new settlers in the 1600s are found in these land contracts<ref>Thomas, Robert E. ''The Thomas Family in 300 Years of American History''. Salt Lake City, UT: Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1982. Print.</ref>), but require special attention to correctly interpret.<ref>Edmund S. Morgan, "Headrights and Head Counts: A Review Article," ''The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 80, No. 3 (Jul. 1972):361-371. Digital version at [http://www.jstor.org/stable/4247736 JSTOR] ($); Richard Slatten, "Interpreting Headrights in Colonial-Virginia Patents: Uses and Abuses," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly,'' Vol. 75 (1987):169-179. Digital version at [http://www.ngsgenealogy.org/ National Genealogical Society website] ($); {{FHL|39597|item|disp=FHL Book 973 B2ng v. 75 (1987)}}; James W. Petty, "Seventeenth Century Virginia County Court Headright Certificates," ''The Virginia Genealogist,'' Vol. 45, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 2001):3-22; Vol. 45, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 2001):112-122. Digital version at [ | It is often quite a challenge to determine whether or not a Colonial Virginian was an immigrant. Headright grants identify a certain percentage (particularly before 1720; at least three-fourths of the names of new settlers in the 1600s are found in these land contracts<ref>Thomas, Robert E. ''The Thomas Family in 300 Years of American History''. Salt Lake City, UT: Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1982. Print.</ref>), but require special attention to correctly interpret.<ref>Edmund S. Morgan, "Headrights and Head Counts: A Review Article," ''The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 80, No. 3 (Jul. 1972):361-371. Digital version at [http://www.jstor.org/stable/4247736 JSTOR] ($); Richard Slatten, "Interpreting Headrights in Colonial-Virginia Patents: Uses and Abuses," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly,'' Vol. 75 (1987):169-179. Digital version at [http://www.ngsgenealogy.org/ National Genealogical Society website] ($); {{FHL|39597|item|disp=FHL Book 973 B2ng v. 75 (1987)}}; James W. Petty, "Seventeenth Century Virginia County Court Headright Certificates," ''The Virginia Genealogist,'' Vol. 45, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 2001):3-22; Vol. 45, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 2001):112-122. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). {{FHL|33159|item|disp=FHL Book 975.5 B2vg}}; Noel Currer-Briggs, "Headrights and Pitfalls," ''The Virginia Genealogist,'' Vol. 23 (Jan. 1979):45-46. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($); Charles E. Drake, "Virginia Headrights: Genealogical Content and Usage," ''Virginia Genealogical Society Quarterly,'' Vol. 20, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1982):50-52. Digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=6131 Ancestry] ($); {{FHL|478773|item|disp=FHL Book 975.5 B2vs}}.</ref> Colonial sources describing individuals as indentured or convict servants further develop a list. Military records kept about soldiers in the French and Indian War and Revolutionary War (particularly pensions) identify additional immigrants. | ||
McCartney completed a 20-year scholarly study of all persons known to have resided in Colonial Virginia between 1607 and 1634. She published the results in 2007 to celebrate Virginia's 400th anniversary: | McCartney completed a 20-year scholarly study of all persons known to have resided in Colonial Virginia between 1607 and 1634. She published the results in 2007 to celebrate Virginia's 400th anniversary: | ||
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*Standard, W.G. ''Some Emigrants to Virginia: Memoranda in Regard to Several Hundred Emigrants to Virginia During the Colonial Period Whose Parentage is Shown or Former Residence Indicated by Authentic Records''. Richmond, Va.: The Bell Book & Stationery Company, 1911. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48413 Ancestry] ($), [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/185214-some-emigrants-to-virginia-memoranda-in-regard-to-several-hundred-emigrants-to-virginia-during-the-colonial-period-whose-parentage-is-shown-or-former-residence-indicated-by-authentic-records?offset=1 FamilySearch Digital Library], [http://books.google.com/books?id=TCASAAAAYAAJ Google Books], [http://www.archive.org/details/someemigrantstov00stan Internet Archive]. Free online surname index and purchase details for 2005 reprint at [http://www.mountainpress.com/books/va/details/va-0691w.html Mountain Press] website. | *Standard, W.G. ''Some Emigrants to Virginia: Memoranda in Regard to Several Hundred Emigrants to Virginia During the Colonial Period Whose Parentage is Shown or Former Residence Indicated by Authentic Records''. Richmond, Va.: The Bell Book & Stationery Company, 1911. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48413 Ancestry] ($), [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/185214-some-emigrants-to-virginia-memoranda-in-regard-to-several-hundred-emigrants-to-virginia-during-the-colonial-period-whose-parentage-is-shown-or-former-residence-indicated-by-authentic-records?offset=1 FamilySearch Digital Library], [http://books.google.com/books?id=TCASAAAAYAAJ Google Books], [http://www.archive.org/details/someemigrantstov00stan Internet Archive]. Free online surname index and purchase details for 2005 reprint at [http://www.mountainpress.com/books/va/details/va-0691w.html Mountain Press] website. | ||
Headright grants document the importation of settlers into the colony. "Although it was possible to secure land on the headright system throughout the whole of the colonial period in Virginia, after about 1720 few of the land patents were issued on this basis."<ref>John Frederick Dorman, "Review of ''Cavaliers and Pioneers,''" in ''The Virginia Genealogist'', Vol. 24, No. 3 (Jul.-Sep. 1980):221. Digital version at [ | Headright grants document the importation of settlers into the colony. "Although it was possible to secure land on the headright system throughout the whole of the colonial period in Virginia, after about 1720 few of the land patents were issued on this basis."<ref>John Frederick Dorman, "Review of ''Cavaliers and Pioneers,''" in ''The Virginia Genealogist'', Vol. 24, No. 3 (Jul.-Sep. 1980):221. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). {{FHL|33159|item|disp=FHL Book 975.5 B2vg v. 24 (1980)}}</ref> They are kept at the [[Library of Virginia]]. They have been abstracted and digitized: | ||
*Nugent, Nell M. et al. ''Cavaliers and Pioneers: Abstracts of Virginia Land Patents and Grants'' (1623-1782). 8 vols. Richmond, Va.: Virginia Genealogical Society, 1934-200. {{FHL|160644|item|disp=FHL Books 975.5 R2n v. 1-v. 8}}. Volume 1 (1623-1666) is available on [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48408 Ancestry] ($) and [http://archive.org/details/cavalierspioneer00nuge Internet Archive] - free.<br> | *Nugent, Nell M. et al. ''Cavaliers and Pioneers: Abstracts of Virginia Land Patents and Grants'' (1623-1782). 8 vols. Richmond, Va.: Virginia Genealogical Society, 1934-200. {{FHL|160644|item|disp=FHL Books 975.5 R2n v. 1-v. 8}}. Volume 1 (1623-1666) is available on [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48408 Ancestry] ($) and [http://archive.org/details/cavalierspioneer00nuge Internet Archive] - free.<br> | ||
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Many Virginians moved to [[Georgia Genealogy (state)|Georgia]] immediately after the American Revolution.<ref>John Frederick Dorman, "Review of ''Research in Georgia,"'' in ''The Virginia Genealogist,'' Vol. 25, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1981):147. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] ($). {{FHL|33159|item|disp=FHL Book 975.5 B2vg v. 25 (1981)}}</ref> Barlow published records identifying some of them: | Many Virginians moved to [[Georgia Genealogy (state)|Georgia]] immediately after the American Revolution.<ref>John Frederick Dorman, "Review of ''Research in Georgia,"'' in ''The Virginia Genealogist,'' Vol. 25, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1981):147. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] ($). {{FHL|33159|item|disp=FHL Book 975.5 B2vg v. 25 (1981)}}</ref> Barlow published records identifying some of them: | ||
*Barlow, Lundie W. "Some Virginia Settlers of Georgia, 1773-1798," ''The Virginia Genealogist'', Vol. 2, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1958):19-27. Digital version at [ | *Barlow, Lundie W. "Some Virginia Settlers of Georgia, 1773-1798," ''The Virginia Genealogist'', Vol. 2, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1958):19-27. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). | ||
What was it like to move from Virginia to [[Kentucky, United States Genealogy|Kentucky]] in the early 1800s? Daniel Trabue's journal makes a fascinating read: | What was it like to move from Virginia to [[Kentucky, United States Genealogy|Kentucky]] in the early 1800s? Daniel Trabue's journal makes a fascinating read: | ||
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*Robertson, Clara Hamlett. ''Kansas Territorial Settlers of 1860 Who were Born in Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina: A Compilation with Historical Annotations and Editorial Comment''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1976. {{FHL|978.1 H2ro}}. | *Robertson, Clara Hamlett. ''Kansas Territorial Settlers of 1860 Who were Born in Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina: A Compilation with Historical Annotations and Editorial Comment''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1976. {{FHL|978.1 H2ro}}. | ||
British Mercantile Claims identify migrations made by many Virginians during the period 1775 to 1803. The folks listed owed debts to overseas British merchants at the opening of the Revolutionary War and after the War was over, the merchants came to collect their debts, only to find that many of these people had moved. Dorman published these records in ''The Virginia Genealogist'', beginning with Volume 6. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/ | British Mercantile Claims identify migrations made by many Virginians during the period 1775 to 1803. The folks listed owed debts to overseas British merchants at the opening of the Revolutionary War and after the War was over, the merchants came to collect their debts, only to find that many of these people had moved. Dorman published these records in ''The Virginia Genealogist'', beginning with Volume 6. Digital version at [https://www.americanancestors.org/search/databasesearch/285/virginia-genealogist-the American Ancestors] by NEHGS ($). {{FHL|33159|item|disp=FHL Book 975.5 B2vg v. 6 (1962)}}. | ||
Dr. Koontz wrote a helpful article about life on "The Virginia Frontier, 1754-1763," ''Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science'' (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1925). Digital version at [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/81808-the-virginia-frontier-1754-1763?offset=1 FamilySearch Digital Library]. | Dr. Koontz wrote a helpful article about life on "The Virginia Frontier, 1754-1763," ''Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science'' (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1925). Digital version at [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/81808-the-virginia-frontier-1754-1763?offset=1 FamilySearch Digital Library]. | ||