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Russian Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions
→Noun declensions
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Аа Бб Вв Гг Дд Ee Ёё Жж Зз Ии Йй Kk Лл Mм Нн Oo Пр Pp Сс Тт Уу Фф Хх Цц Чч Шш Щщ Ъъ Ыы Ьь Ээ Юю Яя | Аа Бб Вв Гг Дд Ee Ёё Жж Зз Ии Йй Kk Лл Mм Нн Oo Пр Pp Сс Тт Уу Фф Хх Цц Чч Шш Щщ Ъъ Ыы Ьь Ээ Юю Яя | ||
No words begin with the hard sign (Ъъ) or the soft sign (Ьь), and very few with the letters Ёё, Йй, Щщ, or Ыы. | No words begin with the hard sign (Ъъ) or the soft sign (Ьь), and very few with the letters Ёё, Йй, Щщ, or Ыы. | ||
Prior to 1918, when the current Russian spelling reforms were instituted, the alphabet included letters no longer used. These were updated and changed. These letters include: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
|з | |||
|Changed to (in certain positions) | |||
|c | |||
|- | |||
|i | |||
|Changed to | |||
|и | |||
|- | |||
|ъ | |||
|No longer used at the end of masculine words | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|ѣ | |||
|Changed to | |||
|e | |||
|- | |||
|θ | |||
|Changed to | |||
|ф | |||
|- | |||
|v | |||
|Changed to | |||
|и | |||
|} | |||
===Transliteration Aid=== | ===Transliteration Aid=== | ||
| Line 217: | Line 245: | ||
|} | |} | ||
The changing of word endings is called “declension” and there are six different cases in Russian. | The changing of word endings is called “declension” and there are six different cases in Russian. | ||
==== Given names ==== | |||
An important note is that it is essential to recognize when a name is written in a different form, and to avoid misinterpreting it as another name. For example, “the child of Ivan” would be “ребенок ивана.” That only means that “иван” is in a different case. It does NOT mean that is a feminine form of the name, that his name is different, that he has variant names, or that “ивана” is a different person than “иван.” | |||
==== Verbs ==== | |||
Words that show action (verbs) also vary depending on who and how many are doing the action and whether the action is past, present, or future. The variation for verbs is called “conjugation.” For example, the Russian word жить (to live) will appear with various endings. Note that most but not all verbs follow this pattern: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
!Russian conjugation | |||
!English conjugation | |||
|- | |||
|я '''живу''' | |||
|I live | |||
|- | |||
|ты '''живёшь''' | |||
|you live (informal) | |||
|- | |||
|он/она/кто '''живёт''' | |||
|he/she/who lives | |||
|- | |||
|мы '''живём''' | |||
|we live | |||
|- | |||
|вы '''живёте''' | |||
|you live (formal) | |||
|- | |||
|они '''живут''' | |||
|they live | |||
|- | |||
|она '''жил''' | |||
|he lived | |||
|- | |||
|она '''жила''' | |||
|she lived | |||
|- | |||
|они '''жили''' | |||
|they lived | |||
|} | |||
===Names and Places=== | ===Names and Places=== | ||