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Russian Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions
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*[https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0 Викисловар (Russian Wiktionary)] this website is in Russian, but provides information regarding declension. Type a Russian word in the search box in the right hand corner (искать в Викисловаре) and press enter. Even if the word entered is declined (has a grammatical case ending), Wiktionary will redirect you to the original word (nominative case). A typical entry defines the word (if you are using Google Chrome, right click to translate the page to English to learn the definition of the word), as well as meanings, synonyms and often pronunciation. On the right hand side, you will find a table with the word declined in all cases. A translation of the table is included below. Using this table will allow you to easily determine which case your word is in. | *[https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0 Викисловар (Russian Wiktionary)] this website is in Russian, but provides information regarding declension. Type a Russian word in the search box in the right hand corner (искать в Викисловаре) and press enter. Even if the word entered is declined (has a grammatical case ending), Wiktionary will redirect you to the original word (nominative case). A typical entry defines the word (if you are using Google Chrome, right click to translate the page to English to learn the definition of the word), as well as meanings, synonyms and often pronunciation. On the right hand side, you will find a table with the word declined in all cases. A translation of the table is included below. Using this table will allow you to easily determine which case your word is in. | ||
=== Variant forms of words === | |||
In Russian, the endings of most words vary according to gender, number, and usage in a sentence. ''Who—Whose—whom,'' or ''marry—marries—married'' are examples of words in English with variant forms. Many sources (word lists, dictionaries, etc.) give only the basic, or nominative and masculine form. As you read Russian records, be aware that almost all words vary with usage. | |||
==== Gender ==== | |||
Russian words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as '''masculine''', '''feminine''', or '''neuter'''. For example, брат (brother) is a masculine word, дочь (daughter) is a feminine word, and свидетельство (certificate) is a neuter word. | |||
Words that describe persons, places or things (adjectives) will have either masculine, feminine, or neuter endings depending on what noun they are describing. For example, in Russian you would write старый брат (old brother), старая сестра (old sister), and старое свидетельство (old certificate). In dictionaries and in the “Russian Genealogical Word List” generally only the '''masculine''' form is given. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
!masculine | |||
!feminine | |||
!neuter | |||
!found in word list as | |||
|- | |||
|старый | |||
|старая | |||
|старое | |||
|старый (old) | |||
|- | |||
|глухой | |||
|глухая | |||
| - | |||
|глухой (deaf) | |||
|} | |||
==== Plurals ==== | |||
Plural forms of Russian words usually end in ы, и, а, or я. They are usually only found in the singular in dictionaries or in the word list. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
!singular | |||
!plural | |||
!translation | |||
|- | |||
|отец | |||
|отцы | |||
|father/fathers | |||
|- | |||
|муж | |||
|мужья | |||
|husband/husbands | |||
|- | |||
|жена | |||
|жены | |||
|wife/wives | |||
|- | |||
|книга | |||
|книги | |||
|book/books | |||
|- | |||
|место | |||
|местa | |||
|place/places | |||
|} | |||
==== Noun declensions ==== | |||
The endings of Russian words can also vary depending on the grammatical uses of the words. Russian grammar requires specific endings (called “cases”) on nouns used in the possessive, as the object of a verb, and with a preposition, among others. | |||
Adjectives also must match the nouns they modify in gender, quantity, and grammatical form (case). Russian nouns fall into several classes, each with its own set of grammatical endings. Many dictionaries have grammatical sections which show complete noun and adjective endings. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+Translation of Declension Table from Викисловарь | |+Translation of Declension Table from Викисловарь | ||