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United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Superintendent of Education and of the Division of Education - FamilySearch Historical Records: Difference between revisions
United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Superintendent of Education and of the Division of Education - FamilySearch Historical Records (view source)
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|RW_URL_10 = [http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/nyhs/southernfamrelief/ Guide to the Southern Famine Relief Commission Records 1867-1868 New York Historical Society Museum & Library] | |RW_URL_10 = [http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/nyhs/southernfamrelief/ Guide to the Southern Famine Relief Commission Records 1867-1868 New York Historical Society Museum & Library] | ||
}} | }} | ||
== | |||
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands | == What is in This Collection? == | ||
The collection consists of images of the records of the Superintendent of Education and the Education Division of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (often called the Freedmen’s Bureau). Most of the collection will consist of monthly teacher reports and monthly reports of the sub-assistant commissioner or agents. The event date is the date the report was completed either by the teacher or agent. Reports can also identify the name and location of schools as well as the society sponsoring a teacher. The following link will provide a description of the record types found in this and other Freedmen's Bureau collections. [[Freedmen's Bureau Record Types]] | |||
This collection corresponds with the following NARA microfilm publications: | |||
*'''Records of the Superintendent of Education for the state of:''' | |||
*Alabama, M810: Rolls 1, 4-8 | |||
*Arkansas, M980: Roll 5 [http://www.archives.gov/research/microfilm/m980.pdf National Archives Pamphlet M980] | |||
*District of Columbia, M1056: Rolls 12-24 [http://www.archives.gov/research/microfilm/m1056.pdf National Archives Pamphlet M1056] | |||
*Georgia, M799: Rolls 16-28 [http://www.archives.gov/research/microfilm/m799.pdf National Archives Pamphlet M799] | |||
*Louisiana, M1026: Rolls 3-12 [http://www.archives.gov/research/microfilm/m1026.pdf National Archives Pamphlet M1026] | |||
*North Carolina, M844: Rolls 13-15 [http://www.archives.gov/research/microfilm/m844.pdf National Archives Pamphlet M844] | |||
*Tennessee, M1000: Rolls 6-9 [http://www.archives.gov/research/microfilm/m1000.pdf National Archives Pamphlet M1000] | |||
*Texas, M822: Rolls 11-18 [http://www.archives.gov/research/microfilm/m822.pdf National Archives Pamphlet M822] | |||
*Virginia, M1053: Rolls 11-20 [http://www.archives.gov/research/microfilm/m1053.pdf National Archives Pamphlet M1053] | |||
*Records of the Education Division, M803: 15-35 [http://www.archives.gov/research/microfilm/m803.pdf National Archives Pamphlet M803] | |||
*'''Related National Archives Collection''' | |||
*[https://catalog.archives.gov/id/2548470 Contracts for the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, March 1867–August 1870 (Department of the Treasury. Office of the Second Comptroller) RG 217, NAID 2548470] | |||
''' Related Publications''' | |||
*[https://archive.org/details/manualonschoolho00chas/page/n5/mode/2up C. Thurston Chase, ''Schoolhouses. Manual on School- Houses and Cottages for People of the South.'' Washington: Government Printing Office, 1868] Internet Archive | |||
*Jonathan W. White and Lydia J. Davis, eds. ''My Work Among the Freedmen: The Civil War and Reconstruction Letters of Harriet Buss.'' University of Virginia Press, 2021. | |||
*'''Semi-annual reports on schools for freedmen''' | *'''Semi-annual reports on schools for freedmen''' | ||
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*July 1st, 9th, 1870 | *July 1st, 9th, 1870 | ||
== | === General Information about Freedmen's Bureau Records === | ||
The | The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was established in the War Department in March of 1865. It was commonly called the Freedman’s Bureau and was responsible for the management and supervision of matters relating to refuges, freedmen, and abandoned lands. The Bureau assisted disenfranchised Americans, primarily African Americans, with temporal, legal and financial matters, with the intent of helping people to become self-sufficient. Matters handled included the distributing of food and clothing; operating temporary medical facilities; acquiring back pay, bounty payments, and pensions; facilitating the creation of schools, including the founding of Howard University; reuniting family members; handling marriages; and providing banking services. Banking services were provided by the establishment of the Freedman’s Saving and Trust Company, or Freedman’s Bank. <br><br> | ||
The Bureau functioned as an agency of the War Department from approximately June 1865 until December 1868. In 1872, the functions of the Bureau were transferred to the Freedmen’s Branch of the Adjutant General’s Office.<br> <br> | |||
The Bureau assisted over one million African Americans, including many of the nearly four million emancipated slaves, which was over 25% of the population of former slaves in America. <br><br> | |||
The records identify those who sought help from the Bureau at the end of the Civil War. Most supplicants were freed slaves, some of which were military veterans. In addition, a few veterans who were not African Americans also sought help from the Bureau. Freedmen’s Bureau records are usually reliable, because the records were supplied through first-person correspondence or the recording of a marriage. | |||
*[https:// | === National Museum of African American History & Culture === | ||
The museum is working with the Smithsonian Transcription Center and volunteers to transcribe the records of the Bureau. | |||
*[https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/initiatives/freedmens-bureau-records Freedmen's Bureau Transcription Project.] | |||
*[https://nmaahc.si.edu/about-freedmens-bureau-database-records About The Freedmen's Bureau Database Records] | |||
*[https://transcription.si.edu/node/92 FREEDMEN'S BUREAU ABBREVIATIONS, STAFF ROSTERS, AND STYLE SHEETS] | |||
*[https://transcription.si.edu/browse?filter=owner%3A16 Freedmen's Bureau - Browse Projects] | |||
{{HR Add}} | |||
=== Index and Image Visibility === | |||
{{Image Visibility}} | |||
=== To Browse This Collection === | === To Browse This Collection === | ||
{{Collection_Browse_Link | {{Collection_Browse_Link | ||
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Image:United States, Records of the Superintendent of Education and of the Division of Education (14-1367) Teacher's Monthly Report DGS 7675829_49.jpg|1866 Teacher's Monthly Report | Image:United States, Records of the Superintendent of Education and of the Division of Education (14-1367) Teacher's Monthly Report DGS 7675829_49.jpg|1866 Teacher's Monthly Report | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
=== Inventory === | |||
For a list of all the titles included in this Historical Records publication see [[United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Superintendent of Education and of the Division of Education - Inventory]] | |||
''' Record Types ''' | |||
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (often called the Freedmen’s Bureau) created many different record types necessary to supervise relief efforts including education, health care, food and clothing, refugee camps, legalization of marriages, employment, labor contracts, and securing back pay, bounty payments and pensions. These records include letters and endorsements sent and received, account books, applications for rations, applications for relief, court records, labor contracts, registers of bounty claimants, registers of complaints, registers of contracts, registers of disbursements, registers of freedmen issued rations, registers of patients, reports, rosters of officers and employees, special and general orders and circulars received, special orders and circulars issued, records relating to claims, court trials, property restoration, and homesteads. | |||
* The following link will provide a description of the record types found in this and other Freedmen’s Bureau collections.[[Freedmen's Bureau Record Types]] | |||
''' Officer's Manual''' | |||
The War Department published an Officer's Manual to assist bureau personnel in the records that were required to be keep in bureau offices. | |||
*[[United States, National Archives, Freedmen's Bureau, Officer's Manual]] | |||
The following Wiki articles are transcriptions of portions of the manual | |||
*[[US, NARA, Freedmen's Bureau, Officer's Manual - I, Book Keeping and Official Correspondence]] | |||
*[[US, NARA, Freedmen's Bureau, Officer's Manual - IV, Medical Department]] | |||
*[[US, NARA, Freedmen's Bureau, Officer's Manual - V, Subsistence]] | |||
*[[US, NARA, Freedmen's Bureau, Officer's Manual - VI, Miscellaneous Provisions]] - Includes Reports from Assistant Commissioners | |||
== How Do I Search This Collection? == | == How Do I Search This Collection? == | ||
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*The place where your ancestor lived | *The place where your ancestor lived | ||
*The name of the former slave owner | *The name of the former slave owner | ||
*Locate your ancestor in the 1870 Census. Most local Bureau activities ended (except from claims and education) in December 1868. | |||
*Check the records of the local field office in the area(s) where you believe your ancestor lived between June 1865 and December 1868. | |||
*Determine, if possible, the name of the former owner. The 1860 Slave Schedule may be helpful. Also consider searching the 1860 and 1870 Agriculture Schedules. | |||
*The Bureau created many different types of records. Review the record types in the Collection Content section in this article. | |||
*While searching Bureau records remember to search other records of the local government, including marriage and court records and especially the 1867 or later voter registrations. | |||
*Consider ancestors who may have been employed as a civilian agent or served as local agent while still in the military. Look for statewide rosters of bureau personnel in the records of Assistant Commissioners. Others may have worked with aid associations or taught school supported by aid associations in the north. | |||
* Freedmen would have determined what their name would be and may have changed it multiple times. | |||
=== Search the Index === | === Search the Index === | ||
{{Search Collection Link | {{Search Collection Link | ||
| CID=CID2427894 | | CID=CID2427894 | ||
}} | }} | ||
=== View the Images === | === View the Images === | ||
{{View_Images_Link | CID = 2427894 | |||
| browse_1 = Education Division or State | |||
| browse_2 = NARA Roll Number Film Notes | |||
{{HR Tip|More images are available in the FamilySearch Catalog at | | browse_3 = | ||
| browse_4 = | |||
| browse_5 = | |||
| browse_6 = }} | |||
{{HR Tip|More images are available in the FamilySearch Catalog at {{FSC|2427894|item|disp=United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Superintendent of Education and of the Division of Education, 1865-1872}}. Some catalog records link to multiple references. In this case, click on a reference to find a camera icon to see images.}} | |||
=== How Do I Analyze the Results? === | === How Do I Analyze the Results? === | ||
Compare each result from your search with what you know to determine if there is a match. This may require viewing multiple records or images. Keep track of your research in a [[Use_Appropriate_Forms#Prepare_a_Research_Log |research log]]. | Compare each result from your search with what you know to determine if there is a match. This may require viewing multiple records or images. Keep track of your research in a [[Use_Appropriate_Forms#Prepare_a_Research_Log |research log]]. | ||
== What Do I Do Next? == | == What Do I Do Next? == | ||
=== I Found the Person I Was Looking For, What Now? === | === I Found the Person I Was Looking For, What Now? === | ||
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*Former slaves may have had used multiple names or changed their names until they decided upon one particular name. Search all possible names along with variations or spellings of their known names | *Former slaves may have had used multiple names or changed their names until they decided upon one particular name. Search all possible names along with variations or spellings of their known names | ||
=== Research Helps === | === Research Helps === | ||
The following articles will help you | The following articles will help you research your family in [[United States Genealogy|the United States]]. | ||
* [[GuidedResearch:United States|United States Guided Research]] | * [[GuidedResearch:United States|United States Guided Research]] | ||
* [[United States Record Finder]] | * [[United States Record Finder]] | ||
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These collections may have additional materials to help you with your research. | These collections may have additional materials to help you with your research. | ||
=== FamilySearch Catalog === | === FamilySearch Catalog === | ||
* | *Paula K. Byers, ed. ''African American genealogical sourcebook'' New York, New York : Gale Research, c1995 {{FSC|722504|item|disp=FS Library 973 F27afg}} See pages 68-98 | ||
* | *Dee Parmer Woodtor, ''Finding a place called home : a guide to African-American genealogy and historical identity'' New York, New York : Random House, c1999 {{FSC|829837|item|disp=FS Library 973 F2wd}} See chapter 8 | ||
* | *George R. Bentley, ''A history of the Freedmen's Bureau.'' Reprint. Philadelphia, PA : University of Pennsylvania, 1955. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : University of Pennsylvania, 2016 FS Library Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : University of Pennsylvania, 2016. {{FSC|4440734|item|disp=FS Library 973.714 F875b}} | ||
* | *edited by Richard Zuczek, ''Encyclopedia of the Reconstruction Era.'' 2 volumes. Westport, Connecticut : Greenwood Press, ©2006 {{FSC|3416545|item|disp=FS Library 973 N26z }} | ||
*''Samuel L. Horst, ed ''The fire of liberty in their hearts: the diary of Jacob E. Yoder of the Freedmen's Bureau School, Lynchburg, Virginia, 1866-1870''{{FSC|722586|item|disp=FS Library 921.73 Y73h}} | |||
*Rupert Sargent Holland, edited, ''Letters and diary of Laura M. Towne; written from the Sea Islands of South Carolina, 1862-1884'' Cambridge at the Riverside Press, 1912 Reprint. " New York, New York : Negro Universities Press, 1969 {{FSC|83202|item|disp=FS Library 921.73 T661t}} | |||
*Margo Lee Williams, ''From Hill Town to Strieby : education and the American Missionary Association in the Uwharrie "Back Country" of Randolph County, North Carolina'' Crofton, Kentucky : Backintyme Publishing, 2016 {{FSC|3461406|item|disp=FS Library 975.661 D2w}} | |||
*{{FSC|479251|item|disp=Correspondence & school reports, 1865-1871 Superintendent of Education for the state of Arkansas}} | |||
*{{FSC|1921168|item|disp=Virginia Historical Society. Virginia, Richmond, Chimborazo School records, 1868-1869}} | |||
=== FamilySearch Historical Records === | === FamilySearch Historical Records === | ||
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*[[Virginia, Freedmen's Bureau Records - FamilySearch Historical Records]] | *[[Virginia, Freedmen's Bureau Records - FamilySearch Historical Records]] | ||
=== FamilySearch Digital Library === | === FamilySearch Digital Library === | ||
* | *{{FSC|702586|item|disp= Elaine Everly, Willna Pacheli, comp. ''Preliminary inventory of the records of the field offices of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands : record group 105.''Washington, D.C. : National Archives and Records Service, 1973.}} | ||
* | *{{FSC|2021516|item|disp=''Officers' manual : Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands.'' (Washington, 1866)}} | ||
* | *{{FSC|2562476|item|disp=Clifton H. Johnson, ''American Missionary Association archives as a source for the study of American history'' New York : American Missionary Association and the Division of Higher Education of the United Church Board for Homeland Ministries,1964?}} | ||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/viewer/572795 ''Minutes of the Freedmen's Convention Held in the City of Raleigh, on the 2nd, 3rd,4th and 5th, of October, 1866'' Raleigh: Standard Book and Job Office, 1866] | *[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/viewer/572795 ''Minutes of the Freedmen's Convention Held in the City of Raleigh, on the 2nd, 3rd,4th and 5th, of October, 1866'' Raleigh: Standard Book and Job Office, 1866] | ||
*{{FSC|2562476|item|disp=Clifton H. Johnson, ''American Missionary Association archives as a source for the study of American history'' New York : American Missionary Association and the Division of Higher Education of the United Church Board for Homeland Ministries,1964?}} | |||
== Citing This Collection == | == Citing This Collection == | ||
Citations help you keep track of places you have searched and sources you have found. Identifying your sources helps others find the records you used. | Citations help you keep track of places you have searched and sources you have found. Identifying your sources helps others find the records you used. | ||
{{ | {{Collection citation}} | ||
{{Record_Citation}} | {{Record_Citation}} | ||
{{Image_Citation}} | {{Image_Citation}} | ||
[[Category:NARA_Freedmen's_Bureau Records]] | [[Category:NARA_Freedmen's_Bureau Records]] | ||
[[pt:Estados Unidos, Agência de Libertos, Registros do Superintendente da Educação e da Divisão de Educação (Registros Históricos do FamilySearch)]] | [[pt:Estados Unidos, Agência de Libertos, Registros do Superintendente da Educação e da Divisão de Educação (Registros Históricos do FamilySearch)]] | ||