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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
The '''Czech | The '''Czech Genealogical Word List''' contains Czech words and their English translations for many words that are found in documents used to research Czech ancestors. Click [[Media:WLCzech.pdf|here]] for the PDF version of the Czech Genealogical Word List. | ||
If the word (or some form of it) you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Czech-English dictionary. See the [[Czech | If the word (or some form of it) you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Czech-English dictionary. See the [[Czech Genealogical Word List#Additional_Resources|Additional Resources]] section below. | ||
Czech is a Slavic language derived from the West Slavic language family. Czech is related to Slovak and Polish and is used in the genealogical sources throughout | Czech is a Slavic language derived from the West Slavic language family. Czech is related to Slovak and Polish and is used in the genealogical sources throughout Czechia. Czech is the language of Czechia and was the official language in the Czech lands of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia in the former Czechoslovakia. In addition, the Czech language may be found in the records of Czech communities in the United States, Canada, and other areas settled by Czechs. | ||
Before 1918, the Czech lands were provinces of Austria, which, together with Hungary, constituted the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Records written before 1918 may be in German, Latin, or Czech. Czech records often contain German and Latin words. See the [[German Word List|German Genealogical Word List]] and the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]]. | Before 1918, the Czech lands were provinces of Austria, which, together with Hungary, constituted the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Records written before 1918 may be in German, Latin, or Czech. Czech records often contain German and Latin words. See the [[German Word List|German Genealogical Word List]] and the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]]. | ||
For Bohemian-German words, also consult | For Bohemian-German words, also consult {{FSC|357707|item|disp=Sudetendeutches Wörterbuch: Wörterbuch der Deutschen Mundarten in Böhmen und Mähren-Schlesien}} (not all volumes are available). | ||
For explanations of the different peasant occupations in Czech records, consult [http://www.oxfordjctgenealogy.com/main/?page_id=1281 Peasant Levels & Occupations]. | For explanations of the different peasant occupations in Czech records, consult [http://www.oxfordjctgenealogy.com/main/?page_id=1281 Peasant Levels & Occupations]. | ||
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===Variant Forms of Words=== | ===Variant Forms of Words=== | ||
In Czech, the forms of most words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. ''Who, whose, whom'', or ''marry, marries, married'' | In Czech, the forms of most words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. ''Who, whose, whom'', or ''marry, marries, married'' are examples of words in English with variant forms. In Czech, any word may have different forms, depending on how it is used. This word list gives the standard form of each Czech word. The endings of Czech words in a document often differ from what you find in this list. | ||
'''''Surnames''''' | '''''Surnames''''' | ||
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Plural forms of Czech words usually change the singular word: | Plural forms of Czech words usually change the singular word: | ||
Words ending in '''-a''' change to '''-y''':<br>''žena'' woman / wife | Words ending in '''-a''' change to '''-y''':<br>''žena'' woman / wife ''ženy'' women / wives | ||
Words ending in '''-o''' change to '''-a''':<br>''město'' city | Words ending in '''-o''' change to '''-a''':<br>''město'' city ''města'' cities | ||
Words ending in '''-e''' and '''-í''' do not change:<br>''ulice'' street | Words ending in '''-e''' and '''-í''' do not change:<br>''ulice'' street ''ulice'' streets | ||
Words ending in a consonant add '''-y'''. A few words add '''-i''', '''-ové''', or '''-e''' to form the plural: | Words ending in a consonant add '''-y'''. A few words add '''-i''', '''-ové''', or '''-e''' to form the plural: | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Nouns ending with '''-a''' add '''-y''':<br>''sestra'' sister | Nouns ending with '''-a''' add '''-y''':<br>''sestra'' sister ''sestry'' of sister | ||
Nouns ending with '''-o''' add '''-a''':<br>''město'' city | Nouns ending with '''-o''' add '''-a''':<br>''město'' city ''města'' of city | ||
Plural masculine nouns change to '''-ů''':<br>''muži'' husbands | Plural masculine nouns change to '''-ů''':<br>''muži'' husbands ''mužů'' of husbands | ||
Plural feminine or neuter nouns drop the last vowel:<br>''ženy'' wife | Plural feminine or neuter nouns drop the last vowel:<br>''ženy'' wife ''žen'' of wives | ||
*Adjectives change the endings to show possession. | *Adjectives change the endings to show possession. | ||
Adjectives ending in '''-ý''' change to '''-ého''':<br>''narozený'' born | Adjectives ending in '''-ý''' change to '''-ého''':<br>''narozený'' born ''narozeného'' of the born | ||
Adjectives ending in '''-á''' change to '''-é''':<br>''křtěná'' baptized | Adjectives ending in '''-á''' change to '''-é''':<br>''křtěná'' baptized ''křtěné'' of the baptized | ||
Adjectives ending in '''-é''' change to '''-ého''':<br>''neznámé'' unknown | Adjectives ending in '''-é''' change to '''-ého''':<br>''neznámé'' unknown ''neznámého'' of the unknown | ||
Adjectives ending in '''-í''' change to '''-ího''':<br>''první'' first | Adjectives ending in '''-í''' change to '''-ího''':<br>''první'' first ''prvního'' of the first | ||
Plural adjectives ending in '''-ý''' or '''-í''' add '''-ch''': | Plural adjectives ending in '''-ý''' or '''-í''' add '''-ch''': | ||
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''Syn zemřelého Josefa Nováka a Anny Plevové'' means “son of the deceased Josef Novák and of Anna Plevová (Pleva).” | ''Syn zemřelého Josefa Nováka a Anny Plevové'' means “son of the deceased Josef Novák and of Anna Plevová (Pleva).” | ||
''Manželství mezi Karlem Václavem Havlem a Barborou Marií Kozárovou'' means “marriage between Karel Václav Havel and Barbora Marie Kozárová (Kozár).” | ''Manželství mezi Karlem Václavem Havlem a Barborou Marií Kozárovou'' means “marriage between Karel Václav Havel and Barbora Marie Kozárová (Kozár).” | ||
For charts of Czech patterns of declension see this [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_declension article on Wikipedia]. | For charts of Czech patterns of declension see this [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_declension article on Wikipedia]. | ||
In genealogical sources surnames may also be spelled in the language of the the text. In German text, Czech surnames may be spelled according to German phonetics. So ''Černý'' may be spelled ''Tscherny''. Or, German names can be spelled in Czech phonetics, so ''Schmidt'' may be spelled ''Šmid''. Surnames can also be translated into the language of the text. Smith, for example could be translated as ''Schmidt'' (German), ''Kovař'' (Czech), ''Kovács'' (Hungarian), or ''Faber'' (Latin). | |||
'''''Prepositions''''' | '''''Prepositions''''' | ||
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Written Czech uses several letters in addition to the 26 letters used in the English alphabet: á, č, ď, é, ě, í, ň, ó, ř, š, ť, ,ú, ů, ý, ž. The letter combination ''ch'' is also considered a single letter and is alphabetized after ''h''. Letters ''q, w,'' and ''x'' are used only in words of foreign origin. Czech dictionaries and indexes use the following alphabetical order: | Written Czech uses several letters in addition to the 26 letters used in the English alphabet: á, č, ď, é, ě, í, ň, ó, ř, š, ť, ,ú, ů, ý, ž. The letter combination ''ch'' is also considered a single letter and is alphabetized after ''h''. Letters ''q, w,'' and ''x'' are used only in words of foreign origin. Czech dictionaries and indexes use the following alphabetical order: | ||
a,á | a,á b c,č d,ď e,é,ě f g h ch i,í j k l m n,ň o,ó p (q) r,ř s,š t,ť u,ú,ů v (w) (x) y,ý z,ž | ||
This word list follows the standard English alphabetical order. However, when you work with alphabetized Czech records, use the Czech alphabetical order. | This word list follows the standard English alphabetical order. However, when you work with alphabetized Czech records, use the Czech alphabetical order. | ||
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==Additional Resources== | ==Additional Resources== | ||
*[[ | *[[Czechia Reading Aids]] Translated examples of birth, marriage, and death records, both civil registration and church records, in both German and Czech. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
This word list includes the words ''most commonly found in genealogical sources''. For further help, use a Czech-English dictionary. Several are available at the | This word list includes the words ''most commonly found in genealogical sources''. For further help, use a Czech-English dictionary. Several are available at the FamilySearch Library in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 491.86321. The following dictionary is helpful when you do genealogical research and is available through most bookstores which carry Czech books: | ||
*Fronek, Josef. ''Anglicko-český, česko-anglický slovník.'' (English-Czech, Czech-English dictionary). Praha: Leda, 2003, c1998. ( | *Fronek, Josef. ''Anglicko-český, česko-anglický slovník.'' (English-Czech, Czech-English dictionary). Praha: Leda, 2003, c1998. (FS Library book 491.86321) | ||
The following dictionary is also available on microfilm and microfiche for use in | The following dictionary is also available on microfilm and microfiche for use in FamilySearch Centers: | ||
*Cheshire, Harold T. ''Česko-anglický slovník.'' (Czech-English Dictionary). Praha: J. Otto, 1935. ( | *Cheshire, Harold T. ''Česko-anglický slovník.'' (Czech-English Dictionary). Praha: J. Otto, 1935. (FS Library book 491.86321 C424c; film 1181683 item 1-2; fiche 6001286-6001287). | ||
Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under CZECH LANGUAGE—DICTIONARIES or in the Locality section under CZECH REPUBLIC—LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES. These include other dictionaries and language helps, such as Czech grammar books. | Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under CZECH LANGUAGE—DICTIONARIES or in the Locality section under CZECH REPUBLIC—LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES. These include other dictionaries and language helps, such as Czech grammar books. | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== | ==Numbers== | ||
In some genealogical records, numbers are spelled out. This is especially true with dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. In actual usage, days of the month are written in ordinal form with a possessive grammatical ending. In the following list, the ordinal number in its standard form is given first, followed by the possessive form (in some cases only the possessive ending is listed): | |||
'''pátý''' - the fifth '''pátého''' - on the fifth (of the month) | |||
'''Cardinal Ordinal''' | |||
1 jeden, jedna, jedno 1st první, prvního<br>2 dva, dvě 2nd druhý, druhého<br>3 tři 3rd třetí, třetího<br>4 čtyři 4th čtvrtý, čtvrtého<br>5 pět 5th pátý, pátého<br>6 šest 6th šestý, šestého<br>7 sedm 7th sedmý, sedmého<br>8 osm 8th osmý, osmého<br>9 devět 9th devátý, devátého<br>10 deset 10th desátý, desátého<br>11 jedenáct 11th jedenáctý, -ého<br>12 dvanáct 12th dvanáctý, -ého<br>13 třináct 13th třináctý, -ého<br>14 čtrnáct 14th čtrnáctý, -ého<br>15 patnáct 15th patnáctý, -ého<br>16 šestnáct 16th šestnáctý, -ého<br>17 sedmnáct 17th sedmnáctý, -ého<br>18 osmnáct 18th osmnáctý, -ého<br>19 devatenáct 19th devatenáctý, -ého<br>20 dvacet 20th dvacátý, -ého<br>21 dvacet jeden, -jedna, -jedno 21st dvacátý první, dvacátého prvního<br>22 dvacet dva 22nd dvacátý druhý, dvacátého druhého<br>23 dvacet tři 23rd dvacátý třetí, dvacátého třetího<br>24 dvacet čtyři 24th dvacátý čtvrtý, dvacátého čtvrtého<br>25 dvacet pět 25th dvacátý pátý, dvacátého pátého<br>26 dvacet šest 26th dvacátý šestý,dvacátého šestého<br>27 dvacet sedm 27th dvacátý sedmý, dvacátého sedmého<br>28 dvacet osm 28th dvacátý osmý, dvacátého osmého<br>29 dvacet devět 29th dvacátý devátý, dvacátého devátého<br>30 třicet 30th třicátý, třicátého <br>40 čtyřicet 40th čtyřicátý, -ého<br>50 padesát 50th padesátý, -ého<br>60 šedesát 60th šedesátý, -ého<br>70 sedmdesát 70th sedmdesátý, -ého<br>80 osmdesát 80th osmdesátý, -ého<br>90 devadesát 90th devadesátý, -ého<br>100 sto 100th stý, -ého<br>200 dvěstě 200th dvoustý, -ého<br>300 třista 300th třístý, -ého<br>400 čtyřista 400th čtyřistý, -ého<br>500 pětset 500th pětistý, -ého<br>600 šestset 600th šestistý, -ého<br>700 sedmset 700th sedmistý, -ého<br>800 osmset 800th osmistý, -ého<br>900 devětset 900th devítistý, -ého<br>1000 tisíc 1000th tisící, -ího | |||
==Date and Time== | |||
To understand Czech dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding “Numbers” section. In Czech records, dates are occasionally spelled out. Dates are usually given with possessive grammatical endings: | |||
*''dvacátého osmého srpna, jeden tisíc osm set'' ''padesát dva'' | |||
*[on the twenty-eighth of August, one thousand eight hundred fifty and two] 28 August 1852 | |||
===Months of the Year=== | |||
Czech dates are always given in day-month-year order. Months are often abbreviated using a Roman numeral. | |||
For example, 25 February 1848 could be written as:<br> 25. února 1848<br> 25. 2. 1848<br> 25. II. 1848 | |||
The months listed below are shown in their standard form and in the possessive form used in writing dates: | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" width=" | {| class="wikitable sortable" width="50%" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! width="25%" |'''Roman Numeral''' | ||
! | !'''Czech''' | ||
!'''English''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |I | ||
| | |leden, ledna | ||
|January | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |II | ||
| | |únor, února | ||
|February | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |III | ||
| | |březen, března | ||
|March | |||
|- | |- | ||
|adresář | |IV | ||
|directory | |duben, dubna | ||
|April | |||
|- | |||
|V | |||
|květen, května | |||
|May | |||
|- | |||
|VI | |||
|červen, června | |||
|June | |||
|- | |||
|VII | |||
|červenec, července | |||
|July | |||
|- | |||
|VIII | |||
|srpen, srpna | |||
|August | |||
|- | |||
|IX | |||
|září | |||
|September | |||
|- | |||
|X | |||
|říjen, října | |||
|October | |||
|- | |||
|XI | |||
|listopad, listopadu | |||
|November | |||
|- | |||
|XII | |||
|prosinec, prosince | |||
|December | |||
|} | |||
===Days of the Week=== | |||
''' Czech English'''<br> neděle Sunday<br> pondělí Monday<br> úterý Tuesday<br> středa Wednesday<br> čtvrtek Thursday<br> pátek Friday<br> sobota Saturday | |||
===Times of the Day=== | |||
Czech records may indicate the exact time when the birth, marriage, or death occurred. This is usually spelled out. | |||
''' Czech English<br>''' v deset hodin at 10 o’clock<br> ráno in the morning<br> dopoledne forenoon<br> poledne/ v poledne noon<br> odpoledne afternoon<br> večer in the evening<br> v noci at night<br> půlnoc/ o půlnoci midnight<br> | |||
==General Word List== | |||
This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in separate sections that follow this list. In this list, optional versions of Czech words or variable endings (such as some plural or feminine endings) are given in parentheses. Some Czech phrases and their translations are listed [in brackets] under the most significant Czech word, not the first word, of the phrase. Words in parentheses in the English column clarify the definition. | |||
'''Czech English''' | |||
====A==== | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="40%" | |||
|- | |||
! scope="col" |Czech | |||
! scope="col" |English | |||
|- | |||
|a | |||
|and | |||
|- | |||
|A. C. | |||
|Augsburg Confession | |||
|- | |||
|A. V. | |||
|Augsburské vzynání, Augsburg Confesson | |||
|- | |||
|aby | |||
|so that | |||
|- | |||
|adoptovaný | |||
|adopted | |||
|- | |||
|adresář | |||
|directory | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ale | |ale | ||
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|cech | |cech | ||
|guild | |guild | ||
|- | |||
|čeledín | |||
|groom (person employed to clean/look after horses) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|celý | |celý | ||
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|cesta | |cesta | ||
|road | |road | ||
|- | |||
|cestář | |||
|road-mender, wayman | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cestovní pas | |cestovní pas | ||
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|duben | |duben | ||
|April | |April | ||
|- | |||
|Duch (po svatém Duchu) | |||
|spirit (after Pentecost) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|důchodce | |důchodce | ||
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! scope="col" |Czech | ! scope="col" |Czech | ||
! scope="col" |English | ! scope="col" |English | ||
|- | |||
|H.C. | |||
|Helvetic Confession (vzynání) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|havíř | |havíř | ||
|coal miner | |coal miner | ||
|- | |||
|hejtmanství | |||
|political district | |||
|- | |- | ||
|heraldika | |heraldika | ||
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|lesník | |lesník | ||
|forester | |forester | ||
|- | |||
|leštiř skla | |||
|polisher of glass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|léta (let) | |léta (let) | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|nájemník | |nájemník | ||
|renter | |renter, tenant | ||
|- | |- | ||
|nalezenec | |nalezenec | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|soused, sousedé | |soused, sousedé | ||
|neighbor, neighbors, property owner | |neighbor, neighbors, property owner, | ||
in villages: status similar to a burgher/citizen in town | |||
|- | |- | ||
|spála | |spála | ||
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|lawful, legal, legitimate | |lawful, legal, legitimate | ||
|- | |- | ||
|zámečník | |zámečník | ||
|locksmith | |locksmith | ||
|- | |- | ||
|zámek | |zámek | ||
|palace | |palace | ||
|- | |||
|zaměstnání | |||
|employment | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |zánět mozku | ||
| | |encephalitis | ||
|- | |- | ||
|západ | |západ | ||
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{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|w=}} | {{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|w=}} | ||
[[Category:Czechia Language and Handwriting]] | |||
[[Category: | |||
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]] | [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] | ||
[[Category:Word_List]] | [[Category:Word_List]] | ||
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