New Caledonia Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions

New Caledonia Emigration and Immigration (view source)

Revision as of 14:20, 30 July 2021

3,728 bytes added , 30 July 2021

m

→‎Immigration into New Caledonia

VisualWikitext

Hanna5974

318,531

edits

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 [[Category:Emigration and Immigration Records]]
 ==Immigration into New Caledonia==
+*On 24 September 1853, '''France''' took formal possession of New Caledonia. A few dozen free settlers settled on the west coast in the following years.
+*New Caledonia became a '''penal colony''' in 1864, and from the 1860s until the end of the transportations in 1897, France sent about 22,000 '''criminals and political prisoners''' to New Caledonia. Once the prisoners had completed their sentences, they were given land to settle.
+*The Bulletin de la Société générale des prisons for 1888 indicates that 10,428 convicts, including 2,329 freed ones, were on the island as of 1 May 1888, by far the largest number of convicts detained in French overseas penitentiaries.
+*The convicts included many Communards, arrested after the failed Paris Commune of 1871.
+*Between 1873 and 1876, 4,200 ''''political prisoners were "relegated" to New Caledonia''''. Only 40 of them settled in the colony; the rest returned to France after being granted amnesty in 1879 and 1880.
+*In 1864, nickel was discovered on the banks of the Diahot River; with the establishment of the Société Le Nickel in 1876, mining began in earnest. To work the mines the French imported laborers from neighboring islands and from the '''New Hebrides''', and later from '''Japan, the Dutch East Indies, and French Indochina'''. The French government also attempted to encourage European immigration, without much success.
+*In 1942, with the assistance of Australia, New Caledonia became an important Allied base, and the main South Pacific Fleet base of the United States Navy in the South Pacific moved to Nouméa in 1942–1943. '''American troops''' stationed on New Caledonia numbered as many as 50,000: matching the entire local population at the time.
+*According to the 2014 census, '''of the 73,199 Europeans in New Caledonia 30,484 were native-born, 36,975 were born in Metropolitan France, 488 were born in French Polynesia, 86 were born in Wallis and Futuna, and 5,166 were born abroad'''.
+*The Europeans are divided into several groups: the '''Caldoches are usually defined as those born in New Caledonia who have ancestral ties that span back to the early French settlers'''. They often settled in the rural areas of the western coast of Grande Terre, where many continue to run large cattle properties.
+*Distinct from the Caldoches are '''those who were born in New Caledonia from families that had settled more recently, and are called simply Caledonians'''.
+*The '''Metropolitan French-born migrants who come to New Caledonia are called Métros or Zoreilles''', indicating their origins in metropolitan France.
+*There is also a community of about 2,000 '''pieds noirs, descended from European settlers in France's former North African colonies'''.
+*A 2015 documentary by Al Jazeera English asserted that up to 10% of New Caledonia's population is '''descended from around 2,000 Arab-Berber people deported from French Algeria in the late 19th century''' to prisons on the island in reprisal for the Mokrani Revolt in 1871. After serving their sentences, they were released and given land to own and cultivate as part of colonization efforts on the island.
+*As the overwhelming majority of the Algerians imprisoned on New Caledonia were men, the community was continued through intermarriage with women of other ethnic groups, mainly '''French women from nearby women's prisons'''. The largest population of '''Algerian-Caledonians''' lives in the commune of Bourail (particularly in the Nessadiou district, where there is an Islamic cultural centre and cemetery), with smaller communities in Nouméa, Koné, Pouembout, and Yaté.<ref>"New Caledonia", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Caledonia, accessed 30 July 2021.</ref>
 ==Emigration From New Caledonia==
 <ref> at KNOMAD, the Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development