Reviewer, editor, pagecreator
62,153
edits
Albania Languages: Difference between revisions
m
creating language page
m (creating language page) |
m (creating language page) |
||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
The official language of the country is '''Albanian''' which is spoken by the vast majority of the country's population. Its standard spoken and written form is revised and merged from the two main dialects, '''Gheg''' and '''Tosk''', though it is notably based more on the Tosk dialect. The differences are primarily phonological. Also a dialect of '''Greek''' that preserves features now lost in standard modern Greek is spoken in areas inhabited by the Greek minority. Other languages spoken by ethnic minorities in Albania include Aromanian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Gorani, and Roma. Young people have shown a growing interest in '''German and Turkish''' languages. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Albania," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#Language#:~:text=Language, accessed 21 Jul 2021.</ref> | The official language of the country is '''Albanian''' which is spoken by the vast majority of the country's population. Its standard spoken and written form is revised and merged from the two main dialects, '''Gheg''' and '''Tosk''', though it is notably based more on the Tosk dialect. The differences are primarily phonological. Also a dialect of '''Greek''' that preserves features now lost in standard modern Greek is spoken in areas inhabited by the Greek minority. Other languages spoken by ethnic minorities in Albania include ''Aromanian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Gorani, and Roma''. Young people have shown a growing interest in '''German and Turkish''' languages. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Albania," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#Language#:~:text=Language, accessed 21 Jul 2021.</ref> | ||
'''Albania (Gheg dialect)''' -- Gheg is spoken to the north of the Shkumbin river. Gheg does not have any official status as a written language in any country. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Gheg Albanian," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheg_Albanian, accessed 21 Jul 2021.</ref> | :[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheg_Albanian '''Albania (Gheg dialect)'''] -- Gheg is spoken to the north of the Shkumbin river. Gheg does not have any official status as a written language in any country. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Gheg Albanian," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheg_Albanian, accessed 21 Jul 2021.</ref> | ||
'''Albania (Tosk dialect)''' -- Tosk is spoken to the south of the Shkumbin river. Tosk is the basis of the standard Albanian language. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Tosk Albanian," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosk_Albanian, accessed 21 Jul 2021.</ref> | :[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosk_Albanian '''Albania (Tosk dialect)'''] -- Tosk is spoken to the south of the Shkumbin river. Tosk is the basis of the standard Albanian language. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Tosk Albanian," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosk_Albanian, accessed 21 Jul 2021.</ref> | ||
'''Greek''' -- second most-spoken language in the country, with 0.5 to 3% of the population speaking it as first language and with two-thirds of mainly Albanian families having at least one member that speaks Greek. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Albania," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#Language#:~:text=Greek%20is%20the%20second%20most-spoken%20language%20in%20the%20country, accessed 21 Jul 2021.</ref> | :'''Greek''' -- second most-spoken language in the country, with 0.5 to 3% of the population speaking it as first language and with two-thirds of mainly Albanian families having at least one member that speaks Greek. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Albania," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#Language#:~:text=Greek%20is%20the%20second%20most-spoken%20language%20in%20the%20country, accessed 21 Jul 2021.</ref> | ||
'''German and Turkish''' -- Young people have shown a growing interest in German language in recent years. Interest in learning Turkish, in particular among young people, has been growing on a yearly basis. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Albania," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#Language#:~:text=Young%20people%20have%20shown%20a%20growing%20interest%20in%20German%20language, accessed 21 Jul 2021.</ref> | :'''German and Turkish''' -- Young people have shown a growing interest in German language in recent years. Interest in learning Turkish, in particular among young people, has been growing on a yearly basis. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Albania," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#Language#:~:text=Young%20people%20have%20shown%20a%20growing%20interest%20in%20German%20language, accessed 21 Jul 2021.</ref> | ||
The Albanian language has been written using many alphabets since the earliest records from the 15th century. The earliest written Albanian records come from the Gheg area in makeshift spellings based on Italian or Greek. The Tosk dialect was written in the Greek alphabet and the Gheg dialect was written in the Latin script. Both dialects had also been written in the Ottoman Turkish version of the Arabic script. The writers from northern Albania and under the influence of the Catholic Church used Latin letters, those in southern Albania and under the influence of the Greek Orthodox church used Greek letters, while others throughout Albania and under the influence of Islam used Arabic letters. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Albanian language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_language#:~:text=Orthography, accessed 21 Jul 2021.</ref> | The Albanian language has been written using many alphabets since the earliest records from the 15th century. The earliest written Albanian records come from the Gheg area in makeshift spellings based on Italian or Greek. The Tosk dialect was written in the Greek alphabet and the Gheg dialect was written in the Latin script. Both dialects had also been written in the Ottoman Turkish version of the Arabic script. The writers from northern Albania and under the influence of the Catholic Church used Latin letters, those in southern Albania and under the influence of the Greek Orthodox church used Greek letters, while others throughout Albania and under the influence of Islam used Arabic letters. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Albanian language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_language#:~:text=Orthography, accessed 21 Jul 2021.</ref> | ||
:'''Greek Loans''' - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_language#:~:text=Early%20Greek%20loans 30 Ancient Greek loanwords in Albanian] | |||
:'''Latin Influence''' - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_language#:~:text=Latin%20influence Latin roots comprise over 60% of the Albanian lexicon] | |||
==Word List(s)== | ==Word List(s)== | ||
| Line 24: | Line 27: | ||
*[http://ilanguages.org/albanian_phrases.php#:~:text=Albanian%20Phrases Albanian Phrases with audio] - iLanguages | *[http://ilanguages.org/albanian_phrases.php#:~:text=Albanian%20Phrases Albanian Phrases with audio] - iLanguages | ||
*[http://mylanguages.org/albanian_phrases.php#:~:text=Albanian%20Phrases Albanian Phrases] - My Languages | *[http://mylanguages.org/albanian_phrases.php#:~:text=Albanian%20Phrases Albanian Phrases] - My Languages | ||
'''Genealogical Word Lists''' | |||
*[[Turkish Genealogical Word List]] | |||
*[[Greek Genealogical Word List]] | |||
*[[Latin Genealogical Word List]] | |||
==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ||
*[https://wikitravel.org/en/Albanian_phrasebook#:~:text=Vowels Albanian Vowels and Consonants] - Wikitravel Albanian Phrasebook | *[https://wikitravel.org/en/Albanian_phrasebook#:~:text=Vowels Albanian Vowels and Consonants] - Wikitravel Albanian Phrasebook | ||
*[https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/albanian/#:~:text=Vowels Albanian Tosk and Gheg Vowels and Consonants] - Must Go Travel | *[https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/albanian/#:~:text=Vowels Albanian Tosk and Gheg Vowels and Consonants] - Must Go Travel | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_language#:~:text=Phonology Albanian Vowels and Consonants] - Wikipedia | |||
*[https://www.ibiblio.org/koine/greek/lessons/alphabet.html The Greek Alphabet] - ibiblio.org | |||
==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ||
'''Dictionaries''' | '''Dictionaries''' | ||
* lo Duro & Ramazan Hysa, '''''Fjalor shqip-anglisht = Albanian - English dictionary''''', Tirana : Botime EDFA, 1996 - [https://www.worldcat.org/title/fjalor-shqip-anglisht-albanian-english-dictionary/oclc/747106362&referer=brief_results Available at WorldCat] | |||
* Vladimir E Orel, '''''Albanian etymological dictionary''''', Leiden : Brill, 1998 - [https://www.worldcat.org/title/albanian-etymological-dictionary/oclc/468377468&referer=brief_results Available at WorldCat] | |||
* Leonard Newmark, '''''Albanian-English dictionary''''', Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1999 - [https://www.worldcat.org/title/albanian-english-dictionary/oclc/1085738360&referer=brief_results Available at WorldCat] | |||
* George A Magazis, '''''Langenscheidt standard Greek dictionary : English-Greek, Greek-English''''', New York : Langenscheidt, 2005 - [https://www.worldcat.org/title/langenscheidt-standard-greek-dictionary-english-greek-greek-english/oclc/62587737&referer=brief_results Available at WorldCat] | |||
'''Online Dictionaries''' | '''Online Dictionaries''' | ||
* [https://www.lexilogos.com/english/albanian_dictionary.htm Albanian Dictionary] - Lexilogos | |||
* [https://glosbe.com/en/sq Dictionary English - Albanian] - Glosbe | |||
* [https://www.lexilogos.com/english/greek_ancient_dictionary.htm Ancient Greek Dictionary] - Lexilogos | |||
'''Language Aids''' | '''Language Aids''' | ||
* | * Leonard Newmark, '''''Structural grammar of Albanian''''', 1957 - [https://www.worldcat.org/title/structural-grammar-of-albanian/oclc/606827764&referer=brief_results Available at WorldCat] | ||
* Nelo Drizari, '''''Spoken and written Albanian : a practical handbook''''', New York : Ungar, 1975 - [https://www.worldcat.org/title/spoken-and-written-albanian-a-practical-handbook/oclc/258166348&referer=brief_results Available at WorldCat] | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_language#:~:text=Grammar Albanian Grammar] - Wikipedia | |||
*[http://mylanguages.org/learn_albanian.php Albanian grammar and language basics] - My Languages | |||
==Additional Resources== | ==Additional Resources== | ||
| Line 46: | Line 64: | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Albania]] | [[Category:Albania]] | ||