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=== Japanese Diaspora === | === Japanese Diaspora === | ||
*Today, there are about 2.5 million Japanese emigrants and people of Japanese descent living in countries around the world. The modern waves of Japanese emigration began in 1868, when 153 Japanese journeyed to Hawaii to work on sugar plantations. But the Meiji government prohibited such emigration because these first Japanese migrants were treated like slaves. A new treaty with Hawaii in 1885 provided for better work conditions and three-year contracts and over the next nine years about 29,000 Japanese went to Hawaii to work on sugar plantations. In 1899, 790 people left for contract work in Peru, starting a wave of Japanese emigration to Latin America, particularly to Brazil. There are now roughly 1.5 million Latin Americans of Japanese ancestry, at least half of whom trace their ancestral origins to Okinawa prefecture. Brazil has the most: 1.3 million. Peru has about 100,000. Argentina has about 50,000. Mexico is estimated to have 30,000. Japanese | *Today, there are about 2.5 million Japanese emigrants and people of Japanese descent living in countries around the world. | ||
*The modern waves of Japanese emigration began in 1868, when 153 Japanese journeyed to Hawaii to work on sugar plantations. But the Meiji government prohibited such emigration because these first Japanese migrants were treated like slaves. A new treaty with Hawaii in 1885 provided for better work conditions and three-year contracts and over the next nine years about 29,000 Japanese went to Hawaii to work on sugar plantations. | |||
*In 1899, 790 people left for '''contract work in Peru''', starting a wave of Japanese emigration to Latin America, particularly to '''Brazil'''. There are now roughly 1.5 million Latin Americans of Japanese ancestry, at least half of whom trace their ancestral origins to '''Okinawa prefecture'''. | |||
:*Brazil has the most: 1.3 million. | |||
:*Peru has about 100,000. | |||
:*Argentina has about 50,000. | |||
:*Mexico is estimated to have 30,000. | |||
*Japanese emigration to the '''United States and Canada''' was subject to severe restrictions until after the Second World War. North America today has nearly 1 million Japanese immigrants and people of Japanese descent.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Japan,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1986-2001.</ref> | |||
*'''Japanese diaspora:''' - '''Brazil''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Brazilians (see Japanese Brazilian)], the '''United States''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Americans (see Japanese Americans)], '''Canada''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Canadians (see Japanese Canadian)] and '''the Philippines''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_in_the_Philippines (see Japanese Filipinos)], as well sizable communities in '''Peru''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Peruvians (see Japanese Peruvian)], '''Argentina''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Argentines (see Asian Argentine)], '''Chile''' and '''Ecuador''', and smaller numbers of Japanese in '''Australia, New Zealand, Cuba, Venezuela and Mexico''' are the countries with the highest numbers of Japanese people outside Japan. | |||
*The largest community of ethnic Japanese is in '''Hawaii''' where they make up a quarter of the state's population. | |||
*However, there are smaller Japanese communities around the world that developed in the late 20th century such as throughout western Europe (esp. the '''Japanese expatriate colony in Düsseldorf, Germany'''), '''eastern Russia''' and '''South Africa'''. | |||
*The Japanese population used to have nicknames to indicate generational levels: '''"Issei"-foreign born parents, next is "Nisei"-1st generation born outside Japan or children, and "Sansei"-2nd generation born outside Japan or grandchildren'''.<ref>"List of diasporas", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diasporas#J, accessed 3 July 2021.</ref> | |||
== Japanese Passenger Lists== | == Japanese Passenger Lists== | ||