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Australia Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions
Australia Emigration and Immigration (view source)
Revision as of 17:52, 21 June 2021
, 21 June 2021→Immigration into Australia
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Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in the country. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birthplaces. Sometimes they also show family groups. | Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in the country. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birthplaces. Sometimes they also show family groups. | ||
[[Category:Emigration and Immigration Records]] | [[Category:Emigration and Immigration Records]] | ||
==Immigration into Australia== | ===Immigration into Australia=== | ||
*Between 1788 and 1900 over 1,000,000 people immigrated to Australia. Most of them were from the British Isles, but some were from Europe and Asia.<br> | *Between 1788 and 1900 over 1,000,000 people immigrated to Australia. Most of them were from the British Isles, but some were from Europe and Asia.<br> | ||
*Prior to 1900 there were four classes of immigrants to Australia: | *Prior to 1900 there were four classes of immigrants to Australia: | ||
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*'''Assisted immigrants''' came to Australia through the financial assistance of the government, organizations, or wealthy individuals. | *'''Assisted immigrants''' came to Australia through the financial assistance of the government, organizations, or wealthy individuals. | ||
*'''Paying passengers''' came to Australia through their own means. | *'''Paying passengers''' came to Australia through their own means. | ||
===Convicts=== | ====Convicts==== | ||
*European migration to Australia began with the British convict settlement of Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. | *European migration to Australia began with the British convict settlement of Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. | ||
*The '''First Fleet''' comprised 11 ships carrying 775 convicts and 645 officials, members of the crew, marines, and their families and children. The settlers consisted of petty criminals, second-rate soldiers and a crew of sailors. There were few with skills needed to start a self-sufficient settlement, such as farmers and builders, and the colony experienced hunger and hardships. Male settlers far outnumbered female settlers. | *The '''First Fleet''' comprised 11 ships carrying 775 convicts and 645 officials, members of the crew, marines, and their families and children. The settlers consisted of petty criminals, second-rate soldiers and a crew of sailors. There were few with skills needed to start a self-sufficient settlement, such as farmers and builders, and the colony experienced hunger and hardships. Male settlers far outnumbered female settlers. | ||
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*Conditions on the '''Third Fleet''', which followed on the heels of the Second Fleet in 1791, were a bit better. The fleet comprised 11 ships. Of the more than 2000 convicts brought onto the ships, 173 male convicts and 9 female convicts died during the voyage. | *Conditions on the '''Third Fleet''', which followed on the heels of the Second Fleet in 1791, were a bit better. The fleet comprised 11 ships. Of the more than 2000 convicts brought onto the ships, 173 male convicts and 9 female convicts died during the voyage. | ||
*Other transport fleets bringing further convicts as well as freemen to the colony would follow. By the end of the penal transportation in 1868, approximately 165,000 people had entered Australia as convicts.<ref name="ICA">"Immigration to Australia", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Australia, accessed 21 June 2021.</ref> | *Other transport fleets bringing further convicts as well as freemen to the colony would follow. By the end of the penal transportation in 1868, approximately 165,000 people had entered Australia as convicts.<ref name="ICA">"Immigration to Australia", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Australia, accessed 21 June 2021.</ref> | ||
===Bounty Immigrants=== | ====Bounty Immigrants==== | ||
The colonies promoted migration by a variety of schemes. The Bounty Immigration Scheme (1835-1841) boosted emigration from the United Kingdom to New South Wales. The South Australia Company was established to encourage settlement in South Australia by laborers and skilled migrants. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Fleet_of_South_Australia First Fleet of South Australia, 1836], different from the First Fleet of 1788, began the organization of purposeful colonization by the South Australian Company. These colonist received financial incentives (bounties) to join the colony. <ref name="ICA"/> | |||
==For Further Reading== | ==For Further Reading== | ||