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=== Emigration from Scotland === | === Emigration from Scotland === | ||
*Beginning in the seventeenth century, Scottish people began emigrating to the '''United States, India, Canada, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, and elsewhere in the British Isles'''. | |||
There was no systematic, official method of emigrating from Scotland. The following types of emigrants account for most persons who left Scotland. | *Emigration increased in the mid-eighteenth century as a result of political unrest and again after 1815 as a means of poor relief, particularly from the Highlands. | ||
*The British government did not bother to document emigrants leaving its shores until the Passenger Act of 1803. Even after that, the records were very incomplete. | |||
*Free emigrants. Beginning in 1630, emigrants left Scotland to '''promote trade or set up military outposts and way stations''' for merchant ships. Later, free emigrants sought opportunity in a new land or fled poverty or oppression in Scotland. | :*The Colonial Land and Emigration Commission (1841 to 1872) and the Board of Trade (1873 on) kept records of departing emigrants, but the records have been destroyed up to the 1890s. | ||
*Assisted emigrants. From 1815 to 1900, qualified emigrants received '''passage money or land grants''' in the destination country as an alternative to receiving poor relief. Many Scots from the Highlands emigrated to Canada in this manner. After 1840, New Zealand and Australia offered money for land grants to skilled workers to encourage immigrants. | :*There was no systematic, official method of emigrating from Scotland. The following types of emigrants account for most persons who left Scotland. | ||
*Latter-day Saints. Beginning in about 1840, many Scottish Latter-day Saints emigrated to the United States. Most settled in Utah. For more information, see [[Utah Emigration and Immigration]] and [[Latter-day Saint Online Genealogy Records|Latter-day Saint Online Genealogy Records:Emigration and Immigration]]. | :*Free emigrants. Beginning in 1630, emigrants left Scotland to '''promote trade or set up military outposts and way stations''' for merchant ships. Later, free emigrants sought opportunity in a new land or fled poverty or oppression in Scotland. | ||
:*Assisted emigrants. From 1815 to 1900, qualified emigrants received '''passage money or land grants''' in the destination country as an alternative to receiving poor relief. Many Scots from the Highlands emigrated to Canada in this manner. After 1840, New Zealand and Australia offered money for land grants to skilled workers to encourage immigrants. | |||
:*Latter-day Saints. Beginning in about 1840, many Scottish Latter-day Saints emigrated to the United States. Most settled in Utah. For more information, see [[Utah Emigration and Immigration]] and [[Latter-day Saint Online Genealogy Records|Latter-day Saint Online Genealogy Records:Emigration and Immigration]]. | |||