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*In 1814, when peace between France and Spain was restored, the '''French immigrants who had left Cuba were allowed to return to the island'''. They, together with '''new French immigrants''', formed a second wave of French immigration to Santiago de Cuba. | *In 1814, when peace between France and Spain was restored, the '''French immigrants who had left Cuba were allowed to return to the island'''. They, together with '''new French immigrants''', formed a second wave of French immigration to Santiago de Cuba. | ||
*Between 1818 and 1835 a third wave of immigration to Santiago de Cuba occurred, prompted by a royal order from the Spanish Crown intended to increase the proportion of whites in the Cuban population. | *Between 1818 and 1835 a third wave of immigration to Santiago de Cuba occurred, prompted by a royal order from the Spanish Crown intended to increase the proportion of whites in the Cuban population. | ||
*The fourth and final wave of French immigrants to Santiago de Cuba occurred between 1836 and 1868. In this period over 2200 French settlers emigrated, most of them coming from '''the Atlantic coast of France'''. <ref>"French immigration to Cuba", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_immigration_to_Cuba, accessed 16 June 2021.<ref> | *The fourth and final wave of French immigrants to Santiago de Cuba occurred between 1836 and 1868. In this period over 2200 French settlers emigrated, most of them coming from '''the Atlantic coast of France'''. <ref>"French immigration to Cuba", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_immigration_to_Cuba, accessed 16 June 2021.</ref> | ||
===Afro-Cubans=== | |||
*Afro-Cubans are Cubans who are of West or Central African ancestry. | |||
*According to a 2012 national census which surveyed 11.2 million Cubans, 1 million Cubans described themselves as Afro-Cuban or Black, while 3 million considered themselves to be "mulatto" or "mestizo". | |||
*A fair number of people still locate their origins in '''specific native African ethnic groups or regions''', particularly the '''Yoruba (or Lucumí; see Olukumi people), Akan, Arará and Kongo, but also Igbo, Carabalí, Mandingo, Kissi, Fula, Makua and others.''' | |||
*Although Afro-Cubans can be found throughout Cuba, '''Eastern Cuba has a higher concentration of Afro-Cubans''' than other parts of the island and '''Havana''' has the largest population of Afro-Cubans of any city in Cuba. | |||
*Recently, many native African immigrants have been coming to Cuba, especially from '''Angola'''. Also, immigrants from '''Jamaica and Haiti''' have been settling in Cuba, most of whom settle in the eastern part of the island, due to its proximity to their home countries. | |||
===Emigration=== | ===Emigration=== | ||
*The Cuban diaspora is the exodus of over one million displaced Cubans ('''the largest community is in Miami and its metropolitan area in the United States''') following the Cuban Revolution of 1959. Other preferred countries include '''Spain, Mexico, Venezuela, Ireland, Australia, and Nicaragua.''' | *The Cuban diaspora is the exodus of over one million displaced Cubans ('''the largest community is in Miami and its metropolitan area in the United States''') following the Cuban Revolution of 1959. Other preferred countries include '''Spain, Mexico, Venezuela, Ireland, Australia, and Nicaragua.''' | ||