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*Some Lebanese married into the Guajira Indian tribe, but immigrants generally were most closely associated with the white upper class, which was generally receptive to ties with foreigners. Today, 10.6% of the population identify as Afro-Colombians and are of mixed-race descent known as either mulattos (European and African) or zambos (African and Amerindian) or often all three. | *Some Lebanese married into the Guajira Indian tribe, but immigrants generally were most closely associated with the white upper class, which was generally receptive to ties with foreigners. Today, 10.6% of the population identify as Afro-Colombians and are of mixed-race descent known as either mulattos (European and African) or zambos (African and Amerindian) or often all three. | ||
*The first and largest wave of immigration from the Middle East began around 1880, and continued during the first two decades of the twentieth century. They were mainly '''Maronite Christians from Greater Syria (Syria and Lebanon) and Palestine'''. Syrians and Lebanese are perhaps the biggest immigrant group next to the Spanish. Recently, immigration from the Middle East to Colombia has increased due to the Arab Spring and civil war in Syria. | |||
*In the mid-nineteenth century many '''Italians''' arrived from southern Italy (especially in the '''province of Salerno and regions Basilicata and Calabria'''). Barranquilla was the first center of this mass migration. Before the First World War there was only about 5,000 Italians in Colombia, concentrated on the '''coast around Barranquilla, Cartagena and Santa Marta''', with some hundreds living in '''Bogota.''' Currently the Italian community reaches nearly 15,000 people, but it is estimated that more than 50,000 Colombians have some Italian ancestry. | |||
*Germans began immigrating in the later half of the 19th century, and also in the 20th century. Many arrived in Colombia via Venezuela, where German settlements already existed. They traditionally settled as farmers or professional workers in the '''states of Boyacá and Santander, but also in Cali, Bogotá, and Barranquilla'''. | |||
*Other German groups arrived in Colombia later; after World War I and World War II, (some of them Nazis or on the black list). | |||
The first and largest wave of immigration from the Middle East began around 1880, and continued during the first two decades of the twentieth century. They were mainly Maronite Christians from Greater Syria (Syria and Lebanon) and Palestine | *In the 1920's, Colombia's government sought workers from '''Japan''', due to agricultural labor shortages due to the increase of workers in the railways. | ||
*About 3,000 North '''Americans''' arrived in Barranquilla during the late 19th century. By 1958, American immigrants comprised 10% of all immigrants living in Colombia. There are now between 30,000-40,000 United States citizens living in Colombia. Many of whom are Colombian emigrants to the United States who chose to return to Colombia. | |||
In the mid-nineteenth century many Italians arrived from southern Italy (especially in the province of Salerno and regions Basilicata and Calabria ) | |||
Germans began immigrating in the later half of the 19th century, and also in the 20th century. Many arrived in Colombia via Venezuela, where German settlements already existed. They traditionally settled as farmers or professional workers in the states of Boyacá and Santander, but also in Cali, Bogotá, and Barranquilla. | |||
In the 1920's, Colombia's government sought workers from Japan | |||
About 3,000 North Americans arrived in Barranquilla during the late 19th century. By 1958, American immigrants comprised 10% of all immigrants living in Colombia. There are now between 30,000-40,000 United States citizens living in Colombia. Many of whom are Colombian emigrants to the United States who chose to return to Colombia. | |||
== Emigration == | == Emigration == | ||