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==How to Find the Records== | ==How to Find the Records== | ||
===Online Sources=== | ===Online Sources=== | ||
*'''1727-1776''' [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/516283-redirection A collection of upwards of thirty thousand names of German, Swiss, Dutch, French and other immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727-1776 : with a statement of the names of ships, whence they sailed, and the date of their arrival at Philadelphia, chronologically arranged, together with the necessary historical and other notes, also, an appendix containing lists of more than one thousand German and French names in New York prior to 1712], e-book | *'''1727-1776''' [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/516283-redirection A collection of upwards of thirty thousand names of German, Swiss, Dutch, French and other immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727-1776 : with a statement of the names of ships, whence they sailed, and the date of their arrival at Philadelphia, chronologically arranged, together with the necessary historical and other notes, also, an appendix containing lists of more than one thousand German and French names in New York prior to 1712], e-book | ||
*'''1750-1943''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/398195?availability=Family%20History%20Library Auswandererkartei mit Familienangehörigen, 1750-1943] Koblenz Archives. Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German emigrants and their family members. Provides information on nicknames, given names, and variant forms of surnames; ancestral home, earlier and later lands of allegiance, places and dates of birth and death, religious persuasion, date of emigration, earlier and later places of settlement, original occupation and later activity, name of spouse, places and dates of birth and death, place of marriage, occupation and later activity; names, places and dates of birth and death for children, places of residence, names of spouses. | *'''1750-1943''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/398195?availability=Family%20History%20Library Auswandererkartei mit Familienangehörigen, 1750-1943] Koblenz Archives. Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German emigrants and their family members. Provides information on nicknames, given names, and variant forms of surnames; ancestral home, earlier and later lands of allegiance, places and dates of birth and death, religious persuasion, date of emigration, earlier and later places of settlement, original occupation and later activity, name of spouse, places and dates of birth and death, place of marriage, occupation and later activity; names, places and dates of birth and death for children, places of residence, names of spouses. | ||
*'''1840-1930''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1198977 Auswanderkartei, 1840-1930:] Cards of emingrants from Bavaria most of whom are born during the time frame 1870 to 1900; however, there are some emigrant dates from the late 1600's and from the 1840's. The cards contain surnames, maiden names, given names, places of birth, and addresses in the country to which the people are moving. | *'''1840-1930''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1198977 Auswanderkartei, 1840-1930:] Cards of emingrants from Bavaria most of whom are born during the time frame 1870 to 1900; however, there are some emigrant dates from the late 1600's and from the 1840's. The cards contain surnames, maiden names, given names, places of birth, and addresses in the country to which the people are moving. | ||
*'''1850-1897''' {{RecordSearch|2110801|United States Germans to America Index, 1850-1897}} | *'''1850-1897''' {{RecordSearch|2110801|United States Germans to America Index, 1850-1897}} | ||
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*'''1870-1945''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420719?availability=Family%20History%20Library Auswandererkartei von Rußlanddeutschen nach China und Nordamerika : 1870-1945] Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants from Russia to China, North America, Argentina, elsewhere. Includes birthplaces and dates for both spouses and children, date of emigration and destination, place and date of marriage, children's names and documentary references. | *'''1870-1945''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420719?availability=Family%20History%20Library Auswandererkartei von Rußlanddeutschen nach China und Nordamerika : 1870-1945] Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants from Russia to China, North America, Argentina, elsewhere. Includes birthplaces and dates for both spouses and children, date of emigration and destination, place and date of marriage, children's names and documentary references. | ||
*'''1899-2012''' {{RecordSearch|2367299|United States, Obituaries, American Historical Society of Germans from Russia, 1899-2012}}, index. | *'''1899-2012''' {{RecordSearch|2367299|United States, Obituaries, American Historical Society of Germans from Russia, 1899-2012}}, index. | ||
*''' | *'''1904-1914''' {{RecordSearch|1787826|Germany, Bremen Passenger Departure Lists, 1904-1914}} - at FamilySearch, index. [[Germany, Bremen Passenger Departure Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use This Collection]] | ||
*'''1904-1914''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/9867/ Germany, Bremen, Select Passenger Departure Lists, 1904-1914] - at Ancestry, index. ($) | |||
*'''1920-1939''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10924/germany-bremen-emigration-lists-1920-1939 Germany, Bremen Emigration Lists, 1920-1939] at MyHeritge; index & images ($) | *'''1920-1939''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10924/germany-bremen-emigration-lists-1920-1939 Germany, Bremen Emigration Lists, 1920-1939] at MyHeritge; index & images ($) | ||
*'''1929-1930''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420708?availability=Family%20History%20Library Auswandererkartei der Rußlanddeutschen, 1929-1930] Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants from Russia to Germany, Canada, Brazil, Paraguay, etc. | *'''1929-1930''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420708?availability=Family%20History%20Library Auswandererkartei der Rußlanddeutschen, 1929-1930] Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German-speaking emigrants from Russia to Germany, Canada, Brazil, Paraguay, etc. | ||
*'''1935-1945''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420657?availability=Family%20History%20Library Kartei von Deutschen Experten im Ausland, 1935-1945] Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German professionals residing abroad. Includes land and street address, area of expertise, membership in professional organizations, participation in the German Foreign Institute, and biographical information (place and date of birth, education, marital status, professional activities, etc.). | *'''1935-1945''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/420657?availability=Family%20History%20Library Kartei von Deutschen Experten im Ausland, 1935-1945] Index cards, arranged alphabetically by surname, for German professionals residing abroad. Includes land and street address, area of expertise, membership in professional organizations, participation in the German Foreign Institute, and biographical information (place and date of birth, education, marital status, professional activities, etc.). | ||
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*[http://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10019/germans-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=218489221 Germans Immigrating to the United States]. Index. | *[http://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10019/germans-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=218489221 Germans Immigrating to the United States]. Index. | ||
*[https://www.deutsche-auswanderer-datenbank.de/index.php?id=540&L=1 Deutsche Auswanderer-Datenbank (German Emigrants Database)]. Index. | *[https://www.deutsche-auswanderer-datenbank.de/index.php?id=540&L=1 Deutsche Auswanderer-Datenbank (German Emigrants Database)]. Index. | ||
====Palatine Records==== | ====Palatine Records==== | ||
*[http://www.germangenealogygroup.com/records-search/bavarian_emigrants.php Bavaria & Pfalz Emigrants] | *[http://www.germangenealogygroup.com/records-search/bavarian_emigrants.php Bavaria & Pfalz Emigrants] | ||
*'''1704-1717''' [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/221770-redirection Swiss and German Mennonite immigrants from the Palatinate, 1704-1717], e-book | *'''1704-1717''' [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/221770-redirection Swiss and German Mennonite immigrants from the Palatinate, 1704-1717], e-book | ||
*'''1712, 1737, 1787''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=61037 Emigrants from West-German Fuerstenberg Territories (Baden and the Palatinate) to America and Central Europe], ($). 1712, 1737, 1787 Index. | *'''1712, 1737, 1787''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=61037 Emigrants from West-German Fuerstenberg Territories (Baden and the Palatinate) to America and Central Europe], ($). 1712, 1737, 1787 Index. | ||
* | |||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/390338 List of Pfalz Immigrants to America, 1724-1749.] | |||
*[http://www.birkenhoerdt.net/showreport.php?reportID=1 The Birkenhördt Project] | *[http://www.birkenhoerdt.net/showreport.php?reportID=1 The Birkenhördt Project] | ||
* | |||
* | *[https://www.olivetreegenealogy.com/ships/palship_list.shtml Ships carrying Palatines from Germany to Philadelphia from 1727 to 1808] | ||
*[https://www.olivetreegenealogy.com/ships/pal_engtony.shtml Palatines from England to New York 1709] | |||
*[https://www.olivetreegenealogy.com/palatines/palatine-indentures.shtml Palatine Children Apprenticed by Gov. Hunter in New York 1710-1714] | |||
*[https://www.olivetreegenealogy.com/ships/tousa_pa170049.shtml SHIPS TO PENNSYLVANIA 1700-1749] | |||
*[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Palatine_Arrivals_in_New_York_in_1710 Palatine Arrivals in New York in 1710] | |||
*[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~pagermanpioneers/ Pennsylvania German Pioneers Passenger Lists, Palatine German Immigrant Ships to Philadelphia 1727-1808] | |||
*[http://www.searchforancestors.com/passengerlists/ Ancestor Search, Palatine German Ship Passenger Lists to PA] | |||
====German Brazilians==== | ====German Brazilians==== | ||
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==Emigration From Germany== | ==Emigration From Germany== | ||
Significant numbers of German emigrants can be found on every continent and in many countries around the world. Millions of people left Germany in several waves of migration. | Significant numbers of German emigrants can be found on every continent and in many countries around the world. Millions of people left Germany in several waves of migration. | ||
Records that document emigration from Germany include passenger lists, passports, permissions to emigrate, German and French emigration indexes, published emigration lists, police registration records, and other departure documents, as well as sources in the emigrant's new countries. Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in Germany. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants' names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birth places. Sometimes they also show family groups. | Records that document emigration from Germany include passenger lists, passports, permissions to emigrate, German and French emigration indexes, published emigration lists, police registration records, and other departure documents, as well as sources in the emigrant's new countries. Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in Germany. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants' names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birth places. Sometimes they also show family groups. | ||
Most emigrants left Germany during the following periods: | Most emigrants left Germany during the following periods: | ||
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'''1914 to 1945'''. Even though the quota system reduced German emigration to the U.S. significantly, it did not stop entirely. Emigrants included political dissenters, Jews, and others who were uncomfortable with post World War I developments. | '''1914 to 1945'''. Even though the quota system reduced German emigration to the U.S. significantly, it did not stop entirely. Emigrants included political dissenters, Jews, and others who were uncomfortable with post World War I developments. | ||
===Passenger Departure Lists=== | |||
The earliest German emigrants went down the Rhine River and left Europe from Rotterdam in the Netherlands. As passenger traffic increased, Dutch, Belgian, French, and Danish ports were used. From 1850 to 1891, 41 percent of German and east European emigrants left via the port of Bremen (Germany), 30 percent via Hamburg (Germany), 16 percent via Le Havre (France), 8 percent via Antwerp (Belgium), and 5 percent via several ports in the Netherlands. For further information see [https://books.google.com/books?id=9NS5WYRGCLAC&pg=PA50&lpg=PA50&dq=German+Ports:+Gateway+to+America&source=bl&ots=rMI9aSrGAa&sig=qAVEJK0Qei0hExqhrhWLrr1VbFs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjt4faV_NrNAhXD7oMKHWQYDBMQ6AEIMzAD#v=onepage&q=German%20Ports%3A%20Gateway%20to%20America&f=false German Ports: Gateway to America] by Raymond Wright III. | |||
Only a few Germans emigrated from other European ports. Southern and western Germans tended to emigrate through the ports of Bremen or Le Havre. Northern and eastern Germans tended to leave through Hamburg. | |||
The records of departures from these ports are called passenger lists. Information given in passenger lists varies but usually includes the emigrant's name, age, occupation, last residence or birthplace, and destination. The records also name the ship and the date of departure. The most significant passenger departure lists for German emigrants are from the following ports: | |||
'''Bremen.''' The port of Bremen was a major point of embarkation for emigrations during the 19th and 20th centuries. German nationals and inhabitants from Austria, Hungary, and other Central European nations emigrated from the port of Bremen. Unfortunately, the passenger departure lists for the port of Bremen were destroyed. Some passenger lists between 1920 and 1939 survive. They can be accessed at [http://www.passengerlists.de www.passengerlists.de]. For more information see the [[Bremen Emigration/Immigration|Bremen Emigration]] wiki page. The passenger lists for 1847 to 1871 have been partially reconstructed. Some 20 to 25 percent of the Bremen passengers arriving at New York during this time period are indexed with their place of origin in the source below: | |||
Zimmerman, Gary J., and Marion Wolfert. ''German Immigrants: Lists of Passengers Bound from Bremen to New York''. Four Volumes. Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Genealogical Publishing, 1985, 1986, 1988,1993 ([https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/295798 FamilySearch Catalog book 974.71 W3g]) | |||
An early commercial partner with Bremen was the port at Baltimore, Maryland. Many Germans going to America through Bremen landed in Baltimore. The Baltimore passenger arrival lists are indexed. | |||
'''Hamburg'''. The most significant surviving passenger departure lists are from Hamburg. The original departure records for Hamburg are at the state archive [Staatserchiv] in Hamburg. Every emigrant from every country who left from Hamburg between 1850 and 1934 should be on these passenger lists. See the [[Hamburg Passenger Lists|Hamburg Passenger List]] section. | |||
Most importantly, these lists show each passenger’s hometown, and the lists are indexed. The Hamburg Passenger List indexes are being put online. See: | |||
*[http://www.germanroots.com/hamburg.html The Hamburg Passenger Departure Lists 1850-1934] | |||
For most years, the index is handwritten in gothic script and alphabetized only by the first letter of the surname. A separate index of departures was created each year. There is also a compiled fifteen-year index for 1856 to 1871. The passenger lists themselves are alphabetical from 1850 to 1855. | |||
The Hamburg passenger list records and indexes have been microfilmed and are available at the Family History Library. They are listed in the Place Search of the catalog under: | |||
GERMANY, HAMBURG, HAMBURG | |||
EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION | |||
'''Le Havre'''. The only lists available for the French port of Le Havre are lists of crews and passengers on commercial cargo vessels. Passenger vessels are not included. A few German emigrants are included in these records, but most Germans who sailed from Le Havre are not recorded. These lists are not indexed. The Family History Library has filmed the Le Havre commercial cargo vessel passenger lists for the years 1750 to 1886. The film numbers are listed in the Place Search of the catalog under: | |||
FRANCE, SEINE-MARITIME, LE HAVRE BUSINESS | |||
RECORDS AND COMMERCE | |||
'''Antwerp'''. The library has only the passenger lists of emigrants who sailed from Antwerp in 1855. This year is only a small percentage of the total. Many German emigrants sailed from this port. The following is an index to the Antwerp passenger lists: | |||
Hall, Charles M. ''The Antwerp Emigration Index''. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA: Heritage International, 1983?. ([https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/354411 FamilySearch Catalog book Ref 949.3 W22h]) The Library also has registers of foreign nationals residing in Antwerp prior to Emigration: Vreemdelingendossiers, 1840-1930; indexed. | |||
'''Netherlands'''. The Family History Library has [https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/results?count=20&placeId=155353&query=%2Bplace%3A%22Netherlands%2C%20Zuid-Holland%2C%20Rotterdam%22&subjectsOpen=721200-50 copies of passenger lists] for the port of Rotterdam. However, most German travel through Dutch ports was before 1820. Pre-1807 Philadelphia port arrivals include many Germans who left via Dutch ports (see Strassburger and Hinke's book, listed later in this section). | |||
'''Copenhagen'''. The library has the passenger lists of emigrants from Copenhagen [København], Denmark, from 1868 to 1940. Only a few Germans appear on these lists, which are alphabetical for intervals of one to five years. The film numbers are in the Place Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under: | |||
DENMARK, KØBENHAVN, KØBENHAVN EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION | |||
==Passports== | ==Passports== | ||
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For Bayern there is a periodical entitled Blätter des Bayrischen Landesvereines für Familienkunde. The call number is 943.3 B2b. The volumes which deal with emigration are V. 1, page 19 and 48, V. 2, page 103, V. 3, pages 9, 39, 73, 87, 102 V. 6-7, V. 9 pages 157, 417. | For Bayern there is a periodical entitled Blätter des Bayrischen Landesvereines für Familienkunde. The call number is 943.3 B2b. The volumes which deal with emigration are V. 1, page 19 and 48, V. 2, page 103, V. 3, pages 9, 39, 73, 87, 102 V. 6-7, V. 9 pages 157, 417. | ||
==German Emigration Card Indexes== | |||
Dozens of card indexes exist for German emigrants. For example, the Family History Library has microfilmed card indexes for emigrants from Hessen. The indexes are divided into five sections for various time periods or areas of Hessen, each in alphabetical order. Other card indexes at the library include the following: | |||
*From Baden 1660s-1900s | |||
*From the Pfalz 1500s-1900s | |||
*To the Austro-Hungarian Empire 1750-1943 | |||
*To Russia 1750-1943 | |||
There are card indexes of World War II refugees from many parts of central and eastern Europe. | |||
These indexes are listed in the Locality Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under the region from which the refugees fled. | |||
Periodicals publish many emigration records. The following source is a card index for emigrants that have been listed in the periodical Deutsches Familienarchiv (German Families Archive): | |||
''Emigrants to and from Germany from the 18th to the 20th Century''. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1976. (FHL film 1,125,001.) | |||
Genealogical societies often compile card indexes of emigrants from the German region they specialize in. For details on how to contact these societies (to learn if they have an emigration index), see [[Germany Societies|Germany Societies]]. | |||
'''A wiki article describing an online collection is found at:''' | |||
[https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/Germany,_Bremen_Name_Card_Index_to_Passenger_Lists_%28FamilySearch_Historical_Records%29 Germany, Bremen Name Card Index to Passenger Lists (FamilySearch Historical Records)] | |||
==French Emigration Indexes== | ==French Emigration Indexes== | ||