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===Variant Forms of Words=== | ===Variant Forms of Words=== | ||
In Icelandic, as in English, the forms of some words vary according to how they are used in a sentence. | In Icelandic, as in English, the forms of some words vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom and marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. The endings of a word in a document may differ from those in this list. For example: | ||
{| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
| Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
===Spelling=== | ===Spelling=== | ||
Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. Words were written as they sounded. | Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. Words were written as they sounded. Because Iceland was under Danish rule so long, and because many officials were Danish or had been educated in Denmark, Danish influence was prominent in vocabulary and style until the late eighteenth century. | ||
In the 1703, 1801, and 1816 censuses and in the oldest church registers, the following graphemic or spelling variations are common: | In the 1703, 1801, and 1816 censuses and in the oldest church registers, the following graphemic or spelling variations are common: | ||
| Line 53: | Line 53: | ||
{| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''b'' used for ''p | |''b'' used for ''p '' | ||
|''i'' used for ''j | |''i'' used for ''j '' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''c'' used for ''k | |''c'' used for ''k '' | ||
|''k'' used for ''q'' | |''k'' used for ''q'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 62: | Line 62: | ||
|''v'' and ''w'' and vice versa | |''v'' and ''w'' and vice versa | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''f'' used for ''v | |''f'' used for ''v '' | ||
|<br> | |<br> | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Additional Resources== | == Additional Resources == | ||
This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For more help, use an Icelandic-English dictionary. Additional dictionaries are listed in the FamilySearch Catalog under [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/results?count=20&query=%2Bsubject_id%3A338673 Iceland - Language and languages - Dictionaries]. The following is a selected list of titles. Cleasby-Vigfusson is the most comprehensive resource. | |||
Bogason, Sigurður Örn. ''Ensk-Íslenzk Orðabók'' (English-Icelandic Dictionary). Reykjavik: Ísafoldarprentsmiðja H.F., 1976. {{FSC|371695|item|disp=FS Library book Scand 439.6321 B633e}}; not available on film or fiche. | |||
Cleasby, Richard; and Vigfusson, Gudbrand. ''An Icelandic-English Dictionary.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957. {{FSC|35389|item|disp=FS Library book Scand 439.6321 C558li}}; not available on film or fiche. FamilySearch Digital Books [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/61748-redirection An Icelandic-English dictionary]. Online at Germanic Lexicon Project, [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oi_cleasbyvigfusson_about.html An Icelandic-English Dictionary] and Old Norse.net [https://old-norse.net/search.php An Icelandic-English Dictionary]. A YouTube video by Professor Jackson Crawford utlizes this dictionary as part of his university course, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ayo25w0DAi8 Old Norse Unit 2, Lesson 1: Using a Dictionary to Read Old Norse]. | |||
Hólmarsson, Sverrir; Sanders, Christopher; and Tucker, John. ''Íslensk-ensk orðabók''. Reykjavík : Iðunn, 1989. [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/oclc/866637949 FS Library Book 439.6321 H731h]; not available on film or fiche. Online at University of Wisconsin-Digitized Collections [https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/IcelOnline/IcelOnline.TEId-idx?id=IcelOnline.IEOrd Íslensk-ensk orðabók]. | |||
Sörenson, Sören; and Hannesson, Jóhann S. ''Ensk-íslensk orðabók með alfræðilegu ívafi.'' Reykjavík: Örn og Örlygur, 1984. [https://www.worldcat.org/title/ensk-islensk-ordabok-med-alfraedilegu-ivafi/oclc/807412451&referer=brief_results WorldCat]. | |||
Zoëga, Geir Tómasson. ''Íslenzk-Ensk orðabók = Icelandic-English dictionary''. Reykjavík, Iceland : Bókaverzlun Sigurðar Kristjánsson, 1951. {{FSC|467013|item|disp=FS Library book 439.6321 Z72e 1951}}, [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSDM-G7CG-W?i=374&cat=467013 FS Library film 1224705 Item 2]. Online at Northvegr Foundation, [http://jillian.rootaction.net/~jillian/world_faiths/www.northvegr.org/zoega/index002.html Zoëga's A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic]. | |||
==Key Words== | ==Key Words== | ||
| Line 319: | Line 308: | ||
|tuttugu og fimm | |tuttugu og fimm | ||
|25<sup>th</sup> | |25<sup>th</sup> | ||
|tuttugasti | |tuttugasti og fimmti | ||
|- | |- | ||
|26 | |26 | ||
|tuttugu | |tuttugu og sex | ||
|26<sup>th</sup> | |26<sup>th</sup> | ||
|tuttugasti | |tuttugasti og sjötti | ||
|- | |- | ||
|27 | |27 | ||
| Line 532: | Line 521: | ||
|grandmother | |grandmother | ||
|- | |- | ||
|andaður, | |andaður, andaðir (plural) | ||
|deceased (male), dead | |deceased (male), dead | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 542: | Line 531: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|andlega vanheill | |andlega vanheill | ||
|mentally deficient, | |mentally deficient, weak-minded | ||
|- | |- | ||
|andvana fæddur | |andvana fæddur | ||
| Line 576: | Line 565: | ||
|on, at | |on, at | ||
|- | |- | ||
|á | |á morgun | ||
|tomorrow | |tomorrow | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 839: | Line 828: | ||
|afternoon | |afternoon | ||
|- | |- | ||
|egta | |egta barn | ||
|legitimate child | |legitimate child | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 1,598: | Line 1,587: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|önduð | |önduð | ||
|deceased, dead | |deceased, dead (female) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ónefndur | |ónefndur | ||
| Line 2,275: | Line 2,264: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|æsing | |æsing | ||
|inflammation, | |inflammation, agitation | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ættfaðir | |ættfaðir | ||
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