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A census is a count and description of the population of an area. When available, census records can provide names, ages, occupations, marital statuses, birthplaces, and family members' relationships. Censuses can also provide clues that lead to other records. A census may list only selected people for a special reason (such as males between the ages of 16 and 45 for military purposes) or the whole population. The percentage of people listed depends on the purpose of the census and on how careful the enumerator was.  
A census is a count and description of the population of an area. When available, census records can provide names, ages, occupations, marital statuses, birthplaces, and family members' relationships. Censuses can also provide clues that lead to other records. A census may list only selected people for a special reason (such as males between the ages of 16 and 45 for military purposes) or the whole population. The percentage of people listed depends on the purpose of the census and on how careful the enumerator was.  


== Purposes for Taking a Census ==
== Purposes for Taking a Census ==


Various types of censuses have been taken by civil authorities to determine such things as:
Various types of censuses have been taken by civil authorities to determine such things as:  


*Makeup of the population.  
*Makeup of the population.  
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*The number and identities of eligible voters (recorded in poll books)
*The number and identities of eligible voters (recorded in poll books)


== Civil Censuses of the Population  ==
== Civil or Government Censuses of the Population  ==


Government censuses of the population are particularly valuable because they list nearly all the population at a given time. The Irish government took a census in 1813 (which no longer exists), then every ten years from 1821 through 1911. Due to the Irish Civil War of 1921-22, another census was not taken until 1926. The next census was taken in 1936. Starting in 1946, censuses were taken every five years through 1971. Since 1971, censuses have been taken every ten years.  
Government censuses of the population are particularly valuable because they list nearly all the population at a given time. The Irish government took a census in 1813 (which no longer exists), then every ten years from 1821 through 1911. Due to the Irish Civil War of 1921-22, another census was not taken until 1926. The next census was taken in 1936. Starting in 1946, censuses were taken every five years through 1971. Since 1971, censuses have been taken every ten years.  


== Available Census ==
=== Availability  ===


Only parts of the early censuses survive. The censuses from 1821 through 1851 were mostly destroyed in the 1922 fire at the Public Record Office in Dublin. The censuses from 1861 through 1891 were destroyed by the government sometime after statistics had been compiled from them.  
Only parts of the early civil censuses survive. The censuses from 1821 through 1851 were mostly destroyed in the 1922 fire at the Public Record Office in Dublin. The censuses from 1861 through 1891 were destroyed by the government sometime after statistics had been compiled from them.  


The 1901 census is the first complete census available for Ireland. The 1901 and 1911 censuses are available to the public, but all censuses taken since 1911 are not.  
The 1901 census is the first complete census available for Ireland. The 1901 and 1911 censuses are available to the public, but all censuses taken since 1911 are not.  
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The 1821 to 1851 censuses are divided by county, barony, civil parish, and townland. The 1901 and 1911 censuses are divided by county, electoral division, and townland.  
The 1821 to 1851 censuses are divided by county, barony, civil parish, and townland. The 1901 and 1911 censuses are divided by county, electoral division, and townland.  


== Content ==
=== Content ===


You will find the following information in the various censuses:  
You will find the following information in the various censuses:  
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*Ryan, James G. ''Irish Records: Sources for Family & Local History''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Ancestry Publishing, 1988. (FHL book Ref 941.5 D23r.)
*Ryan, James G. ''Irish Records: Sources for Family & Local History''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Ancestry Publishing, 1988. (FHL book Ref 941.5 D23r.)


== Finding Census Available at the Family History Library ==
=== Finding Census Available at the Family History Library ===


The Family History Library has microfilm copies of the early census fragments. The library also has copies of the 1901 and 1911 censuses. Follow these steps to find the Family History Library film numbers.  
The Family History Library has microfilm copies of the early census fragments. The library also has copies of the 1901 and 1911 censuses. Follow these steps to find the Family History Library film numbers.  


#Go to [http://www.familysearch.org/ www.familysearch.org]
#Go to [http://www.familysearch.org/ www.familysearch.org]  
#Click on the link to the '''Family History Library Catalog'''.  
#Click on the link to the '''Family History Library Catalog'''.  
#Click '''Place Search'''.  
#Click '''Place Search'''.  
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#Click '''View Film Notes''' to find the film numbers.
#Click '''View Film Notes''' to find the film numbers.


== Searching Census Records  ==
=== Searching Census Records  ===


When searching government census records, remember that:
When searching government census records, remember that:  


*Ages may be inaccurate.  
*Ages may be inaccurate.  
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*Search indexes, when available, before using the actual census records.  
*Search indexes, when available, before using the actual census records.  
*Search records of the surrounding area if a family is not listed at the anticipated address.
*Search records of the surrounding area if a family is not listed at the anticipated address.
== Religious Censuses  ==
In addition to the official government censuses, religious censuses were taken at various times. For example, in 1766 the government required ministers of the Church of Ireland to compile a return of all heads of household in their parishes. The name of the head of household, the religion of each family, and the activities of Catholic clergy in the area were noted in this census. All the original returns were deposited in the Public Record Office, Dublin, and subsequently destroyed in 1922. Extensive transcripts survive for some areas and are deposited in local archives in Ireland. Copies of surviving transcripts are also available at the Family History Library.
Some ministers took censuses of their parish or congregation for their own purposes. These records are usually in the custody of local ministers. Copies of the records may have been deposited in an Irish archive as well.
Surviving religious census records and sometimes the repositories where they are located are listed in:
*Begley, Donal F., ed. ''Irish Genealogy: A Record Finder.'' Dublin, Ireland: Heraldic Artists, 1981. (FHL book Ref 941.5 D27i.)
*Grenham, John. ''Tracing Your Irish Ancestors: The Complete Guide.'' Dublin, Ireland: Gill and Macmillan, 1992. (FHL book Ref 941.5 D27gj.)
*McCarthy, Tony. ''The Irish Roots Guide.'' Dublin, Ireland: Lilliput Press, 1991. (FHL book 941.5 D27mt.)
To determine which religious censuses are available at the Family History Library, consult the following sources:
*Smith, Frank. ''Smith's Inventory of Genealogical Sources: Ireland''. (FHL book 941.5 D23s.) This source contains information about many published religious censuses, particularly those reprinted in periodicals and which may not appear in the Register of Ireland below.
*''Register of Ireland Census and Census Substitutes''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1985. (FHL book Ref 941.5 X23c; film 1,441,023 item 1.) This library reference contains a county-by-county list of the library's religious census returns, along with their call numbers.
Religious census returns available at the Family History Library are also listed in the Place Search of the library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/Library/FHLC/frameset_fhlc.asp catalog] under the following headings:
IRELAND, [COUNTY] - CENSUS
IRELAND, [COUNTY], [PARISH] - CENSUS


== Census Indexes  ==
== Census Indexes  ==
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=== Street Indexes<br> ===
=== Street Indexes<br> ===


If you know the address of an ancestor who lived in a large city, street indexes can help you quickly find that ancestor's census record. Street indexes for the 1901 and 1911 census referencing streets in Dublin, Belfast, Cork, Limerick, Londonderry, and Waterford are available online and at the Family History Library under the title:
If you know the address of an ancestor who lived in a large city, street indexes can help you quickly find that ancestor's census record. Street indexes for the 1901 and 1911 census referencing streets in Dublin, Belfast, Cork, Limerick, Londonderry, and Waterford are available online and at the Family History Library under the title:  


*&nbsp;''Ireland 1901 and 1911 Census Street Index''. Typescript. 3 vols. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Department, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1982. (FHL book Ref 941.5 X22i; fiche 6035493-95.)
*&nbsp;''Ireland 1901 and 1911 Census Street Index''. Typescript. 3 vols. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Department, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1982. (FHL book Ref 941.5 X22i; fiche 6035493-95.)


These volumes can give you the microfilm number of the records where your street of interest appears. Street indexes do not exist for earlier Irish censuses.
These volumes can give you the microfilm number of the records where your street of interest appears. Street indexes do not exist for earlier Irish censuses.  


Follow these instructions to find census indexes.  
'''Follow these instructions to find census indexes.'''


#Go to [http://www.familysearch.org/ www.familysearch.org]
#Go to [http://www.familysearch.org/ www.familysearch.org]  
#Click on the link&nbsp;to the&nbsp;'''Family History Library Catalog'''.  
#Click on the link&nbsp;to the&nbsp;'''Family History Library Catalog'''.  
#Click '''Place Search'''.  
#Click '''Place Search'''.  
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'''How to use the records'''  
'''How to use the records'''  


#Click on the link for indexed cities listed below.  
#Click on the link for an indexed city listed below.  
#The street index is arranged alphabetically by street. Make note of the numbers associated with that street including the District Electoral Division (DED) number, and microfilm number. Pay close attention to the fact that numbers are listed for both 1901 and 1911, be sure to get the correct one.  
#The street index is arranged alphabetically by street. Make note of the numbers associated with that street including the District Electoral Division (DED) number, and microfilm number. Pay close attention to the fact that numbers are listed for both 1901 and 1911, be sure to get the correct one.  
#Order the microfilm into the LDS family history center near where you live.  
#Order the microfilm into the LDS family history center near where you live.  
#Use the DED number to find the portion of the microfilm where the street will be listed.
#Use the DED number to find the portion of the microfilm where the street will be listed.


=== '''Available street indexes''' ===
==== '''Available street indexes:''' ====


'''Belfast City Census.'''&nbsp;
{| height="87" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="219" border="0"
|-
| Belfast City
| Londonderry City
|-
| Cork City
| Waterford City
|-
| Dublin City
| Wexford City
|-
| Limerick City
|
|}


'''Cork City Census.'''
== Religious Census ==


'''Dublin City Census.'''
In addition to the official government censuses, religious censuses were taken at various times. For example, in 1766 the government required ministers of the Church of Ireland to compile a return of all heads of household in their parishes. The name of the head of household, the religion of each family, and the activities of Catholic clergy in the area were noted in this census. All the original returns were deposited in the Public Record Office, Dublin, and subsequently destroyed in 1922. Extensive transcripts survive for some areas and are deposited in local archives in Ireland. Copies of surviving transcripts are also available at the Family History Library.  


'''Limerick City Census.'''
Some ministers took censuses of their parish or congregation for their own purposes. These records are usually in the custody of local ministers. Copies of the records may have been deposited in an Irish archive as well.  


'''Londonderry City Census.'''
Surviving religious census records and sometimes the repositories where they are located are listed in:


'''Waterford City Census.'''
*Begley, Donal F., ed. Irish Genealogy: A Record Finder. Dublin, Ireland: Heraldic Artists, 1981. (FHL book Ref 941.5 D27i.)
*Grenham, John. Tracing Your Irish Ancestors: The Complete Guide. Dublin, Ireland: Gill and Macmillan, 1992. (FHL book Ref 941.5 D27gj.)
*McCarthy, Tony. The Irish Roots Guide. Dublin, Ireland: Lilliput Press, 1991. (FHL book 941.5 D27mt.)


'''Wexford City Census.'''
To determine which religious censuses are available at the Family History Library, consult the following sources:
 
*Smith, Frank. Smith's Inventory of Genealogical Sources: Ireland. (FHL book 941.5 D23s.) This source contains information about many published religious censuses, particularly those reprinted in periodicals and which may not appear in the Register of Ireland below.
*Register of Ireland Census and Census Substitutes. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1985. (FHL book Ref 941.5 X23c; film 1,441,023 item 1.) This library reference contains a county-by-county list of the library's religious census returns, along with their call numbers.
 
Religious census returns available at the Family History Library are also listed in the Place Search of the library catalog under the following headings:
 
IRELAND, [COUNTY] - CENSUS
 
IRELAND, [COUNTY], [PARISH] - CENSUS


== Census Substitutes  ==
== Census Substitutes  ==
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Tithe Applotment books, Griffith's Primary Valuation records, and later land valuation records are valuable census substitutes, because they record the names of the owners or occupiers of the land. For more information on these census substitutes, see the "[[Ireland Taxation|Taxation]]" section of this outline.  
Tithe Applotment books, Griffith's Primary Valuation records, and later land valuation records are valuable census substitutes, because they record the names of the owners or occupiers of the land. For more information on these census substitutes, see the "[[Ireland Taxation|Taxation]]" section of this outline.  


=== Web Sites  ===
== Web Sites  ==


http://www.ireland.com/ancestor/  
http://www.ireland.com/ancestor/  
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Waterford City Census Street Index 1901 and 1911:<br>http://www.englishorigins.com/help/popup-resarchives-io.htm  
Waterford City Census Street Index 1901 and 1911:<br>http://www.englishorigins.com/help/popup-resarchives-io.htm  


Wexford City Census Street Index 1901 and 1911:<br>http://homepage.eircom.net/~hi5holidays/famhist/ireland.html<br>
Wexford City Census Street Index 1901 and 1911:<br>http://homepage.eircom.net/~hi5holidays/famhist/ireland.html<br><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors -->
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[[Category:Ireland]]
[[Category:Ireland]]
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