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===Immigration into Bolivia=== | ===Immigration into Bolivia=== | ||
====Afro-Bolivians==== | ====Afro-Bolivians==== | ||
*The Afro-Bolivians are recognized as one of the constituent ethnic groups of Bolivia by the country's government, and are ceremonially led by a king who traces his descent back to a line of monarchs that reigned in Africa during the medieval period. They numbered 23,330 according to the 2012 census. | |||
*In 1544, the Spanish Conquistadors discovered the silver mines in Potosí. They began enslaving the natives as workers in the mines., but the health of the natives working in the mines became very poor. By the beginning of the 17th century, the Spanish mine owners and barons began bringing in African slaves in high numbers to help work the mines. | |||
*Many of these Native and African workers' lives were cut short because of the toxic smelter fumes and mercury vapors they inhaled. It is estimated that as many as eight million Africans and Natives died from working the mines between 1545 to 1825 from harsh conditions, including asbestos, toxic gases, cave-ins, and explosions. | |||
*After their emancipation in the 19th century, Afro-Bolivians would relocate to a place called '''the Yungas''', which is not far north from the city of La Paz. | |||
*It has been estimated that 25,000 Afro-Bolivians live in the Yungas. Afro-Bolivians spread to the east in '''Cochabamba and Santa Cruz de la Sierra'''. In Santa Cruz there are more Afro-Brazilians than Afro-Bolivians. <ref>"Afro-Brazilians", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Bolivians, accessed 17 May 2021.</ref> | |||
====Basque Bolivians==== | ====Basque Bolivians==== | ||
The Basques were a large source of Spanish and European immigration from the late 16th to early 20th centuries, most came as shepherds and ranchers to Bolivia's vast livestock industry.<ref>"Immigration to Bolivia", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Bolivia, accessed 17 May 2021.</ref> | The Basques were a large source of Spanish and European immigration from the late 16th to early 20th centuries, most came as shepherds and ranchers to Bolivia's vast livestock industry.<ref>"Immigration to Bolivia", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Bolivia, accessed 17 May 2021.</ref> | ||