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*Both the Dutch and the British imported '''African slaves''' as laborers to the city and colony; New York had the second-highest population of slaves after Charleston, South Carolina. Slavery was extensive in New York City and some agricultural areas. The state passed a law for the gradual abolition of slavery soon after the Revolutionary War, but the last slave in New York was not freed until 1827. | *Both the Dutch and the British imported '''African slaves''' as laborers to the city and colony; New York had the second-highest population of slaves after Charleston, South Carolina. Slavery was extensive in New York City and some agricultural areas. The state passed a law for the gradual abolition of slavery soon after the Revolutionary War, but the last slave in New York was not freed until 1827. | ||
*In the 1620s and 1630s, the '''Dutch and Walloons (French-speaking Belgians)''' settled in the Hudson Valley and on western Long Island. | *In the 1620s and 1630s, the '''Dutch and Walloons (French-speaking Belgians)''' settled in the Hudson Valley and on western Long Island. | ||
*'''German "Palatines"''' came in 1709/10 to the '''upper Hudson Valley, near present-day Germantown, Columbia County'''. Many had been lured to America after reading the "Golden Book," published by British authorities, to promote the colonization of America. After arriving in New York and working in the tar and naval stores industries to pay off their passage, they found themselves landless, and in an undeveloped wilderness. The British failed to keep their promise to grant each immigrant 40 acres of land for emigrating. Many ventured to the unsettled '''Schoharie Valley backcountry''' and purchased land from Indians. They established seven villages. <ref name="hank" /><ref>Henry Z. Jones, Ralph Connor, and Klaus Wust, ''German Origins of Jost Hite, Virginia Pioneer, 1685-1761'' (Edinburg, Va.: Shenandoah History, c1979). {{FHL|488732|item|disp=FHL Book 929.273 H637j}}.</ref> | |||
*Large numbers of '''Irish and Germans''' came to New York cities in the mid-1800s. The Irish tended to settle in New York and other large cities, such as Albany, and along the canal. Large numbers of Germans settled in New York City, Buffalo, and Rochester. | *Large numbers of '''Irish and Germans''' came to New York cities in the mid-1800s. The Irish tended to settle in New York and other large cities, such as Albany, and along the canal. Large numbers of Germans settled in New York City, Buffalo, and Rochester. | ||
*New York was the destination for millions of '''southern and eastern Europeans, especially Italians and Russian Jews''', from about 1890–1910. | *New York was the destination for millions of '''southern and eastern Europeans, especially Italians and Russian Jews''', from about 1890–1910. | ||