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Kiribati Languages: Difference between revisions
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'''Countries by number of Gilbertese speakers''' <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Gilbertese language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbertese_language#Countries_by_number_of_Gilbertese_speakers, accessed 2 February 2021.</ref> | '''Countries by number of Gilbertese speakers''' <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Gilbertese language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbertese_language#Countries_by_number_of_Gilbertese_speakers, accessed 2 February 2021.</ref> | ||
# Kiribati, 110,000 (2015 census) | |||
# Fiji, 5,300 cited 1988 | #Kiribati, 110,000 (2015 census) | ||
# Solomon Islands, 4,870 cited 1999 | #Fiji, 5,300 cited 1988 | ||
# New Zealand, 2,115 cited 2013 | #Solomon Islands, 4,870 cited 1999 | ||
# Nauru, 1,500, then 500 cited 2011 | #New Zealand, 2,115 cited 2013 | ||
# Tuvalu, 870 cited 1987 | #Nauru, 1,500, then 500 cited 2011 | ||
# Vanuatu, 400 | #Tuvalu, 870 cited 1987 | ||
# Hawaii, 141 (2010 US census) | #Vanuatu, 400 | ||
#Hawaii, 141 (2010 US census) | |||
==Word List(s)== | ==Word List(s)== | ||
* [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-gilbertese/en/gil/ Counting in Gilbertese] | |||
* [https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/kiribati.htm Useful phrases in Kiribati] | *[https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-gilbertese/en/gil/ Counting in Gilbertese] | ||
* [https://www.mpp.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/Kiribati-Language-Cards.pdf Useful words in Kiribati] | *[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/kiribati.htm Useful phrases in Kiribati] | ||
*[https://www.mpp.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/Kiribati-Language-Cards.pdf Useful words in Kiribati] | |||
==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ||
| Line 37: | Line 39: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ '''Gilbertese Spelling System''' | |+'''Gilbertese Spelling System''' | ||
! Letter | !Letter | ||
| A | |A | ||
| AA | |AA | ||
| B | |B | ||
! BW | !BW | ||
| E | |E | ||
| EE | |EE | ||
| I | |I | ||
| II | |II | ||
| K | |K | ||
| M | |M | ||
! MM | !MM | ||
! MW | !MW | ||
| N | |N | ||
! NN | !NN | ||
| NG | |NG | ||
! NGNG | !NGNG | ||
| O | |O | ||
| OO | |OO | ||
| R | |R | ||
| T | |T | ||
| U | |U | ||
| UU | |UU | ||
| W | |W | ||
|- align=center | |- align="center" | ||
| IPA | |IPA | ||
| /ä/ | |/ä/ | ||
| /äː/ | |/äː/ | ||
| /p/ | |/p/ | ||
| /pˠ/ | |/pˠ/ | ||
| /e/ | |/e/ | ||
| /eː/ | |/eː/ | ||
| /i/ | |/i/ | ||
| /iː/ | |/iː/ | ||
| /k/ | |/k/ | ||
| /m/ | |/m/ | ||
| /mː/ | |/mː/ | ||
| /mˠ/ | |/mˠ/ | ||
| /n/ | |/n/ | ||
| /nː/ | |/nː/ | ||
| /ŋ/ | |/ŋ/ | ||
| /ŋː/ | |/ŋː/ | ||
| /o/ | |/o/ | ||
| /oː/ | |/oː/ | ||
| /ɾ/ | |/ɾ/ | ||
| /t/ | |/t/ | ||
| /u/ | |/u/ | ||
| /uː/ | |/uː/ | ||
| /βˠ/ | |/βˠ/ | ||
|- | |||
|} | |||
* The letter T is very common, especially at the beginning of names. The uppercase cursive T can sometimes be confused with the unlikely P or S. Lower-case t is often written with the cross-bar shifted right, detached from the vertical stroke. | |||
* Lower-case g is the only letter with a down-stroke. It exists only in the combination ng (equivalent to ñ). | |||
* The cursive lower-case n and u are about equally common and are not easily distinguished; lower-case n and r are more distinguishable. | |||
== Months == | |||
English and Kiribati forms may exist in the same document. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|'''English''' | |||
|'''Gilbertese (Kiribati)''' | |||
|'''English''' | |||
|'''Gilbertese (Kiribati)''' | |||
|- | |||
|January | |||
|Tianuari | |||
|July | |||
|Turai | |||
|- | |||
|February | |||
|Beberuare | |||
|August | |||
|Aokati | |||
|- | |||
|March | |||
|Mati | |||
|September | |||
|Tebetembwa | |||
|- | |||
|April | |||
|Eberi | |||
|October | |||
|Okitobwa | |||
|- | |- | ||
|May | |||
|Mei | |||
|November | |||
|Nobembwa | |||
|- | |||
|June | |||
|Tun | |||
|December | |||
|Ritembwa | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Names == | |||
* Strings of vowels (3 or more) are common. | |||
* Names frequently include repeated syllables, e.g. ''bwebwe'' or ''teitei.'' | |||
* In foreign-inspired names where a J might be expected, Kiribati uses I or T. | |||
* In foreign-inspired names where an L might be expected, Kiribati uses R. | |||
* Prefixes, esp. Te, may run into the given name; watch for a capital letter following Te to start the actual name. | |||
* Before the late 20<sup>th</sup> century only a given name is typically given. Later, a patronymic (father’s given name) is often added. | |||
* Watch for apostrophes placed between letters within names. | |||
==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ||
'''Language Aids''' | '''Language Aids''' | ||
* [https://www.worldcat.org/title/outlines-of-a-grammar-of-the-gilbert-islands-language/oclc/8375449&referer=brief_results Outlines of a grammar of the Gilbert Islands language] | |||
* [https://www.worldcat.org/title/structure-of-gilbertese/oclc/8480735&referer=brief_results The structure of Gilbertese] | *[https://www.worldcat.org/title/outlines-of-a-grammar-of-the-gilbert-islands-language/oclc/8375449&referer=brief_results Outlines of a grammar of the Gilbert Islands language] | ||
* [https://www.worldcat.org/title/gilbertese-grammar-and-vocabulary/oclc/8480818&referer=brief_results A Gilbertese grammar and vocabulary] | *[https://www.worldcat.org/title/structure-of-gilbertese/oclc/8480735&referer=brief_results The structure of Gilbertese] | ||
* [https://www.worldcat.org/title/simplified-gilbertese-grammar/oclc/8351825&referer=brief_results Simplified Gilbertese grammar] | *[https://www.worldcat.org/title/gilbertese-grammar-and-vocabulary/oclc/8480818&referer=brief_results A Gilbertese grammar and vocabulary] | ||
* [https://www.worldcat.org/title/vocabulary-of-english-gilbertese-ellice-common-usage/oclc/6999388&referer=brief_results A vocabulary of English, Gilbertese, Ellice common usage] | *[https://www.worldcat.org/title/simplified-gilbertese-grammar/oclc/8351825&referer=brief_results Simplified Gilbertese grammar] | ||
*[https://www.worldcat.org/title/vocabulary-of-english-gilbertese-ellice-common-usage/oclc/6999388&referer=brief_results A vocabulary of English, Gilbertese, Ellice common usage] | |||
'''Online Language Aids''' | '''Online Language Aids''' | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbertese_language#Grammar Gilbertese Language Grammer] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbertese_language#Grammar Gilbertese Language Grammer] | ||
*[http://www.trussel.com/f_kir.htm#Gil Kiribati Language Lessons (Peace Corps Series)] | *[http://www.trussel.com/f_kir.htm#Gil Kiribati Language Lessons (Peace Corps Series)] | ||
*[[:File:Kiribati (a.k.a. Gilbertese) Reading Vital Records Helps.pdf|Kiribati (a.k.a. Gilbertese) Reading Vital Records Helps]] | |||
'''Dictionaries''' | '''Dictionaries''' | ||
* [https://www.worldcat.org/title/gilbertese-english-dictionary/oclc/868020685&referer=brief_results A Gilbertese-English dictionary] | |||
* [https://www.worldcat.org/title/gilbertese-samoan-and-english-dictionary/oclc/416611774&referer=brief_results Gilbertese, Samoan and English dictionary] | *[https://www.worldcat.org/title/gilbertese-english-dictionary/oclc/868020685&referer=brief_results A Gilbertese-English dictionary] | ||
*[https://www.worldcat.org/title/gilbertese-samoan-and-english-dictionary/oclc/416611774&referer=brief_results Gilbertese, Samoan and English dictionary] | |||
'''Online Dictionaries''' | '''Online Dictionaries''' | ||
*[http://www.trussel.com/kir/dic/dic_a.htm A Combined Kiribati-English Dictionary] | *[http://www.trussel.com/kir/dic/dic_a.htm A Combined Kiribati-English Dictionary] | ||
*[https://www.y2kleader.com/kiribati/index.html I-Kiribati Dictionary] | *[https://www.y2kleader.com/kiribati/index.html I-Kiribati Dictionary] | ||
==Additional Resources== | ==Additional Resources== | ||
* [https://www.trussel.com/kir/lesintro.htm KIRIBATI (Gilbertese) - COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE HANDBOOK] | |||
* Kinaua Ewels, '''''I want to read and speak Kiribati''''', Auckland, N.Z. : Polygraphia, 2007 - [https://www.worldcat.org/title/i-want-to-read-and-speak-kiribati/oclc/190826045&referer=brief_results Available at WorldCat] | *[https://www.trussel.com/kir/lesintro.htm KIRIBATI (Gilbertese) - COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE HANDBOOK] | ||
*Kinaua Ewels, '''''I want to read and speak Kiribati''''', Auckland, N.Z. : Polygraphia, 2007 - [https://www.worldcat.org/title/i-want-to-read-and-speak-kiribati/oclc/190826045&referer=brief_results Available at WorldCat] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
[[Category:Kiribati]] | [[Category:Kiribati]] | ||
<references /> | |||