Arabic Naming Customs: Difference between revisions

Arabic Naming Customs (view source)

Revision as of 20:36, 9 March 2021

6,781 bytes added , 9 March 2021

m

→‎Surnames

VisualWikitext

Hanna5974

318,531

edits

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 *[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/arabic '''Behind the Name: Arabic Given Names''']
 *[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/arabic-naming2.htm '''Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices (2nd edition)''']
 ==Surnames==
@@ Line 29: / Line 30: @@
 However, not all Arab countries use the name in its full length, but conventionally use two- and three-word names, and sometimes four-word names in official or legal matters. Thus the first name is the personal name, the middle name is the father's name and the last name is the family name.<ref>"Arabic name", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_name, accessed 9 March 2021.</ref>
+.2 Arab Muslims often use names derived from Islam, e.g. Muhammad, as well as
+traditional Arab names, e.g. Faris. Amongst Arab Christians, Biblical or Western names are
+popular. However, an Arab Christian may have the same name as an Arab Muslim.
+.3 Arab names can be legitimately given in many different versions on different
+occasions. Different components indicate a person’s lineage or a family’s origins:
+a. commonly used first components:
+personal name + father’s personal name + grandfather’s personal name
+e.g. Ahmad Husain Muhammad
+b. a family name is also often used, e.g. AL-MASRI. The use of a family name is
+becoming more widespread. A very common Arab naming structure today is:
+personal name + father’s personal name + family name
+e.g. Fahd Abdul-Aziz AL-SHAMMARI
+ c. the following elements may also be used in the fuller version of an Arab name:
+ i. ancestral name (see 17.7.a) e.g. ibn Sau’d;
+ ii. honorific name as parent (see 17.7.b) e.g. Abu Mustafa, Umm Mustafa.
+Personal names
+.4 An Arab typically has just one personal name. This may be simple, e.g. Husain,
+Muhammad, or may be a compound. Compound names should not be separated, e.g:
+a. names beginning with Abd / Abd al / Abdul (‘servant/servant of’) combined
+with one of the names of Allah (‘God’): e.g. Abd Ullah / Abdullah
+ Abd al-Rahman / Abdul-Rahman
+ Abd al-Aziz / Abdul-Aziz;
+b. names ending in al-din / ad-din / el-din / eddin / uddin (‘of the religion’):
+e.g. Noor-al-din / Nooreddin;
+c. names ending in -allah (‘God’): e.g. Habiballah / Habib-allah.
+Use of IBN/BIN/BINT
+.5 The father’s and grandfather’s personal names can be preceded by IBN or BIN (BEN
+or OULD / WULD in North Africa) meaning ‘son of’, or female equivalent BINT for ‘daughter
+of’. This practice is particularly common in the Gulf States, the Arabian Peninsula, and some
+parts of North Africa, where names can often include at least five or six generations of
+ancestry:
+e.g. Ahmad bin Husain bin Muhammad
+ -Ahmad son of Husain (who in turn is) son of Muhammad
+Family name
+.6 A family name frequently begins with AL-, or EL- (see 17.17.a), e.g. AL-QADHAFI,
+but the family name can also be written without it, i.e. QADHAFI. Some family names are
+derived from geographical place names, e.g. AL-TIKRITI (from Tikrit), AL-BAGHDADI (from
+Baghdad), AL-MASRI (‘the Egyptian’), and can indicate a family’s origins.
+Other components
+.7 The following components may also be included in a full version of an Arabic name:
+a. ancestral name: derived from an honoured ancestor, this name typically
+begins with Al- or ibn:
+e.g. Al-Husain, ibn Sau’d;
+b. honorific title as parent: Abu… (N. Africa Bu / Bou) meaning ‘father of…’ and
+Umm… meaning ‘mother of…’ can be added to the beginning of a name in
+conjunction with the name of the individual’s eldest child, usually the eldest
+son:
+e.g. Abu Muhammad - ‘father of Muhammad’
+ Umm Muhammad - ‘mother of Muhammad’.
+N.B. Abu can also be used as part of a name to signify possession of a
+quality or feature, e.g. Abu al-Fadl (‘father of merit’).
+.8 All of these various elements can be used in a name in different, legitimate,
+variations, although the personal name will almost always be included. For example, the
+same man may be called:
+Ahmad Husain
+Ahmad Husain Muhammad
+Ahmad bin Husain bin Muhammad
+Ahmad Husain Muhammad ibn Sa’ud AL-TIKRITI
+Ahmad Husain AL-TIKRITI
+Abu Muhammad Ahmad Husain
+Abu Muhammad (unlikely on official documents)
+Familial relationships
+.9 Traditionally, Arab Muslim women do not alter their name upon marriage, although
+some women may adopt their husband’s family name. The titles Haram, Hurma or Hurmat
+in front of a name mean ‘wife of’:
+e.g. Hurma Mustafa Muhammad - ‘wife of Mustafa Muhammad’.
+.10 Parents may be simply referred to as Umm… (‘mother of …’), or Abu… (‘father of
+…’) in their community (see 17.7.b and 17.8). This is unlikely to appear on official
+documents.
+.11 As a family name is not always used, and many Arab names are very common, it is
+difficult to identify a family relationship through names alone.
+Titles
+.12 The following titles can also be used with an Arab name:
+Mr Sayyed / Al-Sayyed / Sidi (latter in Western Arabic countries,
+ e.g. Algeria, Morocco)
+Mrs Sayyeda / Al-Sayyeda
+Miss Anesa / Anisa / Al-Anisa
+.13 There are also additional titles of respect/religious significance:
+a. al-Shaikh / Shaikh: a courtesy title for chiefs or heads of Arab or
+ Muslim religious groups;
+ b. al-Sharif: a title meaning ‘honourable’, still used in the Arabian peninsula,
+ Jordan, and parts of North Africa;
+ c. al-Hajj / Haj / Hajji / Hadj: a title indicating that the holder has undertaken the
+ pilgrimage to Mecca;
+ d. al-Muhandis / Muhandis: a title given to an engineer or mathematician.
+Unique characteristics
+.14 The following naming practices should also be noted:
+ a. some regions, such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Jordan and Yemen tend to
+use a fixed version of a name, with emphasis on the family name:
+ e.g. Muhammad Hafiz Ahmad AL-TIKRITI;
+ b. other regions, such as Egypt, Lebanon and Sudan tend to have names which
+appear in various forms more frequently and often include only the father’s
+and grandfather’s name:
+ e.g. Ahmad Hafiz Ibrahim / Ahmad Hafiz;
+ c. some regions of North Africa, such as Algeria and Morocco, tend to use
+simply a personal name and family name:
+ e.g. Muhammad AL-SUBARI.
+Variations
+.15 There are many legitimate variant spellings of Arabic names when they appear in
+English and the same individual’s name could appear in many different ways. Usually
+the principal consonants remain in various spellings.
+.16 Contractions are common. The same Arabic name could be spelled as one, two or
+even three words in English:
+ e.g. Sal-ad-Din / Sal-Addin / Saladdin
+ Abd al-Rahman / Abdul-Rahman / Abdurrahman.
+.17 Examples of spelling variations in common Arabic names:
+ a. EL- and AL- are interchangeable and the hyphen may not always be written:
+ e.g. AL-SHAMMARI / ALSHAMMARI / EL-SHAMMARI;
+ b. Muhammad: Muhammed, Mohammed, Mouhammad, Mohammad,
+ Mohamed, M’hamed, Muhamed, Imhammed, Muhamad,
+ Mihemmid, Muhummad, Mohamoud, Maxamud
+ (see 2. Somali), Abbreviations: Md., Mohd.;
+ c. Said: Saida, Sayid, Sad, Asad, Suad, Sahid, Saad, Saud, Sayyid,
+ Saeed, El-Sayed, Sayyed, Sed, Seyed;
+ d. Ahmad: Ahmed, Achmed, Ahmet, Hahmed, Amad, Emad, Maged;
+e. Husain: Husein, Huseyin, Hussain, Hossein, Huseyn, Hassin,
+Hussein, Hassen, Hosein, Hassan, Xusseen (see 2. Somali);
+f. Jamal: Jameel, Jemal, Jammal, Gamal (especially in Egypt),
+Djamal (especially in Lebanon, Syria & North Africa);
+ g. Mustafa: Mustapha, Mostafa, Moustafa, Mustaffa, Mostefa, Mustefa.
 ==Given Names==