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In '''Odisha and West Bengal''', surnames denote the caste they belong. There are also several local surnames like Das, Patnaik, Mohanty, Jena etc. | In '''Odisha and West Bengal''', surnames denote the caste they belong. There are also several local surnames like Das, Patnaik, Mohanty, Jena etc. | ||
In '''Kerala, '''surnames denote the | In '''Kerala, '''surnames denote the caste they belong. There are also several local surnames like nair, menon , panikkar etc. | ||
It is a common in '''Kerala, Tamil Nadu''', and some other parts of South India that the spouse adopts her husband's first name instead of his family or surname name after marriage.[10] | It is a common in '''Kerala, Tamil Nadu''', and some other parts of South India that the spouse adopts her husband's first name instead of his family or surname name after marriage.[10] | ||
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*'''Place names or names derived from places of ancestral origin''' (Aluru, Marwari, Gavaskar, Gaonkar, Mangeshkar, Kapoor, Wamankar, Kokradi, Karnad, Sandhu, Medukonduru, Rachapalli). | *'''Place names or names derived from places of ancestral origin''' (Aluru, Marwari, Gavaskar, Gaonkar, Mangeshkar, Kapoor, Wamankar, Kokradi, Karnad, Sandhu, Medukonduru, Rachapalli). | ||
*'''The father's first name''' is used as a surname in certain Southern states, such as Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Spouses and children take on the first name of the father as their last name or 'surname'. | *'''The father's first name''' is used as a surname in certain Southern states, such as Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Spouses and children take on the first name of the father as their last name or 'surname'. | ||
Muslim surnames generally follow the same rules used in Pakistan. Khan is among the most popular surnames, often signifying Afghan/Central Asian descent. | *'''Muslim surnames''' generally follow the same rules used in Pakistan. Khan is among the most popular surnames, often signifying Afghan/Central Asian descent. | ||
*'''Bestowed titles or other honorifics''': titles bestowed by kings, rajas, nawabs and other nobles before the British Raj (Wali, Rai, Rao, Thakur, Gain/Gayen, Panicker, Vallikappen, Moocken, etc.) and those bestowed by the British (Rai, Bahadur). | *'''Bestowed titles or other honorifics''': titles bestowed by kings, rajas, nawabs and other nobles before the British Raj (Wali, Rai, Rao, Thakur, Gain/Gayen, Panicker, Vallikappen, Moocken, etc.) and those bestowed by the British (Rai, Bahadur). | ||