Jump to content

Czechia Naming Customs: Difference between revisions

Czechia Naming Customs (view source)

Revision as of 00:28, 11 February 2025

5,327 bytes added ,  11 February
Corrected subject vs. keywords lookups for FSC.
VisualWikitext
(Corrected subject vs. keywords lookups for FSC.)
(97 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Czech Republic-sidebar}}
{{CountrySidebar
{{breadcrumb
|Country=Czechia
| link1=[[Czech Republic Genealogy|Czech Republic]]
|Name=Czechia
|Type=Topic
|Topic Type=Background
|Background=Naming Customs
|Rating=Standardized
}}{{breadcrumb
| link1=[[Czechia Genealogy|Czechia]]
| link2=
| link2=
| link3=
| link3=
| link4=
| link4=
| link5=[[Czech Republic Personal Names|Personal Names]]
| link5=[[Czechia Naming Customs|Naming Customs]]
}}  
}}  


==Introduction to Personal Names==
==Online Tools==
===Language Variation===
*[https://www.kdejsme.cz/ '''Kde Jsme'''] Surname Distribution Map
====Given Name Variation====
*[[Given Name Equivalents in the Austro-Hungarian Empire|'''Given Name Equivalents''']] This table, based on the resource [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS8L-TQ27-6 Słownik imion], alphabetizes names in Latin, with equivalents in other languages, including Czech.
Many old documents and certificates that surface when searching through family papers will be written in '''German or Latin.''' Because of the many languages encountered in Czech records, it is not unusual to see several variations of an ancestor's name depending on the language of the record. An ancestor may appear as ''Wenceslaus'' in his Latin birth record, as ''Wenzel'' in his German marriage record, and as ''Václav'' in the Czech birth records of his children.  
*[http://www.20000-names.com/male_czechoslovakian_names.htm '''Male Czech Names, Slovak Names, Bohemian Names, Czechoslovakian Names''']
*[http://www.20000-names.com/female_czechoslovakian_names.htm '''Female Czech Names, Slovak Names, Bohemian Names, Czechoslovakian Names''']
*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/czech '''Behind the Name: Czech Given Names''']
*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/slovak '''Behind the Name: Slovak Given Names''']
*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/czech '''Behind the Name: Czech Surnames''']
*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/slovak '''Behind the Name: Slovak Surnames''']
*[https://www.prijmeni.cz/ '''Modern Czech surname distribution''']
*[https://www.familysearch.org/en/surname Surname experience] at FamilySearch - search by surname to learn its meaning and origin


Another example is the Czech name ''Vojtěch''; in German it is ''Albrecht''; in Latin, ''Adalbertus''. Fortunately, not all names differ so markedly. The Latin ''Josephus'' is easily recognized as Czech ''Josef''. A listing of given names with translations in English, Czech, Latin and German is found on the Wiki.  
==Surnames==
====Surname Variation====
Czech names are composed of a given name and a family name (surname). Czechs typically get one given name – additional names may be chosen by themselves upon baptism but they generally use one. With marriage, the bride typically adopts the bridegroom's surname. <ref name="Czech">"Czech name", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_name, accessed 25 February 2021.</ref>
====Surname Language Variation====
*Surnames may also be affected by the language in which the record was written.  
*Surnames may also be affected by the language in which the record was written.  
*Some priests simply '''translated the surname into the language of the church register'''. For example, the Czech surname ''Černý'' could be translated to ''Schwarz''. Similarly, ''Nový, Novák, Nováček, Novotný'', and ''Novotníček'' could be translated into German as ''Neumann''.  
*Some priests simply '''translated the surname into the language of the church register'''. For example, the Czech surname ''Černý'' could be translated to ''Schwarz''. Similarly, ''Nový, Novák, Nováček, Novotný'', and ''Novotníček'' could be translated into German as ''Neumann''.  
*Usually surnames were not translated, but simply '''altered to fit the phonetic spelling and grammar of the language used in the parish register'''. It is not uncommon to see Czech surnames changed according to German spelling rules. Thus we find ''Čermák - Tschermak'', ''Šebek - Schebek'', ''Havlíček - Hawlitzek''. Likewise, German surnames often are seen with Czech spellings: ''Schultz - Šulc'', ''Schreier - Šrajer'', ''Schmidt - Šmid''.  
*Usually surnames were not translated, but simply '''altered to fit the phonetic spelling and grammar of the language used in the parish register'''. It is not uncommon to see Czech surnames changed according to German spelling rules. Thus we find ''Čermák - Tschermak'', ''Šebek - Schebek'', ''Havlíček - Hawlitzek''. Likewise, German surnames often are seen with Czech spellings: ''Schultz - Šulc'', ''Schreier - Šrajer'', ''Schmidt - Šmid''.  
*Grammatically, there are two types of surnames: nouns and adjectives. Surname endings will vary according to the gender of the person. Female surnames are usually feminized with the basic endings: '''-ová''' or '''-á'''.  
*Grammatically, there are two types of surnames: nouns and adjectives. Surname endings will vary according to the gender of the person. Female surnames are usually feminized with the basic endings: '''-ová''' or '''-á'''.  
====Inflection====
 
 
===Inflection===
*In English some words have different endings depending upon how they are used in a sentence. A few examples of this are they-their-them, he-his-him, and who-whose-whom. This changing of words according to grammatical usage is called inflection. '''Czech is a Slavic language and as such is extremely inflective'''.  
*In English some words have different endings depending upon how they are used in a sentence. A few examples of this are they-their-them, he-his-him, and who-whose-whom. This changing of words according to grammatical usage is called inflection. '''Czech is a Slavic language and as such is extremely inflective'''.  
*All nouns and adjectives, including names of people and places, are subject to changes that can be a source of confusion to anyone not familiar with this language and their complicated grammar. Here are some examples:  
*All nouns and adjectives, including names of people and places, are subject to changes that can be a source of confusion to anyone not familiar with this language and their complicated grammar. Here are some examples:  
Line 27: Line 43:
*'''z Prahy''' = from Praha (Prague); '''v Praze''' = in Praha; '''do Prahy''' = to Praha <span style="color:red">This demonstrates how extremely inflective the language is. </span>
*'''z Prahy''' = from Praha (Prague); '''v Praze''' = in Praha; '''do Prahy''' = to Praha <span style="color:red">This demonstrates how extremely inflective the language is. </span>


==Surnames==
===Inflection Differences in Male and Female Surnames===
 
===Surnames Historical Development===
*Before record keeping began, most people had only one name, such as John.
*As the population increased, it became necessary to distinguish between individuals with the same name. The problem was usually solved by adding descriptive information. John became John the smith, John the son of Matthew, John the short, or John from Prague.
*At first surnames applied only to one person, not to the whole family. After a few generations, these names became hereditary and were passed on from generation to generation.
*Surnames developed from several sources. For example:
**'''Occupational'''
**'''Geographical'''
**'''Patronymic'''
**'''Descriptive''' or '''nickname''' (such as Joy or Child)
*The '''nobility and wealthy land owners''' were the first to begin using surnames.
*'''Merchants and townspeople''' then adopted the custom, as did the '''rural population'''. This process took two or three centuries.
 
===Male and Female Surnames===


Czech surnames are affected by gender. For example, a woman's surname must have a feminine ending. Although all surnames are nouns, they come from various parts of speech; adjectives and nouns. Surname endings vary according to the type of surname, i.e. whether from a noun or adjective, and the gender of the person.  
Czech surnames are affected by gender. For example, a woman's surname must have a feminine ending. Although all surnames are nouns, they come from various parts of speech; adjectives and nouns. Surname endings vary according to the type of surname, i.e. whether from a noun or adjective, and the gender of the person.  
Line 47: Line 49:
'''Names from Adjectives'''  
'''Names from Adjectives'''  


Most adjective surnames end in '''-ý''' for males and '''-á''' for females.  
1.  Most adjective surnames end in '''-ý''' for males and '''-á''' for females.  


{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|-
|style="padding-right: 100px"|
'''''Male'''''
|
|
''Male''<br>Černý<br>Novotný<br>Veselý<br>Palacký<br>
'''''Female'''''
 
|-
|
|Černý
''Female''<br>Černá<br>Novotná<br>Veselá<br>Palacká<br>
|Černá
 
|-
|Novotný
|Novotná
|-
|Veselý
|Veselá
|-
|Palacký
|Palacká  
|}
|}


Other types of adjective surnames end in '''-í''' and in '''-ů'''. These surnames are the same for females as for males.  
2.  Other types of adjective surnames end in '''-í''' and in '''-ů'''. These surnames are the same for females as for males.  


{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|-
|style="padding-right: 100px"|
'''''Male'''''
|
|
''Male''<br>Krejčí<br>Jirků<br>
'''''Female'''''
 
|-
|
|Krejčí
''Female''<br>Krejčí<br>Jirků<br>
|Krejčí
 
|-
|Jirků
|Jirků
|}
|}


'''Names from Nouns'''  
'''Names from Nouns'''  


Noun surnames end with a consonant or a short vowel (a vowel that doesn't have an accent mark). Noun surnames are feminized by adding the ending '''-ová'''.  
1.  Noun surnames end with a consonant or a short vowel (a vowel that doesn't have an accent mark). Noun surnames are feminized by adding the ending '''-ová'''.  


{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|-
|style="padding-right: 100px"|
'''''Male'''''
|
|
''Male''<br>Novák<br>Haneš<br>Bartoš<br>Havlík<br>Krk<br>Šlytr<br>
'''''Female'''''
|-
|Novák
|Nováková
|-
|Haneš
|Hanešová
|-
|Bartoš
|Bartošová
|-
|Havlík
|Havlíková
|-
|Krk
|Krková
|-
|Šlytr
|Šlytrová
|}


2.  Surnames that end with an '''-a''', '''-e''', or '''-o''' drop the final letter before adding the '''-ová'''.
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|style="padding-right: 100px"|
'''''Male'''''
|
|
''Female''<br>Nováková<br>Hanešová<br>Bartošová<br>Havlíková<br>Krková<br>Šlytrová<br>
'''''Female'''''
 
|-
|Kučera
|Kučerová
|-
|Homolka
|Homolková
|-
|Housle
|Houslová
|-
|Mičko
|Mičková
|-
|Štýblo
|Štýblová
|}
|}


Surnames that end with an '''-a''', '''-e''', or '''-o''' drop the final letter before adding the '''-ová'''.  
3.  Surnames ending with '''-ě''' are quite uncommon. These usually simply drop the '''-ě''' before adding the '''-ová'''. Some however keep the '''-ě''' and add a '''-t-''' before adding the '''-ová'''.  


{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|-
|style="padding-right: 100px"|
'''''Male'''''
|
|
''Male''<br>Kučera<br>Homolka<br>Housle<br>Mičko<br>Štýblo<br>
'''''Female'''''
 
|-
|Bechyně
|Bechyňová
|-
|Vlčiště
|Vlčišťová
|-
|'''''but'''''
|
|
''Female''<br>Kučerová<br>Homolková<br>Houslová<br>Mičková<br>Štýblová<br>
|-
 
|Ditě
|Ditětová
|-
|Hrabě
|Hrabětová
|}
|}


Surnames ending with '''-ě''' are quite uncommon. These usually simply drop the '''-ě''' before adding the '''-ová'''. Some however keep the '''-ě''' and add a '''-t-''' before adding the '''-ová'''.  
4.  Surnames that end in '''-ec''' or '''-ek''' (or rarely '''-ev''' or '''-el''') drop the '''-e-''' before adding the '''-ová'''.  


{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|-
|style="padding-right: 100px"|
'''''Male'''''
|
|
''Male''<br>Bechyně<br>Vlčiště<br>''but''<br>Ditě<br>Hrabě<br>
'''''Female'''''
|-
|Moravec
|Moravcová
|-
|Šálek
|Šálková
|-
|Horáček
|Horáčková
|-
|Broškev
|Broškvová
|-
|Mandel
|Mandlová or Mandelová
|}
 
5.  Uncommon surnames ending with '''-ĕk''' or '''-ĕc''' may or may not drop the '''-ĕ-'''.


{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|style="padding-right: 100px"|
'''''Male'''''
|
|
''Female''<br>Bechyňová<br>Vlčišťová<br><br>Ditětová<br>Hrabětová<br>
'''''Female'''''
 
|-
|Danĕk
|Daňková or Danĕková
|-
|Bartonĕc
|Bartoňcová or Bartonĕcová
|}
|}


Surnames that end in '''-ec''' or '''-ek''' (or rarely '''-ev''' or '''-el''') drop the '''-e-''' before adding the '''-ová'''.  
6.  In many cases, even German and Hungarian names are subjected to the '''-ová''' ending.  


{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|-
|style="padding-right: 100px"|
'''''Male'''''
|
|
''Male''<br>Moravec<br>Šálek<br>Horáček<br>Broškev<br>Mandel<br>
'''''Female'''''
|-
|Wagner
|Wagnerová
|-
|Nagy
|Nagyová
|}
 


|
''Female''<br>Moravcová<br>Šálková<br>Horáčková<br>Broškvová<br>Mandlová or Mandelová<br>


|}
===Surnames Historical Development===
*Before record keeping began, most people had only one name, such as John.
*As the population increased, it became necessary to distinguish between individuals with the same name. The problem was usually solved by adding descriptive information. John became John the smith, John the son of Matthew, John the short, or John from Prague.
*At first surnames applied only to one person, not to the whole family. After a few generations, these names became hereditary and were passed on from generation to generation.
*Surnames developed from several sources. For example:
**'''Occupational'''
**'''Geographical'''
**'''Patronymic'''
**'''Descriptive''' or '''nickname'''
*The '''nobility and wealthy land owners''' were the first to begin using surnames.
*'''Merchants and townspeople''' then adopted the custom, as did the '''rural population'''. This process took two or three centuries.
<br>
 
While Czechs share relatively few given names — roughly 260 names have a frequency above 500 in Czechia — there are tens of thousands of Czech surnames (singular and plural: ''příjmení''). These are similar in origin to English ones and may reflect:
* a personal characteristic of someone's ancestor (such as ''Malý'' – "small", ''Veselý'' – "cheerful", ''Železný'' – "iron")
* occupation (''Kovář'' – "blacksmith", ''Kolář'' – "wheeler", ''Sedlák'' – "landowning farmer", ''Kočí'' – "coachman")
* the first name of a relative (''Marek'' – "Mark", ''David'', ''Eliáš'' – "Elias")
* animals (''Liška'' – "fox", ''Zajíc'' – "hare", ''Jelínek'' – "little deer", ''Ježek'' – "hedgehog", ''Kocourek'' – "little tomcat")
* especially birds (''Sokol'' – "falcon", ''Čermák'' – "black redstart", ''Kalous'' – "asio", ''Sýkora'' – "titmouse", ''Holub'' – "pigeon", ''Čáp'' – "stork")
* plants (''Konvalinka'' – "lily of the valley", ''Růžička'' – "little rose", ''Fiala'' – "violet", ''Javor'' – "maple")
* especially fruits and vegetables (''Jahoda'' – "strawberry", ''Hruška'' – "pear", ''Cibulka'' – "little onion")
* food (''Oliva'' – "olive", ''Makovec'' – "poppy cake", ''Slanina'' – "bacon")
* places of origin (''Slezák'' – "Silesian", ''Moravec'' – "Moravian", ''Němec'' – "German")
** also in a form of adjectives (''Rosický'' – "of Rosice", ''Nepomucký'' – "of Nepomuk")
* actions, usually in past simple (''Musil'' – "(he) had to", ''Pospíšil'' – "(he) hurried up", ''Zdražil'' – "(he) raised the price", ''Hrabal'' – "(he) raked")
* things (''Procházka'' – "stroll", ''Chalupa'' – "cottage", ''Svačina'' – "snack", ''Kučera'' – "a curl of hair")
* and many others<ref name="Czech"/>
 
====Alias Surnames====
 
Some families, especially in Southern Bohemia and Moravian Wallachia, used alias surnames. You may find these families listed under both surnames in the parish registers or one or the other. Sometimes some children are listed under one surname, and others under the original. Aliases were used to differentiate between branches of a family that are all living in the same village, or to differentiate between unrelated families with common surnames, such as Novák (which simply means new person in the village). Sometimes a man would take the surname of his wife as an alias surname, or the name of the builder of their house. For a more in-depth discussion of alias surnames, see [http://czechgenealogy.nase-koreny.cz/2012/11/surnames-after-roof.html this article].


Uncommon surnames ending with '''-ĕk''' or '''-ĕc''' may or may not drop the '''-ĕ-'''.
If you see one of these terms in between two surnames, it is indicating the use of an alias surname:


{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
'''aliter''' ''(Latin) ='' or/else
|-
|
''Male''<br>Danĕk<br>Bartonĕc<br>


|
'''jinak''' ''(Czech) ='' otherwise
''Female''<br>Daňková or Danĕková<br>Bartoňcová or Bartonĕcová<br>


|}
'''neb''' ''(Czech) ='' or


In many cases, even German and Hungarian names are subjected to the '''-ová''' ending.
'''recte''' ''(Latin)='' correctly


{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
'''správně''' ''(Czech) ='' correctly
|-
|
''Male''<br>Wagner<br>Nagy<br>


|
'''subdita''' ''(Latin) ='' substitute
''Female''<br>Wagnerová<br>Nagyová<br>


|}
'''vel''' ''(Latin) ='' also


=== Surname Distribution Map ===
'''vulgo''' ''(Latin) ='' called
The website [https://www.kdejsme.cz/ Kde Jsme] (Where are we?) is a database of surnames and given names in the Czech Republic, with maps for each name showing thedistirbution of people with that name, based on data from the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic. This resource can be helpful in narrowing down the location where your ancestor may have come from.


==Given Names==
==Given Names==
Line 154: Line 284:
In the Czech lands, the major source of given names was the names of Roman Catholic saints. Many of these were borrowed from foreign sources including names of Greek, Latin, Hebrew and German origin.  
In the Czech lands, the major source of given names was the names of Roman Catholic saints. Many of these were borrowed from foreign sources including names of Greek, Latin, Hebrew and German origin.  


Other names are of purely Slavic origin. Among these the most popular were compound names which consist of two Slavic roots joined together. The following list gives the meanings of most of the various Slavic prefixes and suffixes.  
=== Słownik imion (Dictionary of names) ===
 
In many Czech records, given names are translated into Latin or German. One of the best resources to identify the Czech (or other language) version of a Latin name is the  [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS8L-TQ27-6 '''Słownik imion'''], or dictionary of names. This information has been indexed into a searchable [[Given Name Equivalents in the Austro-Hungarian Empire|'''online table''']]. A digital copy of the book is available [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS8L-TQ27-6 online]. An [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS8L-TQKT-S index] to all variant names is located at the [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS8L-TQKT-S back of the book].


===Prefix Roots===
===Prefix Roots===
For names that are of purely Slavic origin, the most popular were compound names which consist of two Slavic roots joined together. The following list gives the meanings of most of the various Slavic prefixes and suffixes.


{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|-
|
|'''Czech Prefix'''
Blaho-<br>Bohu-<br>Bole-<br>Bor-<br>Boži-<br>Brani-<br>Breti-<br>Broni-<br>Dali-<br>Dobro-<br>Draho-<br>Hori-<br>Hosti-<br>Hvězdo-<br>Jaro-<br>Krasno-<br>Kraso-<br>Křeso-<br>Květo-<br>Ladi-<br>Libo-<br>Lido-<br>Lubo-<br>Ludo-<br>Luti-<br>Milo-<br>Miro-<br>Msti-<br>Radi-<br>Rati-<br>Rosti-<br>Slavo-<br>Sobě<br>Stani-<br>Svato-<br>Sveto-<br>Světlo-<br>Vac-<br>Vit-<br>Vladi-<br>Vlasti-<br>Voj-<br>Vrati-<br>Zby-<br>Zde-<br>Zeli-<br>Zito-<br>
|'''Meaning'''
|'''Czech Prefix'''
|'''Meaning'''
|-
|style="padding-right: 100px"|
Blaho-<br>Bohu-<br>Bole-<br>Bor-<br>Boži-<br>Brani-<br>Breti-<br>Broni-<br>Dali-<br>Dobro-<br>Draho-<br>Hori-<br>Hosti-<br>Hvězdo-<br>Jaro-<br>Krasno-<br>Kraso-<br>Křeso-<br>Květo-<br>Ladi-<br>Libo-<br>Lido-<br>Lubo-<br>Ludo-
|style="padding-right:150px"|
blessed<br>God's<br>more<br>warrior<br>see Bohu-<br>defense<br>ring out<br>see Brani-<br>further, more<br>good<br>dear, valued<br>mountains<br>guest<br>star<br>strong, fierce<br>beautiful<br>see Krasno-<br>strong<br>flower<br>see Vladi-<br>beloved<br>see Ludo-<br>see Libo-<br>the people<br>


|style="padding-right: 100px"|
Luti-<br>Milo-<br>Miro-<br>Msti-<br>Radi-<br>Rati-<br>Rosti-<br>Slavo-<br>Sobě<br>Stani-<br>Svato-<br>Sveto-<br>Světlo-<br>Vac-<br>Vit-<br>Vladi-<br>Vlasti-<br>Voj-<br>Vrati-<br>Zby-<br>Zde-<br>Zeli-<br>Zito-<br>
|
|
blessed<br>God's<br>more<br>warrior<br>see Bohu-<br>defense<br>ring out<br>see Brani-<br>further, more<br>good<br>dear, valued<br>mountains<br>guest<br>star<br>strong, fierce<br>beautiful<br>see Krasno-<br>strong<br>flower<br>see Vladi-<br>beloved<br>see Ludo-<br>see Libo-<br>the people<br>fierce<br>love<br>peace<br>revenge<br>joy<br>soldier<br>increase<br>glory<br>self<br>everlasting<br>strong (or Holy)<br>see Svato-<br>light<br>more<br>live<br>rule<br>homeland<br>warrior<br>return<br>remain<br>here (or do)<br>desire<br>life<br>
fierce<br>love<br>peace<br>revenge<br>joy<br>soldier<br>increase<br>glory<br>self<br>everlasting<br>strong (or Holy)<br>see Svato-<br>light<br>more<br>live<br>rule<br>homeland<br>warrior<br>return<br>remain<br>here (or do)<br>desire<br>life<br>
|}
|}


===Suffix Roots===
===Suffix Roots===
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|-
|
|
-bor<br>-chval<br>-dan<br>-dar<br>-mil<br>-mír<br>-mysl<br>-pluk<br>-rad<br>-slav<br>-těch<br>-voj<br>-van<br>-vit<br>
-bor...<br>-chval...<br>-dan...<br>-dar...<br>-mil...<br>-mír...<br>-mysl...<br>-pluk...<br>-rad...<br>-slav...<br>-těch...<br>-voj...<br>-van...<br>-vit...<br>


|
|
Line 184: Line 326:
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|-
|style="padding-right:100px"|
'''''Male'''''
|
|
''Male''<br>Jaroslav<br>Bohumil<br>Vladimír<br>František<br>
'''''Female'''''
 
|-
|
|Jaroslav
''Female''<br>Jaroslava<br>Bohumila<br>Vladimira<br>Františka<br>
|Jaroslava
|-
|Bohumil
|Bohumila
|-
|Vladimír
|Vladimira
|-
|František
|Františka
|}
|}


Most Czech names (of all origins) end in a consonant (František, Jan, etc.) and female names usually end with '''-a''' (Kateřina) or '''-e''' (Marie). Most names have nicknames or diminutive forms which end in '''-a''', '''-ek''', or '''-ik'''. For example: Franta from František; Maňa or Mařka from Marie; Jarda or Jarek from Jaroslav, Pavlik from Pavel.  
Most Czech names (of all origins) end in a consonant (František, Jan, etc.) and female names usually end with '''-a''' (Kateřina) or '''-e''' (Marie). Most names have nicknames or diminutive forms which end in '''-a''', '''-ek''', or '''-ik'''. For example: Franta from František; Maňa or Mařka from Marie; Jarda or Jarek from Jaroslav, Pavlik from Pavel.


The records in the Czech Republic were kept in several different languages. The birth record of an individual may have been written in Latin and the marriage record may have been in German. Usually the given names were translated into the language of the document. In most genealogical reports from the Czech Republic, names are recorded as they appear in the original documents. This can cause confusion since an ancestor may appear as Vojtĕch in one record and Adalbertus in another. The name list given here includes most of the common names found in the Czech Republic and gives versions in Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, Latin, German and English.  
===Given Name Language Variation===
Many old documents and certificates that surface when searching through family papers will be written in '''German or Latin.''' Because of the many languages encountered in Czech records, it is not unusual to see '''several variations of an ancestor's name depending on the language of the record'''. An ancestor may appear as ''Wenceslaus'' in his Latin birth record, as ''Wenzel'' in his German marriage record, and as ''Václav'' in the Czech birth records of his children.  


Although this list includes many names; it should be noted that certain names are enormously more common then others. The directory for the city of Prague in l896 shows that 7O% of the male population bore the five most popular names: Josef 22%, František l5%, Václav l2%, Antonín ll%, Jan lO%. Other very popular male names were Karel, Vojtěch, Matěj, Jiří, Alojzy (Alois), Martin and Jakub. The same source indicates that among females 6O% bore the five most common names: Marie 22%, Anna 2l%, Josefa, 7%, Kateřina 6%, Antonie 4%. Other very popular female names were Františka, Barbora, Terezie and Dorota.
Another example is the Czech name ''Vojtěch''; in German it is ''Albrecht''; in Latin, ''Adalbertus''. Fortunately, not all names differ so markedly. The Latin ''Josephus'' is easily recognized as Czech ''Josef''. A listing of given names with translations in English, Czech, Latin and German is found on the Wiki.
The following '''online''' source contains given names translated into 23 different European languages, including English:  


===Male Given Names===
*Janowowa, Wanda, et al. ''{{FSC|103656|item|disp='''Słownik imion'''}} (Dictionary of names).'' Wrocław, Germany: Zakład Narodowy im Ossolińskich, 1975. (FS Library book Ref 940 D4si; film 1181578 item 2; fiche 6,000,839.) Names are listed alphabetically by the Polish name, as the author is Polish. An index at the back gives the Polish form of each name. Use that name to find the 23 translations in the main list.
 
(under construction)  
 
===Female Given Names===
 
(under construction)  


==Americanization of Names==
==Americanization of Names==
Line 215: Line 364:
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|-
|
|style="padding-right:100px"|
''Jan''<br>''František''<br>''Kateřina''<br>''Alžbĕta''<br>
''Jan''
 
|John
|
John<br>Frank<br>Catherine<br>Elizabeth<br>


|-
|''František''
|Frank or Francis
|-
|''Kateřina''
|Catherine
|-
|''Alžbĕta''
|Elizabeth
|}
|}


Because some given names have no English translation, they were frequently changed to almost any similar sounding American name:  
Because some given names have no English translation, they were frequently changed to almost any similar sounding American name:  


''Václav'' = Wenzel, Venceslaus, Wenceslaus, William, Wesley, Wendel, James  
''Václav'' = Wenzel, Venceslaus, Wenceslaus, William, Wesley, Wendel, James


===Surnames===
===Surnames===
Line 233: Line 389:
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|-
|style="padding-right:100px"|
''Jablečík''
|Appleton
|
|
''Jablečík''<br>''Krejčí''<br>''Procházka''<br>
|-
 
|''Krejčí''
|
|Taylor
Appleton<br>Taylor<br>Walker<br>
|-
 
|''Procházka''
|Walker
|}
|}


Line 245: Line 405:
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|-
|
|style="padding-right:100px"|
''Kořista''<br>''Nožíř''<br>''Hudec''<br>''Maršálek''<br>''Šimáček''<br>''Lapáček''<br>''Vančura''<br>
''Kořista''
 
|Corrister
|
|-
Corrister<br>Norris<br>Hudson<br>Marshall<br>Smack<br>LaPache<br>Van Cura<br>
|''Nožíř''
|Norris
|-
|''Hudec''
|Hudson
|-
|''Maršálek''
|Marshall
|-
|''Šimáček''
|Smack
|-
|''Lapáček''
|LaPache
|-
|''Vančura''
|Van Cura


|}
|}
Line 257: Line 433:
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|-
|
|style="padding-right:100px"|
''Kokoška''<br>''Kučera''<br>''Jelínek''<br>''Chudec''<br>
''Kokoška''
|Kokoshka
|-
|''Kučera''
|Kuchera/Kuczera
|-
|''Jelínek''
|Yellineck
|-
|''Chudec''<br>
|Hudetz


|
|}
Kokoshka<br>Kuchera/Kuczera<br>Yellineck<br>Hudetz<br>


|}
==For Further Reading==
*[https://www.fbiic.gov/public/2008/nov/Naming_practice_guide_UK_2006.pdf '''A GUIDE TO NAMES AND NAMING PRACTICES, UK Names Guide''']
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_name '''"Czech name"'''], in Wikipedia
*Other sources are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:'''
**{{FSC|Czech Republic - Names, Personal|subject|subject-id=251955732|disp= Czech Republic - Names, Personal}}
**{{FSC|Czech Republic - Names, Personal - Dictionaries|subject|subject-id=1709384589|disp= Czech Republic - Names, Personal - Dictionaries}}


[[Category:Czech Republic|Names]]
==References==
[[Category:Names Surname]]
<references/>
[[Category:Czechia|Names]]
[[Category:Naming Customs]]
Tegnosis
Approver, Batcheditor, Moderator, Patroller, Protector, Reviewer, Bots, Bureaucrats, editor, Interface administrators, pagecreator, pagedeleter, Page Ownership admin, Push subscription managers, Suppressors, Administrators, Upload Wizard campaign editors, Widget editors
321,763

edits

Retrieved from "https://integration-ru.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/4286497...6118316"