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==Surnames == | ==Surnames == | ||
A Portuguese name is typically composed of one or two given names, and a number of family names (rarely one, but often two or three, sometimes more). The first additional names are usually the mother's family surname(s) and the father's family surname(s). It is not uncommon in Portugal that a married woman has two given names and six surnames, two from her mother's family, two from her father's family, and the last two coming from her husband. In addition, some of these names may be made of more than one word, so that a full feminine name can have more than 12 words. For instance, the name "Maria do Carmo Mão de Ferro e Cunha de Almeida Santa Rita Santos Abreu" would not be surprising in a married woman. For practicality, usually only the last surname (excluding prepositions) is used in formal greetings. <ref name=Port>"Portuguese names', in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_name, accessed 21 February 2021.</ref> | A Portuguese name is typically composed of '''one or two given names, and a number of family names (rarely one, but often two or three, sometimes more)'''. The first additional names are usually the mother's family surname(s) and the father's family surname(s). It is not uncommon in Portugal that a married woman has two given names and six surnames, two from her mother's family, two from her father's family, and the last two coming from her husband. In addition, some of these names may be made of more than one word, so that a full feminine name can have more than 12 words. For instance, the name "Maria do Carmo Mão de Ferro e Cunha de Almeida Santa Rita Santos Abreu" would not be surprising in a married woman. For practicality, usually only the last surname (excluding prepositions) is used in formal greetings. <ref name=Port>"Portuguese names', in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_name, accessed 21 February 2021.</ref> | ||
There has never been a standardized method of establishing surnames. However, there are several prevalent patterns. | There has never been a standardized method of establishing surnames. However, there are several prevalent patterns. | ||
*Historically, daughters were commonly given their mother's surname, and sons were given their father's surname. | *Historically, '''daughters were commonly given their mother's surname, and sons were given their father's surname.''' | ||
*It was also common for children to receive both of their parents' surnames. When this combination occurred, the mother's surname would typically precede the father's surname. | *It was also common for children to receive '''both of their parents' surnames'''. When this combination occurred, the mother's surname would typically precede the father's surname. | ||
*Women tended to retain their maiden surname throughout their life. | *Women tended to '''retain their maiden surname''' throughout their life. | ||
**In the late 19th century, the it became common for women to adopt adopting their husband's surname, but this practice faded by the end of the century. | **In the late 19th century, the it became common for women to adopt adopting their husband's surname, but this practice faded by the end of the century. | ||
*From the mid 20th century onward, individuals tended to include their last (father's) surname in formal settings.<ref>Collaborators of Wikipedia, "Portuguese name," in ''Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_name. Visited 23 June 2017.</ref> | *From the mid 20th century onward, individuals tended to include their last (father's) surname in formal settings.<ref>Collaborators of Wikipedia, "Portuguese name," in ''Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_name. Visited 23 June 2017.</ref> | ||
*Prepositions that can be used in Portuguese surnames are da, das, do, dos and de, such as in Maria da Cunha, José das Neves, Joana do Rosário, Luís dos Santos, Gabriela de Sousa, etc. and mean "from" or "of." Da, dos, etc. are contractions of the preposition de and a definite article (o, as, etc.), meaning "from the" or "of the." The current convention in Portuguese is that they be written in lower case.<ref name=Port/> | *Prepositions that can be used in Portuguese surnames are '''da, das, do, dos and de''', such as in Maria da Cunha, José das Neves, Joana do Rosário, Luís dos Santos, Gabriela de Sousa, etc. and mean "from" or "of." Da, dos, etc. are contractions of the preposition de and a definite article (o, as, etc.), meaning "from the" or "of the." The current convention in Portuguese is that they be written in lower case.<ref name=Port/> | ||
==Given Names == | ==Given Names == | ||