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South Dakota Indigenous Peoples: Difference between revisions
South Dakota Indigenous Peoples (view source)
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The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) established several field agencies in [[South Dakota]] to administer Indian programs on eight different reservations. Various Sioux tribes lived on those reservations, including the Santee, Teton (Brule and Oglala), Yankton, and Yanktonnais. Other Indian tribes who lived in South Dakota in the early nineteenth century included the Arikara, Cheyenne, Omaha, and Poncas. | The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) established several field agencies in [[South Dakota]] to administer Indian programs on eight different reservations. Various Sioux tribes lived on those reservations, including the Santee, Teton (Brule and Oglala), Yankton, and Yanktonnais. Other Indian tribes who lived in South Dakota in the early nineteenth century included the Arikara, Cheyenne, Omaha, and Poncas. | ||
To learn how to get started with American Indian research, find research facilities, and American Indian websites [[American Indian Genealogy|click here]].<br> | |||
== Tribes and Bands of South Dakota == | == Tribes and Bands of South Dakota == | ||
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*[[Arapaho Indians|Arapaho]] | *[[Arapaho Indians|Arapaho]] | ||
*[[Arikara Indians|Arikara]] | *[[Arikara Indians|Arikara]] | ||
*Cheyenne (Northern) -- see [[Northern Cheyenne Tribe|Northern Cheyenne]]<br> | *Cheyenne (Northern) -- see [[Northern Cheyenne Tribe|Northern Cheyenne]]<br> | ||
*[[Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, South Dakota|Cheyenne River Sioux]] | *[[Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, South Dakota|Cheyenne River Sioux]] | ||
*[[Crow Creek Sioux Tribe|Crow Creek Sioux]] | *[[Crow Creek Sioux Tribe|Crow Creek Sioux]] | ||
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*[[Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe|Flandreau Santee Sioux]] | *[[Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe|Flandreau Santee Sioux]] | ||
*[[Kiowa Indians|Kiowa]] | *[[Kiowa Indians|Kiowa]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Lower Brule Sioux Tribe|Lower Brule Sioux]] | ||
*[[Mandan Indians|Mandan]] | *[[Mandan Indians|Mandan]] | ||
*[[Northern Cheyenne Tribe|Northern Cheyenne]] | *[[Northern Cheyenne Tribe|Northern Cheyenne]] | ||
*[[Oglala Sioux Tribe, South Dakota|Oglala Sioux ]] | *[[Oglala Sioux Tribe, South Dakota|Oglala Sioux]] | ||
*[[Omaha Indians|Omaha]] | *[[Omaha Indians|Omaha]] | ||
*Oyate Sioux | *Oyate Sioux | ||
*[[Ponca Tribe|Ponca]] | *[[Ponca Tribe|Ponca]] | ||
*[[Rosebud Sioux Tribe, South Dakota|Rosebud Sioux]] | *[[Rosebud Sioux Tribe, South Dakota|Rosebud Sioux]] | ||
*[[Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe, South Dakota|Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux ]] | *[[Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe, South Dakota|Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux]] | ||
*[[Standing Rock Sioux Tribe|Standing Rock Sioux]] | *[[Standing Rock Sioux Tribe|Standing Rock Sioux]] | ||
*Sutaio | *Sutaio | ||
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*[[Yankton Sioux Tribe, South Dakota|Yankton Sioux]] | *[[Yankton Sioux Tribe, South Dakota|Yankton Sioux]] | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Four Bands of Lakota Sioux: Minnecoujou, Two Kettle, Sans Arc, and Blackfoot | Four Bands of Lakota Sioux: Minnecoujou, Two Kettle, Sans Arc, and Blackfoot | ||
== Reservations == | == Reservations == | ||
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The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether. | The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether. | ||
The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/sd.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(Family History Library book [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&amp;amp;amp;amp;titleno=433280&amp;amp;amp;amp;disp=Omni+gazetteer+of+the+United+States+of+A%20%20&amp;amp;amp;amp;columns=*,0,0 973 E5])</ref>, and other sources. Those reservations named in '''bold''' are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government. | The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/sd.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(Family History Library book [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;titleno=433280&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;disp=Omni+gazetteer+of+the+United+States+of+A%20%20&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;columns=*,0,0 973 E5])</ref>, and other sources. Those reservations named in '''bold''' are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government. | ||
*[[Cheyenne River Indian Reservation (South Dakota)|Cheyenne River]] Reservation (created ______) | *[[Cheyenne River Indian Reservation (South Dakota)|Cheyenne River]] Reservation (created ______) | ||
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*Spotted Tail Reservation -- Prior to 1878, this was the name for the current Rosebud Reservation (see above). | *Spotted Tail Reservation -- Prior to 1878, this was the name for the current Rosebud Reservation (see above). | ||
*[[Standing Rock Indian Reservation|Standing Rock]] Reservation -- [http://www.standingrock.org/?id=2&page=History Standing Rock Reservation] is located in south-central North Dakota and in north-central South Dakota. It consists of over 3500 square miles in Sioux County, North Dakota and Corson County, South Dakota, along with small parts of Dewey and Ziebach Counties, South Dakota, The population of 8250 (2000 pop. figures) are Dakota and Lakota Sioux. | *[[Standing Rock Indian Reservation|Standing Rock]] Reservation -- [http://www.standingrock.org/?id=2&page=History Standing Rock Reservation] is located in south-central North Dakota and in north-central South Dakota. It consists of over 3500 square miles in Sioux County, North Dakota and Corson County, South Dakota, along with small parts of Dewey and Ziebach Counties, South Dakota, The population of 8250 (2000 pop. figures) are Dakota and Lakota Sioux. | ||
*Wowakita Reservation -- This is another name for the [[ | *Wowakita Reservation -- This is another name for the [[Pine Ridge Indian Reservation (South Dakota)|Pine Ridge Reservation]] (see above). | ||
*[[Yankton Indian Reservation (South Dakota)|Yankton]] Reservation -- Federal, under jurisdiction of the Yankton Agency, Tribe Yankton Sioux | *[[Yankton Indian Reservation (South Dakota)|Yankton]] Reservation -- Federal, under jurisdiction of the Yankton Agency, Tribe Yankton Sioux | ||
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[[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices. | [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices. | ||
The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in South Dakota has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&amp;titleno=247426&amp;disp=The+Office+of+Indian+Affairs%2C+1824%2D1%20%20&amp;columns=*,0,0 book 970.1 H551o].)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&amp;titleno=207428&amp;disp=Guide+to+records+in+the+National+Archive%20%20&amp;columns=*,0,0 book 970.1 H551g].)</ref>, and others. | The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in South Dakota has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&amp;amp;titleno=247426&amp;amp;disp=The+Office+of+Indian+Affairs%2C+1824%2D1%20%20&amp;amp;columns=*,0,0 book 970.1 H551o].)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&amp;amp;titleno=207428&amp;amp;disp=Guide+to+records+in+the+National+Archive%20%20&amp;amp;columns=*,0,0 book 970.1 H551g].)</ref>, and others. | ||
*[[Cheyenne River Indian Agency (South Dakota)|Cheyenne River Agency]] | *[[Cheyenne River Indian Agency (South Dakota)|Cheyenne River Agency]] | ||
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*[[Pine Ridge Indian Agency (South Dakota)|Pine Ridge Agency]] | *[[Pine Ridge Indian Agency (South Dakota)|Pine Ridge Agency]] | ||
*[[Red Cloud Indian Agency (South Dakota)|Red Cloud Agency]] | *[[Red Cloud Indian Agency (South Dakota)|Red Cloud Agency]] | ||
*[[Rosebud Indian Agency (South Dakota)|Rosebud Agency]]<br> | *[[Rosebud Indian Agency (South Dakota)|Rosebud Agency]]<br> | ||
*[[Spotted Tail Indian Agency (South Dakota)|Spotted Tail Agency]] | *[[Spotted Tail Indian Agency (South Dakota)|Spotted Tail Agency]] | ||
*[[Standing Rock Indian Agency (North Dakota)|Standing Rock Agency]] | *[[Standing Rock Indian Agency (North Dakota)|Standing Rock Agency]] | ||
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In addition, other groups such as various church denominations established schools specifically focusing on American Indian children. ([[American Indian School Records|read more...]]) | In addition, other groups such as various church denominations established schools specifically focusing on American Indian children. ([[American Indian School Records|read more...]]) | ||
The following list of Indian Schools in South Dakota has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&amp;amp;amp;titleno=247426&amp;amp;amp;disp=The+Office+of+Indian+Affairs%2C+1824%2D1%20%20&amp;amp;amp;columns=*,0,0 book 970.1 H551o].)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&amp;amp;amp;titleno=207428&amp;amp;amp;disp=Guide+to+records+in+the+National+Archive%20%20&amp;amp;amp;columns=*,0,0 book 970.1 H551g].)</ref>, and others. | The following list of Indian Schools in South Dakota has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&amp;amp;amp;amp;titleno=247426&amp;amp;amp;amp;disp=The+Office+of+Indian+Affairs%2C+1824%2D1%20%20&amp;amp;amp;amp;columns=*,0,0 book 970.1 H551o].)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&amp;amp;amp;amp;titleno=207428&amp;amp;amp;amp;disp=Guide+to+records+in+the+National+Archive%20%20&amp;amp;amp;amp;columns=*,0,0 book 970.1 H551g].)</ref>, and others. | ||
*[[Chamberlain Indian School (South Dakota)|Chamberlain School]] | *[[Chamberlain Indian School (South Dakota)|Chamberlain School]] | ||
*[[Flandreau Indian Vocational High School (South Dakota)|Flandreau School ]]1906-1937 (Family History Library film [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=280392&disp=School+records%2C+1906%2D1937%20%20&columns=*,0,0 1017424] ) | *[[Flandreau Indian Vocational High School (South Dakota)|Flandreau School ]]1906-1937 (Family History Library film [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=280392&disp=School+records%2C+1906%2D1937%20%20&columns=*,0,0 1017424] ) | ||
*Holy Rosary Mission School | *Holy Rosary Mission School | ||
*[[Hope Indian School (South Dakota)|Hope School ]] | *[[Hope Indian School (South Dakota)|Hope School]] | ||
*Indian Training School | *Indian Training School | ||
*Oglala Boarding School | *Oglala Boarding School | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
==== Bibliography ==== | ==== Bibliography ==== | ||
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*"Accompanying Pamphlet for Microcopy 1011", National Archives Microfilm Publications, Appendix. | *"Accompanying Pamphlet for Microcopy 1011", National Archives Microfilm Publications, Appendix. | ||
*''American Indians: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications''. Washington DC: National Archives Trust Fund Board, National Archives and Records Administration, 1998. | *''American Indians: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications''. Washington DC: National Archives Trust Fund Board, National Archives and Records Administration, 1998. | ||
*Child, Brenda J. ''Boarding School Seasons: American Indian Families, 1900-1940''. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38601984&referer=brief_results WorldCat 38601984]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=1123164&disp=Boarding+school+seasons%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 C436b]. | *Child, Brenda J. ''Boarding School Seasons: American Indian Families, 1900-1940''. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38601984&referer=brief_results WorldCat 38601984]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=1123164&disp=Boarding+school+seasons%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 C436b]. | ||
*Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. | *Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. | ||
*Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches''. New York, New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, Inc., 1974. | *Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches''. New York, New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, Inc., 1974. | ||