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{{Germany-sidebar}}
{{CountrySidebar
{{breadcrumb
|Country=Germany
|Name=Germany
|Type=Topic
|Topic Type=Background
|Background=Languages
|Rating=Acceptable
}}{{breadcrumb
| link1=[[Germany Genealogy|Germany]]
| link1=[[Germany Genealogy|Germany]]
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Most materials used in German research are written in German. However, you do not need to speak or read German to do research in German records. You will need to know some key words and phrases to understand the records.  
Most materials used in German research are written in German. However, you do not need to speak or read German to do research in German records. You will need to know some key words and phrases to understand the records.  


Because of Germany's history, you may also find several other languages in German records. Latin was frequently used in Roman Catholic church records. French was often used in Elsaß-Lothringen and during the French domination of the area west of the Rhein. Danish was used in much of Schleswig-Holstein until Preußen annexed that area in 1864.  
Because of Germany's history, you may also find several other languages in German records. Latin was frequently used in Roman Catholic church records. French was often used in Elsaß-Lothringen/Alsace-Lorraine and during the French domination of the area west of the Rhein. Danish was used in much of Schleswig-Holstein until Preußen/Prussia annexed that area in 1864. Polish, Dutch, and Low German can also be found in some areas.  
==Language Aids==
==Language Aids==


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*The German Word List includes symbols commonly used in German genealogical sources.
*The German Word List includes symbols commonly used in German genealogical sources.
*[https://script.byu.edu/Plugins/FileManager/Files/Documents/List_of_Names_-_German.pdf '''List of Names in Old German Script'''] A comprehensive list of German  given names,  written in old script, with possible variations.
*[https://script.byu.edu/00000184-9bb0-d9f7-af95-9bbc5e000001/german-name-examples '''List of Names in Old German Script'''] A comprehensive list of German  given names,  written in old script, with possible variations.
*[http://altdeutsche-schrift.de/adsschreiben.php#schrifftfeld '''Old German Script Transcriber (alte deutsche Handschriften):'''] See your family names in the script of the era. Type your name or other word into the font generator tool. Click on the 8 different fonts. Save the image to your computer and use it as you work with old Germanic records.<br>
*[http://altdeutsche-schrift.de/adsschreiben.php#schrifftfeld '''Old German Script Transcriber (alte deutsche Handschriften):'''] See your family names in the script of the era. Type your name or other word into the font generator tool. Click between the 8 different fonts. Save the image to your computer and use it as you work with old German records.<br>
*[http://www.kurrentschrift.net/index.php?s=schreiben '''Schreibübung [writing practice]'''] Type a name or other word into one of the blank text boxes (note: if an "s" is at the end of a syllable, type # instead in order to generate the ending "s"). Fill out one to five of the boxes with text. Click on the "umwandeln" button. Scroll down to see the word(s) written in Kurrent. To see other words in Kurrent, click on "löschen" or delete the text in a box, write something new, and click on "umwandeln" again.<br>
*[https://www.wordmine.info/?slang=de '''WordMine'''] If the website language is not in English, click on "Language" at the top right and change it to English. (To look at a word in a language other than German, from just above the search box click on "German" and select a different language.) Check the box next to "Number of letters" underneath the search box, and change the range to fit the word you are looking for. Then click on "Select search type" from above the search box and select an option, such as "Words starting with," "Words ending in," or "Words containing." Type the letter sequence you see (from the German word you're trying to decipher) into the search box and click on the search button. Then browse through the results, which may be listed on multiple pages, to potentially locate the correct full German word.


==Handwriting==
==Handwriting==


*These links to lessons and websites will assist in learning to read the records of Germany:
*These links to lessons and websites will assist in learning to read the records of Germany:
**[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/german-paleography-seminar-introduction German Paleography Seminar (10 videos)]
**[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/old-german-script-part-1 Old German Script Part 1],  [https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/old-german-script-part-2 Part 2], [https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/old-german-script-german-church-and-civil-records-part-3 Part 3 (German Church and Civil Records)]
**[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/old-german-script-part-1 Old German Script Part 1],  [https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/old-german-script-part-2 Part 2], [https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/old-german-script-german-church-and-civil-records-part-3 Part 3 (German Church and Civil Records)]
**[https://www.familysearch.org/ask/learningViewer/38 Reading German Handwritten Records Lesson 1: Kurrent Letters]
**[https://www.familysearch.org/ask/learningViewer/39 Reading German Handwritten Records Lesson 2: Making Words in Kurrent]
**[https://www.familysearch.org/ask/learningViewer/40 Reading German Handwritten Records Lesson 3: Reading Kurrent Documents]
**[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/german-church-and-civil-records German Church and Civil Records]
**[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/german-church-and-civil-records German Church and Civil Records]
**[https://script.byu.edu/Pages/the-german-documents-pages/the-german-documents(english) German Script Tutorial]
**[https://script.byu.edu/german-handwriting/introduction German Script Tutorial]
**[[Deciphering German Script 1-12|Deciphering German Script 1-12]]
**[[Deciphering German Script 1-12|Deciphering German Script 1-12]]
**[[Deciphering German Script 25-36|Deciphering German Script 25-36]]
**[[Deciphering German Script 25-36|Deciphering German Script 25-36]]
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==Downloadable Handouts==
==Downloadable Handouts==


*[https://ps-services-us-east-1-914248642252.s3.amazonaws.com/s3%2Fhelp-learningcenter-fh1-prod-s3%2F2017%2F05%2F02%2F921f0807-6f69-4694-91d3-47917fa95871%2FKurrent+Letters+Handout.pdf Kurrent Letters Handout]
These printable handouts can be used for ready reference when reading German Handwriting.<br>
*[https://ps-services-us-east-1-914248642252.s3.amazonaws.com/s3%2Fhelp-learningcenter-fh1-prod-s3%2F2017%2F05%2F02%2Fb1462e9c-7c83-42b5-ac39-9d1dad62472b%2FNumbers+Handout.pdf Numbers Handout]
''Letters:''<br>
*[https://ps-services-us-east-1-914248642252.s3.amazonaws.com/s3%2Fhelp-learningcenter-fh1-prod-s3%2F2017%2F05%2F02%2Fb13f88fc-7663-4776-8270-1d8a9ad7c28e%2FBirth+Record+Handout.pdf Birth Records Handout]
 
*[https://ps-services-us-east-1-914248642252.s3.amazonaws.com/s3%2Fhelp-learningcenter-fh1-prod-s3%2F2017%2F05%2F02%2Fff318037-9021-4e4d-acba-9c4770ebc806%2FMarriage+Record+Handout.pdf Marriage Records Handout]
*[[Media:Kurrent Letters.pdf|Kurrent Letters handout]]
*[https://ps-services-us-east-1-914248642252.s3.amazonaws.com/s3%2Fhelp-learningcenter-fh1-prod-s3%2F2017%2F05%2F02%2Fe9549fa8-1bc0-46da-94fa-0ac2975a8704%2FDeath+Record+Handout.pdf Death Records Handout]
*[[Media:Kurrent Font Help Wiki.pdf|Additional Kurrent Letters handout]]
*[https://ps-services-us-east-1-914248642252.s3.amazonaws.com/s3%2Fhelp-learningcenter-fh1-prod-s3%2F2017%2F05%2F02%2Fedbdbf50-fd9f-47a9-8a3c-087140ec8baa%2FDays+and+Months+Handout.pdf Days and Months Handout]
 
*[https://ps-services-us-east-1-914248642252.s3.amazonaws.com/s3%2Fhelp-learningcenter-fh1-prod-s3%2F2017%2F05%2F02%2F6c132970-9cab-46e6-bccf-457d2f90fa6d%2FCommon+Symbols+Handout.pdf Common Symbols Handout]
''Vocabulary found on Specific Records:''<br>
*[https://ps-services-us-east-1-914248642252.s3.amazonaws.com/s3%2Fhelp-learningcenter-fh1-prod-s3%2F2017%2F05%2F02%2F5a5a76b2-f785-4378-b86b-2aef51fe9107%2FCommon+Abbreviations+Handout.pdf Common Abbreviations Handout]
 
*[https://ps-services-us-east-1-914248642252.s3.amazonaws.com/s3%2Fhelp-learningcenter-fh1-prod-s3%2F2017%2F05%2F02%2Fbb2ffc63-2a1c-4eab-82d6-7937c57910df%2FOccupations+Handout.pdf Occupations Handout]
*[[Media:Birth Record Vocabulary-Kurrent-german.pdf|Birth Records Vocabulary handout]]
*[https://ps-services-us-east-1-914248642252.s3.amazonaws.com/s3%2Fhelp-learningcenter-fh1-prod-s3%2F2017%2F05%2F02%2Fedf248d7-6209-4e99-bf38-713f087505f9%2FCommon+Illnesses+Handout.pdf Common Illnesses Handout]
*[[Media:Marriage Record Vocabulary-Kurrent-german.pdf|Marriage Records Vocabulary handout]]
*[[Media:German marriage handout templated jan 2017.pdf|Overview of Marriage Laws and Customs (handout)]]
*[[Media:Death Record Vocabulary-Kurrent german.pdf|Death Records Vocabulary handout]]
 
''Dates, Numbers, Abbreviations:''<br>
 
*[[Media:Days and Months Vocabulary-Kurrent-German.pdf|Days and Months handout]]
*[[Media:Numbers Vocabulary.pdf|Numbers Vocabulary handout]]
*[[Media:Kurrent Script Dates, Numbers, etc.pdf|Script Dates and Numbers handout]]
*[[Media:Common Abbreviations-Kurrent-german.pdf|Common Abbreviations handout]]
*[[Media:Common Symbols - Kurrent-german.pdf|Common Symbols handout]]
 
''Miscellaneous Vocabulary:''<br>
 
*[[Media:German Occupations Vocabulary.pdf|German Occupations Vocabulary handout]]
*[[Media:Illnesses Vocabulary-Kurrent-german.pdf|Illnesses Vocabulary handout]]
 
''Fraktur:''<br>
 
*[[Media:Fraktur Font help - Wiki.pdf|Fraktur Font]]--Many forms and books are printed in this font.


==Fraktur Font Used in Printed Records==
==Fraktur Font Used in Printed Records==
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*The following '''books and English-German dictionaries''' can help in your research. You can find these and similar materials at many research libraries.  
*The following '''books and English-German dictionaries''' can help in your research. You can find these and similar materials at many research libraries.  
**Thode, Ernest. ''[http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=47299&disp=German%2DEnglish+genealogical+dictionary%20%20&columns=*,0,0 German-English Genealogical Dictionary].'' Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1992. (FHL book 433.21 T352g 1992.)
**Thode, Ernest. ''[http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=47299&disp=German%2DEnglish+genealogical+dictionary%20%20&columns=*,0,0 German-English Genealogical Dictionary].'' Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1992. (FS Library book 433.21 T352g 1992.)
**''[http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=259067&disp=Langenscheidt%27s+German%2DEnglish%2C+En%20%20&columns=*,0,0 Langenscheidts German-English, English-German Dictionary = Langenscheidts Deutsch-Englisches, Englisch-Deutches Wörterbuch]''. New York, NY, USA: Pocket Books, 1952, 1993. (FHL book 433.21 L262g.)
**''[http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=259067&disp=Langenscheidt%27s+German%2DEnglish%2C+En%20%20&columns=*,0,0 Langenscheidts German-English, English-German Dictionary = Langenscheidts Deutsch-Englisches, Englisch-Deutches Wörterbuch]''. New York, NY, USA: Pocket Books, 1952, 1993. (FS Library book 433.21 L262g.)
**Grimm's Dictionary online can be found at this link [http://germazope.uni-trier.de/Projects/WBB/woerterbuecher/dwb/wbgui?lemid=GA00001 Dictionary of German historical words].
**Grimm's Dictionary online can be found at this link [http://germazope.uni-trier.de/Projects/WBB/woerterbuecher/dwb/wbgui?lemid=GA00001 Dictionary of German historical words].


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|-
|-
|'''English'''
|'''English'''
|&nbsp;
|  
|'''German'''
|'''German'''
|-
|-
|Sunday
|Sunday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Sonntag
|Sonntag
|-
|-
|Monday
|Monday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Montag
|Montag
|-
|-
|Tuesday
|Tuesday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Dienstag
|Dienstag
|-
|-
|Wednesday
|Wednesday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Mittwoch
|Mittwoch
|-
|-
|Thursday
|Thursday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Donnerstag
|Donnerstag
|-
|-
|Friday
|Friday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Freitag, Freytag
|Freitag, Freytag
|-
|-
|Saturday
|Saturday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Samstag, Sonnabend
|Samstag, Sonnabend
|}
|}
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