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{{breadcrumb
{{CountrySidebar
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|Name=Dominica
|Type=Topic
|Topic Type=Background
|Background=Languages
|Rating=Standardized
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==Description==
==Description==
'''English is the official language of Dominica''' and is universally spoken and understood.


In addition, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Creole_French '''Dominican Creole'''], an Antillean Creole based on French, is widely spoken. This is due to French migration to the island starting in 1690. A majority French Creole speaking population reside on the island.
Along with Creole, a dialect known as '''Kokoy (or Cockoy)''' is spoken. It is a type of pidgin English which is a mix of Leeward Island English Creole and Dominican Creole, and is mainly spoken in the north-eastern villages of Marigot and Wesley. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Dominica," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica#Languages, accessed 22 March 2021.</ref>
'''Kwéyòl''' , known locally as '''Patwa''', is a sub-variety of Antillean Creole, and like other varieties spoken in the Caribbean, it combines the syntax of African language origins and a vocabulary primarily derived from French. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Saint Lucian Creole," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucian_Creole, accessed 22 March 2021.</ref>


==Word List(s)==
==Word List(s)==
* [https://www.avirtualdominica.com/project/creole-kweyol-language/ Kweyol Language - words and phrases]
* [https://quizlet.com/254602649/saint-lucia-kweyol-misc-phrases-flash-cards/ Kweyol Language - flashcards]
* [http://www.dominica-weekly.com/learn-speak-dominica-kweyol-language/ Dominican Creole Simple Phrases] (Dominica Weekly)


==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
'''Alphabet''' <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Dominican Creole French," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Creole_French#Kwéyòl alphabet, accessed 22 March 2021.</ref>
{| class="wikitable centre"
!Créole
!IPA
Transcription
<br />
!Standard pronunciation
|-
|g
|g
|hard G like in <u>G</u>arage
|-
|h
|h
|use like in <u>H</u>am
|-
|i
|i
|Pronounced like  "ee"  as in s<u>ee</u>
|-
|j
|ʒ
|Pronounced as french J.
|-
|k
|k
|Replaces hard "C", "Qu". K as in <u>K</u>ick
|-
|w
|w
|W replaces R in some words derived from French, but in Creole, they are two different letters.
|-
|s
|s
|Replaces the soft "C" and pronounced like "S" in <u>S</u>oft
|-
|y
|j
|pronounced like "Yuh" as in <u>Y</u>uck
|-
|z
|z
|Replaces "S" when used between vowels, and pronounced as in <u>Z</u>ebra
|-
|an
|ɑ̃
|nasalized sound used in French. Does not exist in English
|-
|àn
|an
|Pronounced as a '''not''' nasalized sound with an emphasis on the "N" "ane" in English
|-
|ann
|ɑ̃n
|''an'' nasalised French  "an" with long "n"  sound  "Pronounced like "anne".
|-
|anm
|ɑ̃m
|''an'' nasalised French  "an" with long "m"  sound  "Pronounced like "ahmm".
|-
|ay
|aj
|Pronounced as "eye" in English
|-
|in
|in
|Never nasalised.
|-
|en
|ɛ̃
|Always nasalised
|-
|enn
|
|Pronounced as in Gard<u>en</u>
|-
|on
|ɔ̃
|Sound does not exist in English. It is a nasal ''on'' as used in French.
|-
|onm
|ɔ̃m
|Nasal sound + M.
|-
|onn
|ɔ̃n
|Nasal sound + N.
|-
|ch
|ʃ
|Pronounced as "Sh" in English
|-
|a
|
|pronounced as a short a as in C<u>a</u>t
|-
|b
|
|Pronounced as B en English
|-
|f
|
|Pronounced as F in English
|-
|d
|
|Pronounced as D in English  Like <u>D</u>og
|-
|m
|
|Pronounced as M in English Like <u>M</u>an.
|-
|n
|
|Pronounced as N in English Like <u>N</u>ever
|-
|Ò
|
|Pronounced as "Or" as in M<u>or</u>e
|-
|R
|
|Often replaced by W in beginnings of words, but pronounced as <u>R</u>acquet
|-
|P
|
|Pronounced as in <u>P</u>ea
|-
|T
|
|Pronounced as in <u>T</u>ea
|-
|V
|
|Pronounced as in <u>V</u>olcano
|-
|W
|
|Pronounced as in <u>W</u>ater
|}
<br><br>


==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
'''Numbers''' <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Dominican Creole French," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Creole_French#Numbers, accessed 22 March 2021.</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!
!
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|0
|Nòt/Zéwo
|-
|1
|yon
|-
|2
|dé
|-
|3
|twa
|-
|4
|kat
|-
|5
|senk
|-
|6
|Sis
|-
|7
|sèt
|-
|8
|wit
|-
|9
|nèf
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|10
|dis
|-
|11
|wonz
|-
|12
|douz
|-
|13
|twèz
|-
|14
|katòz
|-
|15
|Kinz\tjenz
|-
|16
|Sèz
|-
|17
|disèt
|-
|18
|dizwit
|-
|19
|diznèf
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|20
|ven
|-
|21
|ventéyon
|-
|22
|venndé
|-
|23
|venntwa
|-
|24
|vennkat
|-
|25
|vennsenk
|-
|26
|vennsis
|-
|27
|vennsèt
|-
|28
|venntwit
|-
|29
|ventnèf
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|30
|twant
|-
|31
|twantéyon
|-
|32
|twantdé
|-
|33
|twantwa
|-
|34
|twantkat
|-
|35
|twantsenk
|-
|36
|twantsis
|-
|37
|twantsèt
|-
|38
|twantwit
|-
|39
|twantnèf
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|40
|kawant
|-
|41
|kawantéyon
|-
|42
|kawantdé
|-
|43
|kawantwa
|-
|44
|kawantkat
|-
|45
|kawantsenk
|-
|46
|kawantsis
|-
|47
|kawantsèt
|-
|48
|kawantwit
|-
|49
|kawantnèf
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|50
|senkant
|-
|51
|senkantéyon
|-
|52
|senkantdé
|-
|53
|senkantwa
|-
|54
|senkantkat
|-
|55
|senkantsenk
|-
|56
|senkantsis
|-
|57
|senkantsèt
|-
|58
|senkantwit
|-
|59
|senkantnèf
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|60
|swasant
|-
|61
|swasantéyon
|-
|62
|swasantdé
|-
|63
|swasantwa
|-
|64
|swasantkat
|-
|65
|swasantsenk
|-
|66
|swasantsis
|-
|67
|swasantsèt
|-
|68
|swasantwit
|-
|69
|swasantnèf
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|70
|swasantdis
|-
|71
|swasantwonz
|-
|72
|swasantdouz
|-
|73
|swasanttwèz
|-
|74
|swasantkatòz
|-
|75
|swasantkenz
|-
|76
|swasantsèz
|-
|77
|Swasantdisèt
|-
|78
|swasantdizwit
|-
|79
|swasantdiznèf
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|80
|katwèven
|-
|81
|katwèventéyon
|-
|82
|katwèvendé
|-
|83
|katwèventwa
|-
|84
|katwèvenkat
|-
|85
|katwèvensenk
|-
|86
|katwèvensis
|-
|87
|katwèvensèt
|-
|88
|katwèvenwit
|-
|89
|katwèvennèf
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|90
|katwèvendis
|-
|91
|katwèvenwonz
|-
|92
|katwèvendouz
|-
|93
|katwèventwèz
|-
|94
|katwèvenkatòz
|-
|95
|katwèvenkenz
|-
|96
|katwèvensèz
|-
|97
|katwèvendisèt
|-
|98
|katwèvendizwit
|-
|99
|katwèvendiznèf
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|100
|san
|-
|200
|dé san
|-
|300
|twa san
|-
|400
|kat san
|-
|500
|senk san
|-
|600
|sis san
|-
|700
|sèt san
|-
|800
|wit san
|-
|900
|nèf san
|-
|1 000
|mil
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|2 000
|dé mil
|-
|3 000
|twa mil
|-
|4 000
|kat mil
|-
|5 000
|senk mil
|-
|6 000
|sis mil
|-
|7 000
|sèt mil
|-
|8 000
|sit mil
|-
|9 000
|nèf mil
|-
|10 000
|di mil
|-
|100 000
|san mil
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|200 000
|dé san mil
|-
|300 000
|twa san mil
|-
|400 000
|kat san mil
|-
|500 000
|senk san mil
|-
|600 000
|sis san mil
|-
|700 000
|sèt san mil
|-
|800 00
|wit san mil
|-
|900 000
|nèf san mil
|}
|1 000 000 = yon milyon
|1 000 000 000 = yon milya
|}
:1 234 = yon mil + dé san + twantkat
:30 153 = twant mil + san + senkantwa
:412 489 = (kat san douz) mil + kat san + katwèvennèf
:12 356 734 = (douz) milyon + (twa san+senkantsis) mil + sèt san+twantkat<br>


'''Ordinal'''
:1st = pwémyè
:2nd = dézyènm
:3rd = twazyènm
:4th = katriyènm
:5th = senkyènm
:6th = sizyènm (Notice the second "s" in "sis" is pronounced as a "z")
:7th = sètyènm
:8th = wityènm
:9th = nèvyènm (Notice the "f" in "nèf" is pronounced as a "v")
:All the other numbers are formed like this: Number + [yènm]


==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
'''Language Aids'''
*[https://www.avirtualdominica.com/project/creole-kweyol-language/ Kweyol Language - A look at typical Kweyol words and phrases used in Dominica ]  (avirtualdominica.com)
*[http://www.saintluciancreole.dbfrank.net/dictionary/spellingguide.pdf The Kwéyòl Writing System]


'''Dictionaries'''
* Crosbie, Paul and David Frank. ''Kweýol̀ dictionary.'' Castries, Saint Lucia: Ministry of Education, Government of Saint Lucia, 2001. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/948227847 WorldCat].
* Fontaine, Marcel. ''Dominica's diksyonnè : Kwéyòl-Annglé = Dominica's English-Creole dictionary.'' Cave Hill, Barbados: The Folk Research Institute, 1991. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/29360981 WorldCat].
'''Online Dictionaries'''
* [https://www.webonary.org/kweyol/ Kwéyòl Dictionary] (Webonary)
* [http://www.saintluciancreole.dbfrank.net/dictionary/KweyolDictionary.pdf Kweýol̀ dictionary] (SIL)


==Additional Resources==
==Additional Resources==
 
* Amastae, Jon Edward. ''Dominican creole phonology.'' Ann Arbor, Mich: Xerox University Microfilms, 1975. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/954295811 WorldCat].
* Paugh, Amy Lynn and Bambi B Schieffelin. ''Creole day is every day": Language socialization, shift, and ideologies.'' n.p.: New York University, 2001. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/873971085 WorldCat].
* Amastae, Jon Edward. ''Dominican creole phonology.'' Ann Arbor, Mich: Xerox University Microfilms, 1975. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/954295811 WorldCat].


==References==
==References==


[[Category:Dominica]]
[[Category:Dominica]]
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