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Newfoundland and Labrador Cultural Groups: Difference between revisions
Newfoundland and Labrador Cultural Groups (view source)
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In 1497, European explorers and fishermen from England, Portugal, France, Holland and Spain (mainly Basques) began exploration of Newfoundland. Basque sailors were whaling and fishing around Newfoundland beginning in 1525 and ending around 1626. Basque Canadians are Canadian citizens of Basque descent, or Basque people who were born in the Basque Country and reside in Canada. As of 2016, 6,965 people claimed Basque ancestry. <ref>"Basque Canadians", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_Canadians, accessed 25 December 2020.</ref> | In 1497, European explorers and fishermen from England, Portugal, France, Holland and Spain (mainly Basques) began exploration of Newfoundland. Basque sailors were whaling and fishing around Newfoundland beginning in 1525 and ending around 1626. Basque Canadians are Canadian citizens of Basque descent, or Basque people who were born in the Basque Country and reside in Canada. As of 2016, 6,965 people claimed Basque ancestry. <ref>"Basque Canadians", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_Canadians, accessed 25 December 2020.</ref> | ||
*[[Basque Cultural Group|The Basque]] | *[[Basque Cultural Group|The Basque]] | ||
==Beothuk== | |||
The Beothuk was a group of indigenous people who lived on the island of Newfoundland. The Beothuk lived throughout the island of Newfoundland, particularly in the Notre Dame and Bonavista Bay areas. Estimates vary as to the number of Beothuk at the time of contact with Europeans. Scholars of the 19th and early 20th century estimated about 2,000 individuals at the time of European contact in the 15th century. There is purportedly good evidence that there may have been no more than 500 to 700 people. They lived in independent, self-sufficient, extended family groups of 30 to 55 people. <br> | |||
Intermittently, Europeans attempted to improve relations with the Beothuk. The Beothuks avoided Europeans in Newfoundland by moving inland from their traditional settlements. First, they emigrated to different coastal areas of Newfoundland, places the Europeans did not have fish-camps, but they were over-run. Then, they emigrated to inland Newfoundland. During the colonial period, the Beothuk people also endured territorial pressure from Native groups: Mi'kmaq migrants from Cape Breton Island, and Inuit from Labrador. The Beothuk were unable to procure sufficient subsistence within the areas left to them.nThey entered into a cycle of violence with some of the newcomers. Beothuk numbers dwindled rapidly due to a combination of factors, including: | |||
*loss of access to important food sources, from the competition with Inuit and Mi'kmaq as well as European settlers; | |||
*infectious diseases to which they had no immunity, such as smallpox, introduced by European contact; | |||
*endemic tuberculosis (TB), which weakened tribal members; and | |||
*violent encounters with trappers, settlers, and other natives. | |||
<br> | |||
By 1829, the people were declared extinct. Oral histories suggest a few Beothuk survived around the region of the Exploits River, Twillingate, Newfoundland; and Labrador; and formed unions with European colonists, Inuit and Mi'kmaq. Some families from Twillingate claim descent from the Beothuk people of the early 19th century.<br>"Beothuk", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beothuk, accessed 25 December 2020,</ref> | |||
==First Nations== | ==First Nations== | ||