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Iowa Indigenous Peoples: Difference between revisions
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| link1=[[United States Genealogy|United States]] | | link1=[[United States Genealogy|United States]] | ||
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Learn about the | Learn about the indigenous people of Iowa, the tribes and bands, agencies, reservations and records. | ||
=== Information === | === Information === | ||
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The name Iowa is derived from an Indian word meaning: "this is the place" or "the beautiful land". [[Image:Iowa Indians in color.jpg|thumb|right|353x353px|Iowa Indians in color]] To learn how to get started with American Indian research, find research facilities, and American Indian websites see the [[American Indian Genealogy]] article. | The name Iowa is derived from an Indian word meaning: "this is the place" or "the beautiful land". [[Image:Iowa Indians in color.jpg|thumb|right|353x353px|Iowa Indians in color]] To learn how to get started with American Indian research, find research facilities, and American Indian websites see the [[American Indian Genealogy]] article. | ||
Early indigenous people of Iowa built thousand of mounds, the mounds may have be for burial, ceremonial, religious and elite residence. <br><br>Various field offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs --[[Superintendencies of Indian Affairs|superintendencies]], agencies, [[American Indian School Records|Indian schools]], and others --created records of births, marriages, deaths, adoptions, censuses, schools, land allotments, probates, and other miscellaneous records. Many of these records are available only at the originating office, if that office is still operating. Some of the original records have been transferred to the [http://www.archives.gov/ National Archives] or to its regional archives. The [[Family History Library|Family History Library]] in Salt Lake City has microfilm copies of some of these records. | |||
=== Tribes and Bands of Iowa === | === Tribes and Bands of Iowa === | ||
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Many of these tribes or bands lived in or had only minimal association with the area now known as [http://www.aaanativearts.com/tribes-by-states/iowa_tribes.htm Iowa]. Some of them are only mentioned in treaties as parties to the cession of land in Iowa to the federal government. | Many of these tribes or bands lived in or had only minimal association with the area now known as [http://www.aaanativearts.com/tribes-by-states/iowa_tribes.htm Iowa]. Some of them are only mentioned in treaties as parties to the cession of land in Iowa to the federal government. | ||
The following list of | The following list of Native Americans who have lived in Iowa has been compiled from Hodge's ''Handbook of American Indians...''<ref>Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [https://archive.org/details/handbookamindians02hodgrich Available online].</ref> and from Swanton's ''The Indian Tribes of North America''<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/iowa/index.htm Available online].</ref>. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe. | ||
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=== Reservations === | === Reservations === | ||
From the mid- | From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the Native Americans was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government. | ||
Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies. | Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies. | ||
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The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/ia.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(Family History Library book {{FHL|433280|title-id|disp=973 E5}})</ref>, and other sources. Those reservations named in '''bold''' are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government. | The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/ia.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(Family History Library book {{FHL|433280|title-id|disp=973 E5}})</ref>, and other sources. Those reservations named in '''bold''' are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government. | ||
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keokuk%27s_Reserve Keokuk Reservation] (or Keokuk Reserve) -- a small reserve for the Sac and Fox | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keokuk%27s_Reserve Keokuk Reservation] (or Keokuk Reserve) -- a small reserve for the Sac and Fox, 1832-1836, following the [http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/blackhawk/page2d.html Black Hawk War], after which they were removed to later reservations. | ||
*'''[[Sac and Fox Reservation, Iowa|Sac and Fox Reservation]]'''-- established in 1867 -- Federal reservation located in [[Tama County, Iowa Genealogy|Tama County]], Iowa, under the jurisdiction of the [[Sac and Fox Indian Agency (Iowa)|Sac and Fox Agency]]. Tribe: Sac and Fox (also known as Mesquakie). | *'''[[Sac and Fox Reservation, Iowa|Sac and Fox Reservation]]'''-- established in 1867 -- Federal reservation located in [[Tama County, Iowa Genealogy|Tama County]], Iowa, under the jurisdiction of the [[Sac and Fox Indian Agency (Iowa)|Sac and Fox Agency]]. Tribe: Sac and Fox (also known as Mesquakie). | ||
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*'''[[Winnebago Indian Reservation (Nebraska)|Winnebago Reservation ]]-- '''mostly located in Thurston County, Nebraska but there is a small segment in [[Woodbury County, Iowa Genealogy|Woodbury County,]] Iowa, just east of the Missouri River. See [[Indians of Nebraska|Indians of Nebraska]] for additional information. | *'''[[Winnebago Indian Reservation (Nebraska)|Winnebago Reservation ]]-- '''mostly located in Thurston County, Nebraska but there is a small segment in [[Woodbury County, Iowa Genealogy|Woodbury County,]] Iowa, just east of the Missouri River. See [[Indians of Nebraska|Indians of Nebraska]] for additional information. | ||
<nowiki>**</nowiki> ''Marion Resolution 1852''. A petition of Whites in Linn County, Iowa to allow | <nowiki>**</nowiki> ''Marion Resolution 1852''. A petition of Whites in Linn County, Iowa to allow Native Americans to remain. FHL 989445 Item 10 | ||
=== Agencies === | === Agencies === | ||
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*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]] | *[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]] | ||
Records of the | Records of the indigenous tribes of Iowa may be found in the [http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html National Archives] or in the [http://www.archives.gov/central-plains/lenexa/ Regional Archives of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in Lenexa, Kansas]. | ||
===Allotment Records=== | ===Allotment Records=== | ||
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The General Allotment Act was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1887, marking the establishment of the allotment of land to individuals as the official and widespread policy of the federal government toward the Native Americans. Under this policy, land (formerly land held by the tribe or tribal land) was allotted to individuals to be held in trust until they had shown competency to handle their own affairs. The [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] was the trustee. | The General Allotment Act was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1887, marking the establishment of the allotment of land to individuals as the official and widespread policy of the federal government toward the Native Americans. Under this policy, land (formerly land held by the tribe or tribal land) was allotted to individuals to be held in trust until they had shown competency to handle their own affairs. The [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] was the trustee. | ||
Individual | Individual Native Americans were given a prescribed amount of land on a reservation based upon what land was available and the number of tribal members living on that reservation. Generally, the amount of land allotted was 160 Acres for each head of family, 80 Acres for each single person over eighteen years of age, 80 Acres for each orphan child under eighteen years of age, and 40 Acres for each single person under eighteen years of age. This was dependent upon there being sufficient land available on the existing reservation. If the total acreage on the reservation was insufficient, the amounts of land were pro-rated accordingly. | ||
Not all tribes and reservations were allotted. | Not all tribes and reservations were allotted. | ||
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==== Family History Library ==== | ==== Family History Library ==== | ||
Many | Many native American records have been microfilmed and copies are housed at the [[Family History Library|Family History Library]] in Salt Lake City. To find American Indian records in the FamilySearch Catalog look in the Subject Search under the name of the tribe, such as: | ||
{{FHL|Iowa fox indians|title|disp=Fox Indians}} | {{FHL| Potawatomi|title|disp=Potawatomi Indians}} | {{FHL|312451|subject-id|disp=Sauk Indians}} | {{FHL|Iowa fox indians|title|disp=Fox Indians}} | {{FHL| Potawatomi|title|disp=Potawatomi Indians}} | {{FHL|312451|subject-id|disp=Sauk Indians}} | ||
For further information on | For further information on indigenous people in the United States, see: | ||
''Iowa History Reference Guide'' <ref>Petersen, William John. Iowa History Reference Guide. Iowa City, Iowa: State Historical Society of Iowa, 1952. (FHL book 977.7 A3p; computer number 241027.) This bibliography includes sections about American Indians, immigration, land, government, courts, military, schools, churches, businesses, history, and biographies. It is arranged by subject and has an index. </ref>Pages 22–31 list books and articles about the various American Indian tribes, agents, treaties, and the half-breed tract in Iowa. | ''Iowa History Reference Guide'' <ref>Petersen, William John. Iowa History Reference Guide. Iowa City, Iowa: State Historical Society of Iowa, 1952. (FHL book 977.7 A3p; computer number 241027.) This bibliography includes sections about American Indians, immigration, land, government, courts, military, schools, churches, businesses, history, and biographies. It is arranged by subject and has an index. </ref>Pages 22–31 list books and articles about the various American Indian tribes, agents, treaties, and the half-breed tract in Iowa. | ||
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{{Native American nav}} | {{Native American nav}} | ||
[[Category:Iowa | [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Iowa]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of the United States]] | ||